Question 1

Projecting from the outer envelope of the influenza virus are two glycoproteins called

Accepted Answer

A)  leukocidin and hemolysin. 
B)  hyaluronidase and coagulase. 
C)  hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. 
D)  lysozyme and coagulase. 
E)  coagulase and gp160. 
A)  leukocidin and hemolysin. 
B)  hyaluronidase and coagulase. 
C)  hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. 
D)  lysozyme and coagulase. 
E)  coagulase and gp160.

Question 2

The destructive nature of tuberculosis can be characterized as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  endotoxin pyrogenic response. 
B)  delayed-type cell-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. 
C)  immune complex reaction. 
D)  inflammatory response. 
E)  inflammatory pyogenic response. 
A)  endotoxin pyrogenic response. 
B)  delayed-type cell-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. 
C)  immune complex reaction. 
D)  inflammatory response. 
E)  inflammatory pyogenic response.

Question 3

How can Streptococcus pyogenes initially be differentiated from other Streptococcus species that form part of the throat normal microbiotia?

Accepted Answer

A)  By Gram staining-it is a Gram-positive organism. 
B)  By culturing the bacteria on nutrient agar and checking for hemolysis. 
C)  By morphology-the bacteria are spherical and grow in long chains. 
D)  By detection of the "A" carbohydrate in its cell wall using antibodies. 
E)  By specific disease signs and symptoms, including sore throat and fever. 
A)  By Gram staining-it is a Gram-positive organism. 
B)  By culturing the bacteria on nutrient agar and checking for hemolysis. 
C)  By morphology-the bacteria are spherical and grow in long chains. 
D)  By detection of the "A" carbohydrate in its cell wall using antibodies. 
E)  By specific disease signs and symptoms, including sore throat and fever.

Question 4

The reservoir of the common cold is the

Accepted Answer

A)  family pet. 
B)  human. 
C)  infected fomite. 
D)  fruit. 
E)  rhinovirus. 
A)  family pet. 
B)  human. 
C)  infected fomite. 
D)  fruit. 
E)  rhinovirus.

Question 5

The resistance of the tubercle bacillus to various factors is probably due to its

Accepted Answer

A)  cell wall. 
B)  capsule. 
C)  larger ribosomes. 
D)  ability to adhere tightly. 
A)  cell wall. 
B)  capsule. 
C)  larger ribosomes. 
D)  ability to adhere tightly.

Question 6

Otitis media and sinusitis are usually preceded by a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  middle ear infection. 
B)  pseudomonal infection. 
C)  oropharyngeal infection. 
D)  nasopharyngeal infection. 
E)  gastrointestinal infection. 
A)  middle ear infection. 
B)  pseudomonal infection. 
C)  oropharyngeal infection. 
D)  nasopharyngeal infection. 
E)  gastrointestinal infection.

Question 7

The causative agent of whooping cough is

Accepted Answer

A)  parvovirus. 
B)  M. pneumoniae. 
C)  B. pertussis. 
D)  S. aureus. 
E)  W. pertussis. 
A)  parvovirus. 
B)  M. pneumoniae. 
C)  B. pertussis. 
D)  S. aureus. 
E)  W. pertussis.

Question 8

The sudden, violent, uncontrollable cough of pertussis is described as

Accepted Answer

A)  productive. 
B)  contagious. 
C)  infective. 
D)  paroxysmal. 
E)  catastrophic. 
A)  productive. 
B)  contagious. 
C)  infective. 
D)  paroxysmal. 
E)  catastrophic.

Question 9

Rapid diagnostic tests for streptococcal infections may use

Accepted Answer

A)  blood agar AND the Kirby-Bauer test. 
B)  antibodies AND blood agar. 
C)  DNA probes. 
D)  the Kirby-Bauer test AND DNA probes. 
E)  antibodies AND DNA probes. 
A)  blood agar AND the Kirby-Bauer test. 
B)  antibodies AND blood agar. 
C)  DNA probes. 
D)  the Kirby-Bauer test AND DNA probes. 
E)  antibodies AND DNA probes.

