Exam 14: The Innate Immune Response

A cell infected by viruses may die due to the actions of interferons. The same result would occur WITHOUT interferon-any cell infected by a virus would die directly from the virus. Is there any apparent benefit to the host organism from the interferon action?

How are macrophages and neutrophils similar, and how are they different?

Skin and mucous membranes are mostly involved in

Following digestion of a microorganism by phagocytes, the debris is excreted by

Given what you understand about inflammation, why do you think a person with LAD experiences neutrophilia (high numbers of neutrophils in the blood)?

Phagocytes were first discovered and named by

Which of the following cytokines is most antiviral in its action?

What two functions do phagocytes serve in immune responses?

Which of the following are enzymes found in neutrophil granules, saliva, and milk that react with hydrogen peroxide to form antimicrobial compounds?

The cells responsible for adaptive immunity are the

Toll-like receptors

Given the name "leukocyte adhesion deficiency," which of the following steps in the inflammation process given below do you think is/are not carried out in a person with this condition? 1) Tight junctions between endothelial cells are disrupted, allowing fluid to leak from the vessels into the tissue. 2) The phagocytes bind to the endothelial cells and exit the blood vessel by a process called diapedesis. 3) Once in the tissues, phagocytic cells engulf and destroy any microbial invaders. 4) The increase of fluids in the tissues causes the swelling and pain associated with inflammation. 5) The diameter of local blood vessels increases due to the action of inflammatory mediators.

Interferons, complement, lysozyme, and lactoferrin are all examples of

White blood cells also called leukocytes are important in immunity.

During apoptosis, a cell will

Please select the True statement regarding Toll-like receptors (TLRs).

All pathways of complement activation follow the same sequence after C3.

The body's own cells do not trigger the alternative pathway of complement system activation. Why is this?

Interferons function to make cells

Which of the following is NOT True of neutrophils?