Question 1

Adenoviral pharyngitis is effectively treated with

Accepted Answer

A)  antibiotics. 
B)  lysozyme. 
C)  proteases. 
D)  nucleotide analogs. 
E)  None of the choices is correct. 
A)  antibiotics. 
B)  lysozyme. 
C)  proteases. 
D)  nucleotide analogs. 
E)  None of the choices is correct.

Question 2

Corynebacterium diphtheriae is an invasive, toxin-producing, pleomorphic spore-forming bacterium that aggressively enters tissues and the bloodstream.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Rhinoviruses need to be grown

Accepted Answer

A)  in living cells AND at 39°C. 
B)  in synthetic media AND at 39°C. 
C)  on blood agar AND at 33°C. 
D)  in live animals or plants. 
E)  in living cells AND at 33°C. 
A)  in living cells AND at 39°C. 
B)  in synthetic media AND at 39°C. 
C)  on blood agar AND at 33°C. 
D)  in live animals or plants. 
E)  in living cells AND at 33°C.

Question 4

The resistance of Klebsiella to antibiotics may be

Accepted Answer

A)  chromosomal mediated AND lysosomal mediated. 
B)  plasmid mediated AND lysosomal mediated. 
C)  chromosomal mediated AND plasmid mediated. 
D)  lysosomal mediated AND capsule mediated. 
E)  capsule mediated AND plasmid mediated. 
A)  chromosomal mediated AND lysosomal mediated. 
B)  plasmid mediated AND lysosomal mediated. 
C)  chromosomal mediated AND plasmid mediated. 
D)  lysosomal mediated AND capsule mediated. 
E)  capsule mediated AND plasmid mediated.

Question 5

The virulence of the tubercle bacillus is due to its

Accepted Answer

A)  toxin. 
B)  lysogenic conversion. 
C)  resistance to antibiotics. 
D)  survival within macrophages. 
E)  lysogenic conversion AND resistance to antibiotics. 
A)  toxin. 
B)  lysogenic conversion. 
C)  resistance to antibiotics. 
D)  survival within macrophages. 
E)  lysogenic conversion AND resistance to antibiotics.

Question 6

Effective preventive methods for avoiding the common cold include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  hand washing. 
B)  avoiding crowds. 
C)  not touching one's face. 
D)  avoiding close contact with people with colds. 
E)  prophylactic antibiotics. 
A)  hand washing. 
B)  avoiding crowds. 
C)  not touching one's face. 
D)  avoiding close contact with people with colds. 
E)  prophylactic antibiotics.

Question 7

How does Legionella pneumophila survive adverse conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)  It forms endospores when in dry or hot environments. 
B)  It produces cysts. 
C)  It is acid-fast and resists dehydration. 
D)  It survives in protozoa that can withstand adverse conditions. 
E)  It is an intracellular parasite in fish. 
A)  It forms endospores when in dry or hot environments. 
B)  It produces cysts. 
C)  It is acid-fast and resists dehydration. 
D)  It survives in protozoa that can withstand adverse conditions. 
E)  It is an intracellular parasite in fish.

Question 8

Your son comes home from school complaining that he is ill. He tells you he thinks he has the flu—he has a sore throat, runny nose, and a cough, and his eyes are very red. Everyone in your family received a influenza vaccine about a month ago, and as the CDC reports that this year's vaccine is approximately 70% effective, you think it is unlikely that your son does in fact have this disease. In addition, your son does not seem to have muscle aches or a headache, which generally occur with flu. Nonetheless, he does look ill and when you take his temperature, you find that he has a fever of 38.9S1U1P1oS1S1P0C. You take him to see his doctor, because you suspect that while your son likely does not have influenza, he also does not have a common cold.
-The doctor checks your son's throat and notes that he has has gray-white pus on the pharynx and tonsils. He also has enlarged lymph nodes in his neck. This suggests to the doctor that your son has the bacterial infection ________, which he attempts to confirm by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  strep throat; doing a rapid antigen detection test (RADT) and throat culture. 
B)  pneumococcal pneumonia; doing a rapid antigen detection test (RADT) and throat culture. 
C)  mycoplasmal pneumonia; performing a mantoux skin test and doing a throat culture. 
D)  legionellosis; performing a mantoux skin test and a chest x-ray. 
E)  tuberculosis; doing a throat culture and rapid TB skin test. 
A)  strep throat; doing a rapid antigen detection test (RADT) and throat culture. 
B)  pneumococcal pneumonia; doing a rapid antigen detection test (RADT) and throat culture. 
C)  mycoplasmal pneumonia; performing a mantoux skin test and doing a throat culture. 
D)  legionellosis; performing a mantoux skin test and a chest x-ray. 
E)  tuberculosis; doing a throat culture and rapid TB skin test.