Question 10

The cause of strep throat is

Accepted Answer

A)  Staphylococcus aureus. 
B)  Streptococcus pyogenes-beta-hemolytic, group A. 
C)  Staphylococcus pyogenes-alpha-hemolytic, group B. 
D)  Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
E)  Staphylococcus aureus-beta-hemolytic, group A. 
A)  Staphylococcus aureus. 
B)  Streptococcus pyogenes-beta-hemolytic, group A. 
C)  Staphylococcus pyogenes-alpha-hemolytic, group B. 
D)  Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
E)  Staphylococcus aureus-beta-hemolytic, group A.

Question 11

Why are there currently no vaccines against Streptococcus pyogenes?

Accepted Answer

A)  There are many antigenic types in the M protein of this organism. A vaccine against one type might not protect against another. 
B)  There is great variation in the polysaccharide capsule of this organism. A vaccine against one type might not protect against another. 
C)  Antibodies to streptococcal M protein may also recognize and bind to myosin in the heart, causing autoimmunity and leading to rheumatic fever. 
D)  There is great variation in the M protein of this organism. A vaccine against one M type might not protect against another AND antibodies to streptococcal M protein may also recognize and bind to myosin in the heart, causing autoimmunity and leading to rheumatic fever. 
E)  There is great variation in the polysaccharide capsule of this organism. A vaccine against one type might not protect against another AND antibodies to streptococcal M protein may also recognize and bind to myosin in the heart, causing autoimmunity and leading to rheumatic fever. 
A)  There are many antigenic types in the M protein of this organism. A vaccine against one type might not protect against another. 
B)  There is great variation in the polysaccharide capsule of this organism. A vaccine against one type might not protect against another. 
C)  Antibodies to streptococcal M protein may also recognize and bind to myosin in the heart, causing autoimmunity and leading to rheumatic fever. 
D)  There is great variation in the M protein of this organism. A vaccine against one M type might not protect against another AND antibodies to streptococcal M protein may also recognize and bind to myosin in the heart, causing autoimmunity and leading to rheumatic fever. 
E)  There is great variation in the polysaccharide capsule of this organism. A vaccine against one type might not protect against another AND antibodies to streptococcal M protein may also recognize and bind to myosin in the heart, causing autoimmunity and leading to rheumatic fever.

Question 12

Is antigenic shift alone likely to lead to influenza pandemics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes. ONLY antigenic shift can lead to the large-scale mixing of gene elements required to produce a pandemic flu strain. 
B)  Perhaps, but it would most likely be a mixture of antigenic shift AND drift that would result in a pandemic strain. 
C)  No. ONLY antigenic DRIFT can lead to the large-scale mixing of gene elements required to produce a pandemic flu strain. 
D)  No. Antigenic SHIFT is responsible for changes in the hemagglutinin protein, while antigenic DRIFT is responsible for changes in the neuraminidase protein. You need both to lead to a pandemic strain. 
E)  No. Antigenic SHIFT is responsible for changes in the neuraminidase  protein, while antigenic DRIFT is responsible for changes in the hemagglutinin protein. You need both to lead to a pandemic strain. 
A)  Yes. ONLY antigenic shift can lead to the large-scale mixing of gene elements required to produce a pandemic flu strain. 
B)  Perhaps, but it would most likely be a mixture of antigenic shift AND drift that would result in a pandemic strain. 
C)  No. ONLY antigenic DRIFT can lead to the large-scale mixing of gene elements required to produce a pandemic flu strain. 
D)  No. Antigenic SHIFT is responsible for changes in the hemagglutinin protein, while antigenic DRIFT is responsible for changes in the neuraminidase protein. You need both to lead to a pandemic strain. 
E)  No. Antigenic SHIFT is responsible for changes in the neuraminidase  protein, while antigenic DRIFT is responsible for changes in the hemagglutinin protein. You need both to lead to a pandemic strain.

