Question 1

Both malaria and yellow fever are transmitted by mosquitoes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

Select the statement about plague that is True.

Accepted Answer

A)  When Yersinia pestis infects the lungs, septicemic plague always develops. 
B)  Bubonic plague is transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitoes that have also bitten rats. 
C)  The causative agent of plague is a facultatively anaerobic, Gram-positive rod. 
D)  DIC causes the dusky color of skin and mucous membranes characteristic of bubonic plague. 
E)  Bubonic plague is almost always fatal. 
A)  When Yersinia pestis infects the lungs, septicemic plague always develops. 
B)  Bubonic plague is transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitoes that have also bitten rats. 
C)  The causative agent of plague is a facultatively anaerobic, Gram-positive rod. 
D)  DIC causes the dusky color of skin and mucous membranes characteristic of bubonic plague. 
E)  Bubonic plague is almost always fatal. D

Question 3

Yellow fever is transmitted by

Accepted Answer

A)  ticks. 
B)  fleas. 
C)  Aedes mosquitoes. 
D)  Anopheles mosquitoes. 
E)  lice. 
A)  ticks. 
B)  fleas. 
C)  Aedes mosquitoes. 
D)  Anopheles mosquitoes. 
E)  lice. C

Question 4

Which of the following is/are able to survive phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Brucella species AND Staphylococcus aureus. 
B)  Staphylococcus aureus AND Francisella tularensis 
C)  Brucella species AND Francisella tularensis 
D)  Francisella tularensis AND Staphylococcus epidermidis 
E)  All of these. 
A)  Brucella species AND Staphylococcus aureus. 
B)  Staphylococcus aureus AND Francisella tularensis 
C)  Brucella species AND Francisella tularensis 
D)  Francisella tularensis AND Staphylococcus epidermidis 
E)  All of these.

Question 5

You go hiking in the woods with some of your classmates. A few days after the hike, your friend Alice calls to tell you she is not feeling well and that she is going to skip soccer practice that evening. She says she has a weird rash on her leg and wonders if she was bitten by a spider while your were hiking. She sends you a photo of the rash. You are in your final semester of nursing school and have recently studied disease of the cardiovascular system. You think that the rash that Alice has is a sign of Lyme disease, and offer to take her to the urgent care to get medical help. While you are waiting to see a clinician, you review answer Alice's questions about Lyme disease.
-What causes the characteristic erythema migrans of Lyme disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  After a person acquires the causative bacteria by eating contaminated meat, the bacteria migrate to the skin in a corkscrew-like motion, killing host cells as they move and causing the bull's-eye rash. 
B)  After being introduced into the skin by the bite of an infected tick, the Gram-negative bacteria migrate outward in a circular manner; the LPS in their outer layer causes an inflammatory reaction. 
C)  After being introduced into the skin by the bite of an infected mosquito, the Gram-positive bacteria migrate outward in a corkscrew-like manner; the NAGs and NAMs in their cell wall causes an inflammatory reaction. 
D)  Borrelia bergdorferi cells propel themselves from host cell to host cell using actin tails, in a manner similar to Shigella cells. As they move, the bacteria destroy the host cells, causing the characteristic rash. 
E)  Borrelia bergdorferi is an encapsulated organism. The capsule of these cells is composed of hyaluronic acid that causes a widespread inflammatory response in the skin of the host that manifests as a rash. 
A)  After a person acquires the causative bacteria by eating contaminated meat, the bacteria migrate to the skin in a corkscrew-like motion, killing host cells as they move and causing the bull's-eye rash. 
B)  After being introduced into the skin by the bite of an infected tick, the Gram-negative bacteria migrate outward in a circular manner; the LPS in their outer layer causes an inflammatory reaction. 
C)  After being introduced into the skin by the bite of an infected mosquito, the Gram-positive bacteria migrate outward in a corkscrew-like manner; the NAGs and NAMs in their cell wall causes an inflammatory reaction. 
D)  Borrelia bergdorferi cells propel themselves from host cell to host cell using actin tails, in a manner similar to Shigella cells. As they move, the bacteria destroy the host cells, causing the characteristic rash. 
E)  Borrelia bergdorferi is an encapsulated organism. The capsule of these cells is composed of hyaluronic acid that causes a widespread inflammatory response in the skin of the host that manifests as a rash.

Question 6

Why might the Yersinia pestis from a patient with pneumonic plague be more dangerous than the same organism from fleas?

Accepted Answer

A)  The organism mutates in a person with pneumonic plague, so is more dangerous. 
B)  The organism involved in pneumonic plague is resistant to multiple antibiotics. 
C)  The organism acquired this way is already fully virulent, so is especially dangerous. 
D)  Y. pestis in the lungs has a polysaccharide capsule while that in fleas does not. 
E)  These are all True. 
A)  The organism mutates in a person with pneumonic plague, so is more dangerous. 
B)  The organism involved in pneumonic plague is resistant to multiple antibiotics. 
C)  The organism acquired this way is already fully virulent, so is especially dangerous. 
D)  Y. pestis in the lungs has a polysaccharide capsule while that in fleas does not. 
E)  These are all True.