Question 9

About 60% of the bacterial pneumonias that require hospitalization of adults are caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  S. pyogenes. 
B)  S. pneumoniae. 
C)  S. aureus. 
D)  K. pneumoniae. 
E)  M. pneumoniae. 
A)  S. pyogenes. 
B)  S. pneumoniae. 
C)  S. aureus. 
D)  K. pneumoniae. 
E)  M. pneumoniae.

Question 10

You are an RN working in the emergency department (ED) at a major hospital in New York City. During one shift, you see two patients who are exhibiting coughing with blood-containing sputum, and shortness of breath. Both patients report that they have experienced headaches, muscle aches, high fever, confusion, and shaking chills in the days preceding their ED visit. One of the patients also has some digestive tract symptoms including diarrhea, abdominal pain, and vomiting. You discover that the patients live in the same apartment building, although they do not know each other. You suspect that they have a type of pneumonia, and given the circumstances, think it may be legionellosis. You read up on this disease to refresh your memory about it.
-What is the likely source of the L. pneumophila in this case?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cooling water tower providing feeding airconditioners in the patient's offices. 
B)  The showers or faucets at the local gym where both patients regularly worked out. 
C)  The produce section at the grocery store where vegetables are sprayed with water for freshness. 
D)  The water tank in the patient's building that provides hot water to apartments. 
E)  Further investigation by an agency such as the CDC would be needed to determine this. 
A)  The cooling water tower providing feeding airconditioners in the patient's offices. 
B)  The showers or faucets at the local gym where both patients regularly worked out. 
C)  The produce section at the grocery store where vegetables are sprayed with water for freshness. 
D)  The water tank in the patient's building that provides hot water to apartments. 
E)  Further investigation by an agency such as the CDC would be needed to determine this.

Question 11

Which is False about pertussis toxin?

Accepted Answer

A)  It uses part B to attach to receptors on the host cell. 
B)  It uses part A to inactivate G protein. 
C)  It affects the level of cAMP in a cell. 
D)  It affects the level of mucus secretion. 
E)  It uses part A to attach to receptors on the host cell. 
A)  It uses part B to attach to receptors on the host cell. 
B)  It uses part A to inactivate G protein. 
C)  It affects the level of cAMP in a cell. 
D)  It affects the level of mucus secretion. 
E)  It uses part A to attach to receptors on the host cell.

Question 12

Which is the causative agent of the upper respiratory tract infection characterized by the formation of a pseudomembrane on the tonsils or in the throat?

Accepted Answer

A)  Corynebacterium diphtheriae 
B)  Streptococcus pneumoniae 
C)  Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
D)  Mycoplasma pneumoniae 
E)  Bordetella pertussis 
A)  Corynebacterium diphtheriae 
B)  Streptococcus pneumoniae 
C)  Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
D)  Mycoplasma pneumoniae 
E)  Bordetella pertussis

Question 13

Streptococci are grouped by their cell wall carbohydrates.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

A vaccine for the common cold is not possible because

Accepted Answer

A)  the surface antigens of rhinovirus mutate frequently. 
B)  there are more than 100 types of rhinovirus. 
C)  the causative agent of colds is unknown. 
D)  the rhinovirus cannot be grown in sufficient quantities. 
E)  rhinoviruses are resistant. 
A)  the surface antigens of rhinovirus mutate frequently. 
B)  there are more than 100 types of rhinovirus. 
C)  the causative agent of colds is unknown. 
D)  the rhinovirus cannot be grown in sufficient quantities. 
E)  rhinoviruses are resistant.

Question 15

Colds are effectively treated with

Accepted Answer

A)  antibiotics. 
B)  aspirin and acetaminophen. 
C)  proteases. 
D)  nucleotide analogs. 
E)  None of the choices is correct. 
A)  antibiotics. 
B)  aspirin and acetaminophen. 
C)  proteases. 
D)  nucleotide analogs. 
E)  None of the choices is correct.