Question 13

Your son comes home from school complaining that he is ill. He tells you he thinks he has the flu—he has a sore throat, runny nose, and a cough, and his eyes are very red. Everyone in your family received a influenza vaccine about a month ago, and as the CDC reports that this year's vaccine is approximately 70% effective, you think it is unlikely that your son does in fact have this disease. In addition, your son does not seem to have muscle aches or a headache, which generally occur with flu. Nonetheless, he does look ill and when you take his temperature, you find that he has a fever of 38.9S1U1P1oS1S1P0C. You take him to see his doctor, because you suspect that while your son likely does not have influenza, he also does not have a common cold.
-You ask the doctor whether there is a vacccine that your children can be given to prevent further adenoviral infections. He tells you

Accepted Answer

A)  that there is no need for a vaccine because your son can be treated with antibiotics AND that adenovirus infections can be avoided by handwashing. 
B)  there is a vaccine against two adenovirus serotypes but this is only given to military recruits AND that adenovirus infections can mostly be avoided by handwashing. 
C)  there is a vaccine against two adenovirus serotypes but this is only given to healthcare personnel BUT that adenovirus infections are easily treated with antibiotics. 
D)  it is not possible to generate vaccines against any double-stranded DNA viruses AND that adenovirus infections can be avoided by handwashing. 
E)  it is not possible to synthesize vaccines for preventing diseases caused by RNA viruses BUT that adenovirus infections can be prevented with prophylactic antibiotics. 
A)  that there is no need for a vaccine because your son can be treated with antibiotics AND that adenovirus infections can be avoided by handwashing. 
B)  there is a vaccine against two adenovirus serotypes but this is only given to military recruits AND that adenovirus infections can mostly be avoided by handwashing. 
C)  there is a vaccine against two adenovirus serotypes but this is only given to healthcare personnel BUT that adenovirus infections are easily treated with antibiotics. 
D)  it is not possible to generate vaccines against any double-stranded DNA viruses AND that adenovirus infections can be avoided by handwashing. 
E)  it is not possible to synthesize vaccines for preventing diseases caused by RNA viruses BUT that adenovirus infections can be prevented with prophylactic antibiotics.

Question 14

Which of the following indicates bacterial conjunctivitis rather than viral conjunctivitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased tear production 
B)  Redness of conjunctiva 
C)  Swelling and pus 
D)  Sensitivity to light 
E)  All of the answer choices are correct. 
A)  Increased tear production 
B)  Redness of conjunctiva 
C)  Swelling and pus 
D)  Sensitivity to light 
E)  All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 15

The process used for identifying the different carbohydrates of streptococci is called

Accepted Answer

A)  Lancefield grouping. 
B)  CHO typing. 
C)  peptidoglycan typing. 
D)  fermentation testing. 
E)  NAAT typing. 
A)  Lancefield grouping. 
B)  CHO typing. 
C)  peptidoglycan typing. 
D)  fermentation testing. 
E)  NAAT typing.

Question 16

The disease that closely resembles "strep throat" but is of viral origin is

Accepted Answer

A)  adenoviral pharyngitis. 
B)  otitis media. 
C)  the common cold. 
D)  tonsilitis. 
E)  bronchitis. 
A)  adenoviral pharyngitis. 
B)  otitis media. 
C)  the common cold. 
D)  tonsilitis. 
E)  bronchitis.