Question 7

Two people are brought to the Emergency Department where you work. The first patient reports fever, abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. The second patient appears extremely ill. Her family tells you that she also had gastrointestinal signs and symptoms a few days ago. She has now developed severe skin blistering, has a very high fever and is only semi-conscious. When you question the first patient and the family of the second patient, you discover that they know each other and that they have all recently returned from a beach vacation in a major city on the U.S. Gulf Coast. The group tells you that the enjoyed a raw oyster dinner on the last day of their summer vacation. They think that both patients are probably just allergic to seafood, but given the severity of the signs and symptoms of your patients, you suspect that they may have Vibrio vulnificus infection. Lab tests confirm your suspicion. You give the families information on this disease.
-Which of the statements regarding Vibrio vulnificus infection and its causative agent is False?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vibrio vulnificus is a Gram-negative, motile, curved, rod-shaped bacterium that is related to V. cholerae but lacks a capsule. 
B)  V. vulnificus releases degradative enzymes as well as toxins in a coordinated manner, controlled by a quorum-sensing mechanism. 
C)  V. vulnificus produces endotoxin, which causes an uncontrolled inflammatory response that leads to endotoxic shock. 
D)  In most people, V. vulnificus causes fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, but immunocompromised people are at risk of developing sepsis. 
E)  V. vulnificus produces a cytotoxin called RTX that kills epithelial cells by forming pores in their membranes. 
A)  Vibrio vulnificus is a Gram-negative, motile, curved, rod-shaped bacterium that is related to V. cholerae but lacks a capsule. 
B)  V. vulnificus releases degradative enzymes as well as toxins in a coordinated manner, controlled by a quorum-sensing mechanism. 
C)  V. vulnificus produces endotoxin, which causes an uncontrolled inflammatory response that leads to endotoxic shock. 
D)  In most people, V. vulnificus causes fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, but immunocompromised people are at risk of developing sepsis. 
E)  V. vulnificus produces a cytotoxin called RTX that kills epithelial cells by forming pores in their membranes.

Question 8

The causative agent of plague is

Accepted Answer

A)  Yersinia pestis. 
B)  Vibrio cholerae. 
C)  Staphylococcus aureus. 
D)  Brucella abortus. 
E)  Infected fleas. 
A)  Yersinia pestis. 
B)  Vibrio cholerae. 
C)  Staphylococcus aureus. 
D)  Brucella abortus. 
E)  Infected fleas.

Question 9

Yersinia pestis typically contains

Accepted Answer

A)  one plasmid. 
B)  two plasmids. 
C)  three plasmids. 
D)  four plasmids. 
E)  no plasmids. 
A)  one plasmid. 
B)  two plasmids. 
C)  three plasmids. 
D)  four plasmids. 
E)  no plasmids.

Question 10

The major virulence factors of Yersinia pestis (capsule and Yops) are carried on

Accepted Answer

A)  the chromosome. 
B)  a plasmid. 
C)  three separate plasmids. 
D)  the nuclear membrane. 
E)  the chromosome AND plasmids. 
A)  the chromosome. 
B)  a plasmid. 
C)  three separate plasmids. 
D)  the nuclear membrane. 
E)  the chromosome AND plasmids.

Question 11

Which of the following is/are the modes of transmission for T. francisella?

Accepted Answer

A)  By inhalation 
B)  Through minor cuts or abrasions 
C)  Via ingestion of contaminated meat 
D)  By tick bites 
E)  All of these 
A)  By inhalation 
B)  Through minor cuts or abrasions 
C)  Via ingestion of contaminated meat 
D)  By tick bites 
E)  All of these

Question 12

Which of the following may be transmitted by saliva?

Accepted Answer

A)  Infectious mononucleosis 
B)  Dengue fever 
C)  Plague 
D)  Yellow fever 
E)  Chikungunya 
A)  Infectious mononucleosis 
B)  Dengue fever 
C)  Plague 
D)  Yellow fever 
E)  Chikungunya

Question 13

The spleen, in part, functions to cleanse the

Accepted Answer

A)  blood. 
B)  lymph. 
C)  interstitial fluid. 
D)  cytoplasm. 
E)  fluid. 
A)  blood. 
B)  lymph. 
C)  interstitial fluid. 
D)  cytoplasm. 
E)  fluid.