Question 16

The rhinovirus contains

Accepted Answer

A)  single-stranded RNA and is an enveloped virus. 
B)  double-stranded RNA and is an enveloped virus. 
C)  single-stranded RNA and and is a non-enveloped virus. 
D)  double-stranded RNA and is a non-enveloped virus. 
E)  single-stranded RNA and and is a retrovirus. 
A)  single-stranded RNA and is an enveloped virus. 
B)  double-stranded RNA and is an enveloped virus. 
C)  single-stranded RNA and and is a non-enveloped virus. 
D)  double-stranded RNA and is a non-enveloped virus. 
E)  single-stranded RNA and and is a retrovirus.

Question 17

Which of the following is associated with the upper respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Humidifying inhaled air. 
B)  Warming inhaled air AND drying inhaled air. 
C)  Cooling inhaled air AND drying inhaled air. 
D)  Cooling inhaled air AND humidifying inhaled air. 
E)  Humidifying inhaled air AND warming inhaled air 
A)  Humidifying inhaled air. 
B)  Warming inhaled air AND drying inhaled air. 
C)  Cooling inhaled air AND drying inhaled air. 
D)  Cooling inhaled air AND humidifying inhaled air. 
E)  Humidifying inhaled air AND warming inhaled air

Question 18

Why are some tissues damaged by diphtheria toxin while others are unaffected by it?

Accepted Answer

A)  Diphtheria toxin is a superantigen. Only TH cells are affected by this type of toxin, so tissues lacking TH cells are unaffected. 
B)  The causative agent is inhaled into the lungs, so only lung tissue is affected by the toxin released by the organism. 
C)  Diphtheria toxin is an A-B toxin. Cells that do not have a receptor for the toxin are unaffected by it. 
D)  The causative agent is ingested, so only gastrointestinal tissue is affected by the toxin released by the organism. 
E)  Diphtheria is a localized infection. Only tissues in the immediate area of the bacteria are affected by the toxin. 
A)  Diphtheria toxin is a superantigen. Only TH cells are affected by this type of toxin, so tissues lacking TH cells are unaffected. 
B)  The causative agent is inhaled into the lungs, so only lung tissue is affected by the toxin released by the organism. 
C)  Diphtheria toxin is an A-B toxin. Cells that do not have a receptor for the toxin are unaffected by it. 
D)  The causative agent is ingested, so only gastrointestinal tissue is affected by the toxin released by the organism. 
E)  Diphtheria is a localized infection. Only tissues in the immediate area of the bacteria are affected by the toxin.

Question 19

Adenoviruses may cause eye infections as well as upper respiratory tract infections.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Select the best description of the causative agent of diphtheria.

Accepted Answer

A)  Pleomorphic, Gram-negative lysogen. 
B)  Gram-positive, spore-forming rod. 
C)  Gram-positive, encapsulated, spore-former. 
D)  Pleomorphic, Gram-positive lysogen. 
E)  Pleomorphic, Gram-positive, flagellated lysogen. 
A)  Pleomorphic, Gram-negative lysogen. 
B)  Gram-positive, spore-forming rod. 
C)  Gram-positive, encapsulated, spore-former. 
D)  Pleomorphic, Gram-positive lysogen. 
E)  Pleomorphic, Gram-positive, flagellated lysogen.

Exam 21: Respiratory System Infections

Adenoviral pharyngitis is effectively treated with

Corynebacterium diphtheriae is an invasive, toxin-producing, pleomorphic spore-forming bacterium that aggressively enters tissues and the bloodstream.

Rhinoviruses need to be grown

The resistance of Klebsiella to antibiotics may be

The virulence of the tubercle bacillus is due to its

Effective preventive methods for avoiding the common cold include all of the following EXCEPT

How does Legionella pneumophila survive adverse conditions?

About 60% of the bacterial pneumonias that require hospitalization of adults are caused by

Which is False about pertussis toxin?

Which is the causative agent of the upper respiratory tract infection characterized by the formation of a pseudomembrane on the tonsils or in the throat?

Streptococci are grouped by their cell wall carbohydrates.

A vaccine for the common cold is not possible because

Colds are effectively treated with

The rhinovirus contains

Which of the following is associated with the upper respiratory system?

Why are some tissues damaged by diphtheria toxin while others are unaffected by it?

Adenoviruses may cause eye infections as well as upper respiratory tract infections.

Select the best description of the causative agent of diphtheria.

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Microscopy and Cell Structure

Dynamics of Microbial Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, from DNA to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology

Identifying and Classifying Microorganisms

The Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunological Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Nervous System Infections

Genitourinary Tract Infections

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

Filters