Question 1

Bites by little children typically cause few problems.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

The nodular, red, translucent surface material of a healing wound is called

Accepted Answer

A)  soluble skin. 
B)  irritated scab. 
C)  granulation tissue. 
D)  abscess. 
E)  collagen. 
A)  soluble skin. 
B)  irritated scab. 
C)  granulation tissue. 
D)  abscess. 
E)  collagen. C

Question 3

Rat bite fever, characterized by fever, rash, and muscle aches, is caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  Streptobacillus moniliformis. 
B)  Afipia felis. 
C)  Bartonella henselae. 
D)  Pasteurella multocida. 
E)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 
A)  Streptobacillus moniliformis. 
B)  Afipia felis. 
C)  Bartonella henselae. 
D)  Pasteurella multocida. 
E)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A

Question 4

Which characteristic(s) is/are NOT common to C. tetani and C. perfringens?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are obligate anaerobes. 
B)  They are spore-formers. 
C)  They are Gram-positive bacteria. 
D)  They produce A-B toxins. 
E)  They are rod-shaped. 
A)  They are obligate anaerobes. 
B)  They are spore-formers. 
C)  They are Gram-positive bacteria. 
D)  They produce A-B toxins. 
E)  They are rod-shaped.

Question 5

Choose one False statement about the treatment of clostridial myonecrosis.

Accepted Answer

A)  Placing a person with gangrene in a hyperbaric chamber always eliminates the need for debridement and/or amputation. 
B)  High doses of antibiotics, often a combination of penicillin and clindamycin, are given to help stop bacterial growth and toxin production. 
C)  Prompt debridement of all dead and infected tissues is essential; in some cases amputation is also necessary. 
D)  Antibiotic treatment of clostridial myonecrosis is challenging because antibiotics do not diffuse well into necrotic tissue. 
E)  Antibiotic treatment of clostridial myonecrosis stops bacterial growth but has no impact on any toxin already produced by the causative agent. 
A)  Placing a person with gangrene in a hyperbaric chamber always eliminates the need for debridement and/or amputation. 
B)  High doses of antibiotics, often a combination of penicillin and clindamycin, are given to help stop bacterial growth and toxin production. 
C)  Prompt debridement of all dead and infected tissues is essential; in some cases amputation is also necessary. 
D)  Antibiotic treatment of clostridial myonecrosis is challenging because antibiotics do not diffuse well into necrotic tissue. 
E)  Antibiotic treatment of clostridial myonecrosis stops bacterial growth but has no impact on any toxin already produced by the causative agent.

Question 6

A localized collection of pus in a wound is termed a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  leukocyte. 
B)  dead tissue. 
C)  granulation mound. 
D)  abscess. 
E)  scab. 
A)  leukocyte. 
B)  dead tissue. 
C)  granulation mound. 
D)  abscess. 
E)  scab.

Question 7

How is Staphylococcus aureus distinguished from Staphylococcus epidermidis?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is Gram-positive. 
B)  It is spherical in shape. 
C)  It is an opportunistic pathogen. 
D)  S. aureus produces coagulase. 
E)  It does not produce coagulase. 
A)  It is Gram-positive. 
B)  It is spherical in shape. 
C)  It is an opportunistic pathogen. 
D)  S. aureus produces coagulase. 
E)  It does not produce coagulase.

Question 8

The researcher who did much of the early work on Clostridium tetani was

Accepted Answer

A)  von Behring. 
B)  Koch. 
C)  Kitasato. 
D)  Pasteur. 
E)  Clouseau. 
A)  von Behring. 
B)  Koch. 
C)  Kitasato. 
D)  Pasteur. 
E)  Clouseau.

Question 9

Your patient had abdominal surgery three days ago. She seemed to be doing well after the surgery, but today the skin around the surgical incision is red and swollen. In addition,  your patient has a high fever and is complaining of muscle aches. She also has a rash and has diarrhea. You realize that her wound has become infected, despite your best efforts as a nurse, and you are concerned that she has developed toxic shock syndrome. You explain the details of this type of infection to the patient's family.

-You are extremely concerned, because the laboratory reports that the organism cultured from your patient's wound is capable of digesting collagen and fibronectin. Why are you worried about this?