Question 14

Sepsis is only caused by Gram-negative bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

You go hiking in the woods with some of your classmates. A few days after the hike, your friend Alice calls to tell you she is not feeling well and that she is going to skip soccer practice that evening. She says she has a weird rash on her leg and wonders if she was bitten by a spider while your were hiking. She sends you a photo of the rash. You are in your final semester of nursing school and have recently studied disease of the cardiovascular system. You think that the rash that Alice has is a sign of Lyme disease, and offer to take her to the urgent care to get medical help. While you are waiting to see a clinician, you review answer Alice's questions about Lyme disease.
-Why is it more difficult to treat a late persistent Lyme infection than an early disseminated Lyme infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  The bacteria have developed resistance to multiple antibiotics by the late stage of the disease, so it is difficult to effectively treat a person. 
B)  A person with Lyme disease develops resistance to multiple antibiotics throughout the course of the disease, so treating them in the late stage of the disease becomes challenging. 
C)  Borrelia bergdorferi produces extremely resistant endospores in the late stage of the disease. Once these have been formed, it is very difficult to treat the disease. 
D)  The bacteria are no longer dividing in the late stage of Lyme disease, and as antibiotics only work against actively dividing bacteria, they are less effective at this stage. 
E)  Borrelia bergdorferi forms dense biofilms under the skin of infected people in the late stage of the disease. Bacteria within biofilms are protected from the effects of antibiotics and are difficult to kill. 
A)  The bacteria have developed resistance to multiple antibiotics by the late stage of the disease, so it is difficult to effectively treat a person. 
B)  A person with Lyme disease develops resistance to multiple antibiotics throughout the course of the disease, so treating them in the late stage of the disease becomes challenging. 
C)  Borrelia bergdorferi produces extremely resistant endospores in the late stage of the disease. Once these have been formed, it is very difficult to treat the disease. 
D)  The bacteria are no longer dividing in the late stage of Lyme disease, and as antibiotics only work against actively dividing bacteria, they are less effective at this stage. 
E)  Borrelia bergdorferi forms dense biofilms under the skin of infected people in the late stage of the disease. Bacteria within biofilms are protected from the effects of antibiotics and are difficult to kill.

Question 16

The scientist responsible for the development of the first anti-plague vaccine in 1866 was

Accepted Answer

A)  Alexandre Yersin. 
B)  Robert Koch. 
C)  Louis Pasteur. 
D)  Josef Marburg. 
E)  Barbara McClintock. 
A)  Alexandre Yersin. 
B)  Robert Koch. 
C)  Louis Pasteur. 
D)  Josef Marburg. 
E)  Barbara McClintock.

Question 17

The unique characteristic of Lyme disease is

Accepted Answer

A)  erythema migrans. 
B)  induration. 
C)  carbuncle. 
D)  furuncle. 
E)  rash on palms. 
A)  erythema migrans. 
B)  induration. 
C)  carbuncle. 
D)  furuncle. 
E)  rash on palms.

Question 18

The condition that develops on a previously damaged heart valve is called

Accepted Answer

A)  an aneurysm. 
B)  acute bacterial endocarditis. 
C)  infective endocarditis. 
D)  myocarditis. 
E)  effective endocarditis. 
A)  an aneurysm. 
B)  acute bacterial endocarditis. 
C)  infective endocarditis. 
D)  myocarditis. 
E)  effective endocarditis.

Question 19

The plague bacillus is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  Plasmodium vivax. 
B)  Pneumocystis carinii. 
C)  Streptococcus pyogenes. 
D)  Yersinia pestis. 
E)  Bacillus anthracis. 
A)  Plasmodium vivax. 
B)  Pneumocystis carinii. 
C)  Streptococcus pyogenes. 
D)  Yersinia pestis. 
E)  Bacillus anthracis.

Question 20

The stage of Lyme disease that is characterized by arthritis is the

Accepted Answer

A)  primary. 
B)  third. 
C)  second. 
D)  fourth. 
E)  intermediate. 
A)  primary. 
B)  third. 
C)  second. 
D)  fourth. 
E)  intermediate.

Exam 25: Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Both malaria and yellow fever are transmitted by mosquitoes.

Select the statement about plague that is True.

Yellow fever is transmitted by

Which of the following is/are able to survive phagocytosis?

Why might the Yersinia pestis from a patient with pneumonic plague be more dangerous than the same organism from fleas?

The causative agent of plague is

Yersinia pestis typically contains

The major virulence factors of Yersinia pestis (capsule and Yops) are carried on

Which of the following is/are the modes of transmission for T. francisella?

Which of the following may be transmitted by saliva?

The spleen, in part, functions to cleanse the

Sepsis is only caused by Gram-negative bacteria.

The scientist responsible for the development of the first anti-plague vaccine in 1866 was

The unique characteristic of Lyme disease is

The condition that develops on a previously damaged heart valve is called

The plague bacillus is known as

The stage of Lyme disease that is characterized by arthritis is the

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Microscopy and Cell Structure

Dynamics of Microbial Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, from DNA to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology

Identifying and Classifying Microorganisms

The Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunological Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Nervous System Infections

Genitourinary Tract Infections

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

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