Question 1

-What does "E" represent on the diagram?

Accepted Answer

A)  myosin myofilament 
B)  actin myofilament 
C)  sarcomere 
D)  Z disk 
E)  cross-bridge 
A)  myosin myofilament 
B)  actin myofilament 
C)  sarcomere 
D)  Z disk 
E)  cross-bridge

Question 2

A muscle fiber will respond to a stimulus when that stimulus reaches the _____ level.

Accepted Answer

A)  threshold 
B)  relaxation 
C)  rigor mortis 
D)  recruitment 
E)  resting 
A)  threshold 
B)  relaxation 
C)  rigor mortis 
D)  recruitment 
E)  resting

Question 3

Consider the following four phrases and select the one that does not belong with the others.

Accepted Answer

A)  anaerobic metabolism 
B)  lactic acid production 
C)  fast twitch fibers 
D)  fuels runner in a marathon 
E)  muscle fibers split ATP rapidly 
A)  anaerobic metabolism 
B)  lactic acid production 
C)  fast twitch fibers 
D)  fuels runner in a marathon 
E)  muscle fibers split ATP rapidly

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT true of muscular atrophy?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is irreversible. 
B)  It can be caused by disuse. 
C)  It can be caused by denervation. 
D)  Transcutaneous stimulation can help prevent it. 
E)  Muscle fibers are replaced by connective tissue. 
A)  It is irreversible. 
B)  It can be caused by disuse. 
C)  It can be caused by denervation. 
D)  Transcutaneous stimulation can help prevent it. 
E)  Muscle fibers are replaced by connective tissue.

Question 5

Oxygen deficit represents

Accepted Answer

A)  the amount anaerobic metabolism must increase after exercise. 
B)  the amount of oxygen converted to lactic acid during exercise. 
C)  the amount of carbon dioxide that cells need to eliminate. 
D)  conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid. 
E)  the amount of oxygen that cells need to replenish ATP supplies after exercise. 
A)  the amount anaerobic metabolism must increase after exercise. 
B)  the amount of oxygen converted to lactic acid during exercise. 
C)  the amount of carbon dioxide that cells need to eliminate. 
D)  conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid. 
E)  the amount of oxygen that cells need to replenish ATP supplies after exercise.

Question 6

When repolarization of the cell membrane is complete, the

Accepted Answer

A)  cell dies. 
B)  cell regenerates. 
C)  cell no longer has a potential difference across its membrane. 
D)  cell is no longer responsive. 
E)  original polarity of the cell is restored. 
A)  cell dies. 
B)  cell regenerates. 
C)  cell no longer has a potential difference across its membrane. 
D)  cell is no longer responsive. 
E)  original polarity of the cell is restored.

Question 7

Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Skeletal muscle is capable of spontaneous contraction. 
B)  Smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs. 
C)  Cardiac muscle cells have multiple nuclei. 
D)  Smooth muscle cells are long and cylindrical. 
E)  There is a small amount of smooth muscle in the heart. 
A)  Skeletal muscle is capable of spontaneous contraction. 
B)  Smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs. 
C)  Cardiac muscle cells have multiple nuclei. 
D)  Smooth muscle cells are long and cylindrical. 
E)  There is a small amount of smooth muscle in the heart.

Question 8

Sarcoplasm is the

Accepted Answer

A)  cell membrane of a muscle fiber. 
B)  cytoplasm of muscle cells. 
C)  structural and functional unit of the skeletal muscle cell. 
D)  contractile thread that extends the length of the muscle fiber. 
E)  protein strand composed of actin or myosin. 
A)  cell membrane of a muscle fiber. 
B)  cytoplasm of muscle cells. 
C)  structural and functional unit of the skeletal muscle cell. 
D)  contractile thread that extends the length of the muscle fiber. 
E)  protein strand composed of actin or myosin.

Question 9

Each _____ includes a Z disk and extends from each side of the Z disk to the ends of the myosin myofilaments.

Accepted Answer

A)  isotropic band or I band 
B)  anisotropic band or A band 
C)  muscle fiber 
D)  sarcomere 
A)  isotropic band or I band 
B)  anisotropic band or A band 
C)  muscle fiber 
D)  sarcomere

Question 10

Which of the following is composed of myosin molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  thick myofilaments 
B)  I Bands 
C)  Z disks 
D)  sarcolemma 
E)  tropomyosin 
A)  thick myofilaments 
B)  I Bands 
C)  Z disks 
D)  sarcolemma 
E)  tropomyosin

Question 11

Atrophy at the neuromuscular junction that naturally occurs with age would have what effect on muscles?

Accepted Answer

A)  It would stimulate the nervous system to increase the speed in which it sends action potentials to the myofiber. 
B)  It would stimulate muscle cramps. 
C)  It would decrease the number of action potentials sent to the myofiber. 
D)  It would cause an increase in the amount of ACh released by the neurons to compensate. 
E)  It would have no effect on the muscles. 
A)  It would stimulate the nervous system to increase the speed in which it sends action potentials to the myofiber. 
B)  It would stimulate muscle cramps. 
C)  It would decrease the number of action potentials sent to the myofiber. 
D)  It would cause an increase in the amount of ACh released by the neurons to compensate. 
E)  It would have no effect on the muscles.