Question 17

Why would it be reasonable to treat strep throat but not diphtheria with antibacterial antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

A)  The signs and symptoms of diphtheria are mostly caused by the exotoxin produced by the causative agent. An antibiotic won't affect the exotoxin. 
B)  The signs and symptoms of strep throat are mostly from the exotoxin produced by the causative agent. An antibiotic effectively eliminates these exotoxins. 
C)  The causative agent of diphtheria is a virus, not a bacterium. The drug would have no effect against this infectious agent. 
D)  There are no antibiotics that have proven effective against the bacterium that causes diphtheria. 
E)  The causative agent of diphtheria is pleomorphic and does not have a cell wall. There are thus no antibiotics that would be effective against this organism. 
A)  The signs and symptoms of diphtheria are mostly caused by the exotoxin produced by the causative agent. An antibiotic won't affect the exotoxin. 
B)  The signs and symptoms of strep throat are mostly from the exotoxin produced by the causative agent. An antibiotic effectively eliminates these exotoxins. 
C)  The causative agent of diphtheria is a virus, not a bacterium. The drug would have no effect against this infectious agent. 
D)  There are no antibiotics that have proven effective against the bacterium that causes diphtheria. 
E)  The causative agent of diphtheria is pleomorphic and does not have a cell wall. There are thus no antibiotics that would be effective against this organism.

Question 18

Are people infected with M. tuberculosis always highly infectious to everyone around them?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes. The infected person is constantly shedding bacteria to the environment around them in high numbers, facilitating transmission. 
B)  No. While in the early stages of the illness, the infected person does not have the cough required to spread the organism in respiratory droplets very easily. 
C)  Yes. As the mode of transmission of M. tuberculosis is direct contact, anyone or anything the infected person touches can be infected. 
D)  No. TB has a very high infectious dose. In the early stages of the disease, the patients aren't producing enough bacteria in their respiratory secretions to be infectious. 
E)  Yes. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is shed in all body secretions as well as in respiratory droplets, so is very easily spread. 
A)  Yes. The infected person is constantly shedding bacteria to the environment around them in high numbers, facilitating transmission. 
B)  No. While in the early stages of the illness, the infected person does not have the cough required to spread the organism in respiratory droplets very easily. 
C)  Yes. As the mode of transmission of M. tuberculosis is direct contact, anyone or anything the infected person touches can be infected. 
D)  No. TB has a very high infectious dose. In the early stages of the disease, the patients aren't producing enough bacteria in their respiratory secretions to be infectious. 
E)  Yes. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is shed in all body secretions as well as in respiratory droplets, so is very easily spread.

Question 19

A vaccine is available for protection from pneumococcal pneumonia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which of the following is/are not associated with strep throat?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sore throat and fever. 
B)  Patches of pus in the throat. 
C)  Enlarged lymph nodes in the neck. 
D)  Abdominal pain and headache. 
E)  Cough and nasal discharge. 
A)  Sore throat and fever. 
B)  Patches of pus in the throat. 
C)  Enlarged lymph nodes in the neck. 
D)  Abdominal pain and headache. 
E)  Cough and nasal discharge.

Exam 21: Respiratory System Infections

Projecting from the outer envelope of the influenza virus are two glycoproteins called

The destructive nature of tuberculosis can be characterized as a(n)

How can Streptococcus pyogenes initially be differentiated from other Streptococcus species that form part of the throat normal microbiotia?

The reservoir of the common cold is the

The resistance of the tubercle bacillus to various factors is probably due to its

Otitis media and sinusitis are usually preceded by a(n)

The causative agent of whooping cough is

The sudden, violent, uncontrollable cough of pertussis is described as

Rapid diagnostic tests for streptococcal infections may use

The cause of strep throat is

Why are there currently no vaccines against Streptococcus pyogenes?

Is antigenic shift alone likely to lead to influenza pandemics?

Which of the following indicates bacterial conjunctivitis rather than viral conjunctivitis?

The process used for identifying the different carbohydrates of streptococci is called

The disease that closely resembles "strep throat" but is of viral origin is

Why would it be reasonable to treat strep throat but not diphtheria with antibacterial antibiotics?

Are people infected with M. tuberculosis always highly infectious to everyone around them?

A vaccine is available for protection from pneumococcal pneumonia.

Which of the following is/are not associated with strep throat?

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Microscopy and Cell Structure

Dynamics of Microbial Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, from DNA to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology

Identifying and Classifying Microorganisms

The Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunological Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Nervous System Infections

Genitourinary Tract Infections

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

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