Question 12

Which type of muscle tissue possesses striations?

Accepted Answer

A)  skeletal muscle 
B)  smooth muscle 
C)  cardiac muscle 
D)  both skeletal and cardiac muscle 
E)  both cardiac and smooth muscle 
A)  skeletal muscle 
B)  smooth muscle 
C)  cardiac muscle 
D)  both skeletal and cardiac muscle 
E)  both cardiac and smooth muscle

Question 13

Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Muscle fatigue has no influence on the force of contractions. 
B)  A threshold stimulus will cause contraction of a muscle fiber. 
C)  A subthreshold stimulus causes a muscle contraction. 
D)  Motor units do not obey the "all or none" law. 
E)  A threshold stimulus will not affect motor units. 
A)  Muscle fatigue has no influence on the force of contractions. 
B)  A threshold stimulus will cause contraction of a muscle fiber. 
C)  A subthreshold stimulus causes a muscle contraction. 
D)  Motor units do not obey the "all or none" law. 
E)  A threshold stimulus will not affect motor units.

Question 14

Excitation-contraction coupling begins with:

Accepted Answer

A)  the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum 
B)  the production of an action potential in the sarcolemma 
C)  the release of the cross-bridge 
D)  the depolarization of the transverse tubules 
A)  the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum 
B)  the production of an action potential in the sarcolemma 
C)  the release of the cross-bridge 
D)  the depolarization of the transverse tubules

Question 15

In a laboratory experiment, the resting membrane potential of a muscle is measured and is found to be more negative. Which of the following has occurred?

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperpolarization 
B)  repolarization 
C)  depolarization 
D)  isopolarization 
E)  hypopolarization 
A)  hyperpolarization 
B)  repolarization 
C)  depolarization 
D)  isopolarization 
E)  hypopolarization

Question 16

Acetylcholine binds to a membrane bound receptor and causes ligand-gated sodium channels to open and results in

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperpolarization. 
B)  depolarization. 
C)  hypoplarization. 
D)  no change in membrane potential. 
E)  There is not enough information to predict the outcome. 
A)  hyperpolarization. 
B)  depolarization. 
C)  hypoplarization. 
D)  no change in membrane potential. 
E)  There is not enough information to predict the outcome.

Question 17

Anabolic steroids can do all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  increase muscle size and strength. 
B)  cause testicular atrophy. 
C)  cause cardiovascular disease. 
D)  increase the number of muscle fibers. 
E)  increase total muscle mass. 
A)  increase muscle size and strength. 
B)  cause testicular atrophy. 
C)  cause cardiovascular disease. 
D)  increase the number of muscle fibers. 
E)  increase total muscle mass.

Question 18

What is the power stroke?

Accepted Answer

A)  a protein found along the groove of the F-actin double helix 
B)  a T tubule and two adjacent terminal cisternae 
C)  the combination of myosin heads with active sites on actin molecules 
D)  the movement of myosin head while attached to actin myofilament 
E)  after exercise, the oxygen taken in that exceeds the oxygen required for resting metabolism 
A)  a protein found along the groove of the F-actin double helix 
B)  a T tubule and two adjacent terminal cisternae 
C)  the combination of myosin heads with active sites on actin molecules 
D)  the movement of myosin head while attached to actin myofilament 
E)  after exercise, the oxygen taken in that exceeds the oxygen required for resting metabolism

Question 19

Which type of respiration rapidly produces ATP for short time periods?

Accepted Answer

A)  anaerobic respiration 
B)  aerobic respiration 
C)  both anaerobic and aerobic respiration 
A)  anaerobic respiration 
B)  aerobic respiration 
C)  both anaerobic and aerobic respiration

Question 20

The sarcoplasmic reticulum

Accepted Answer

A)  stores calcium ions. 
B)  shortens during muscle contraction. 
C)  transmits nerve impulses to the myofibrils. 
D)  connects adjacent sarcomeres. 
E)  covers the muscle fiber. 
A)  stores calcium ions. 
B)  shortens during muscle contraction. 
C)  transmits nerve impulses to the myofibrils. 
D)  connects adjacent sarcomeres. 
E)  covers the muscle fiber.

Exam 9: Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

-What does "E" represent on the diagram?

A muscle fiber will respond to a stimulus when that stimulus reaches the _____ level.

Consider the following four phrases and select the one that does not belong with the others.

Which of the following is NOT true of muscular atrophy?

Oxygen deficit represents

When repolarization of the cell membrane is complete, the

Which of the following is true?

Sarcoplasm is the

Each _____ includes a Z disk and extends from each side of the Z disk to the ends of the myosin myofilaments.

Which of the following is composed of myosin molecules?

Atrophy at the neuromuscular junction that naturally occurs with age would have what effect on muscles?

Which type of muscle tissue possesses striations?

Which of the following is true?

Excitation-contraction coupling begins with:

In a laboratory experiment, the resting membrane potential of a muscle is measured and is found to be more negative. Which of the following has occurred?

Acetylcholine binds to a membrane bound receptor and causes ligand-gated sodium channels to open and results in

Anabolic steroids can do all of the following except

What is the power stroke?

Which type of respiration rapidly produces ATP for short time periods?

The sarcoplasmic reticulum

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Based Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

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