Accepted Answer

A)  These are structural components of tissue. Their digestion means that not only could the organisms spread easily, but also important structures such as tendons could be destroyed. 
B)  This would indicate that the organism is capable of forming biofilms and it is very difficult to eliminate biofilms once they have developed, because of resistance. 
C)  This would indicate that the bacterium is a lysogen, containing viral DNA conferring new characteristics on the organism. Bacteriophages pose an additional health risk to your patient. 
D)  These are structural components specifically of the heart. Their digestion means that the patient is at risk of heart failure, which will prove fatal. 
E)  This would indicate that the pathogen has the ability to break down activated complement proteins, thereby avoiding the innate immune defenses and allowing it to persist. 
A)  These are structural components of tissue. Their digestion means that not only could the organisms spread easily, but also important structures such as tendons could be destroyed. 
B)  This would indicate that the organism is capable of forming biofilms and it is very difficult to eliminate biofilms once they have developed, because of resistance. 
C)  This would indicate that the bacterium is a lysogen, containing viral DNA conferring new characteristics on the organism. Bacteriophages pose an additional health risk to your patient. 
D)  These are structural components specifically of the heart. Their digestion means that the patient is at risk of heart failure, which will prove fatal. 
E)  This would indicate that the pathogen has the ability to break down activated complement proteins, thereby avoiding the innate immune defenses and allowing it to persist.

Question 10

Clostridium tetani is a highly invasive pathogen that causes tetanus, characterized by spastic paralysis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Wound healing can be slowed by the presence of

Accepted Answer

A)  normal microbiota. 
B)  foreign matter. 
C)  antiseptic ointments. 
D)  sweat. 
E)  sweat AND normal microbiota. 
A)  normal microbiota. 
B)  foreign matter. 
C)  antiseptic ointments. 
D)  sweat. 
E)  sweat AND normal microbiota.

Question 12

Which of the following virulence factors has been associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

Accepted Answer

A)  Endotoxin A 
B)  Exoenzyme S 
C)  Pyogenic exotoxin 
D)  Endoenzyme T 
E)  Exoenzyme P 
A)  Endotoxin A 
B)  Exoenzyme S 
C)  Pyogenic exotoxin 
D)  Endoenzyme T 
E)  Exoenzyme P

Question 13

Which of the following help(s) S. pyogenes evade the immune system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyaluronic acid capsule 
B)  M protein 
C)  G protein 
D)  G protein AND hyaluronic acid capsule 
E)  M protein AND hyaluronic acid capsule 
A)  Hyaluronic acid capsule 
B)  M protein 
C)  G protein 
D)  G protein AND hyaluronic acid capsule 
E)  M protein AND hyaluronic acid capsule

Question 14

Select the True statement regarding clostridial myonecrosis.

Accepted Answer

A)  Clostridium perfringens infects healthy tissue and grows easily in well oxygenated tissues. 
B)  The causative agent produces α-toxin, an A-B toxin that destroys lecithin in host cell membranes, leading to cell lysis. 
C)  Hyperbaric chambers may be used to treat patients with gangrene-high levels of O₂ reduce anaerobic conditions in the tissues. 
D)  Prevention of clostridial myonecrosis can be achieved with the DCTaP vaccine. 
E)  C. perfringens is an endospore-forming organism, and produces large number of spores in wounds or cultures. 
A)  Clostridium perfringens infects healthy tissue and grows easily in well oxygenated tissues. 
B)  The causative agent produces α-toxin, an A-B toxin that destroys lecithin in host cell membranes, leading to cell lysis. 
C)  Hyperbaric chambers may be used to treat patients with gangrene-high levels of O₂ reduce anaerobic conditions in the tissues. 
D)  Prevention of clostridial myonecrosis can be achieved with the DCTaP vaccine. 
E)  C. perfringens is an endospore-forming organism, and produces large number of spores in wounds or cultures.

Question 15

You are looking after your sister's cat Singa. While playing one evening, Singa accidentally bites you instead of the toy mouse you are holding. The bite wound is very small but is in the fleshy part of your hand. You wash the wound, which is not bleeding much, and put a band aid on it. The next day, your whole hand is red, swollen, and painful, and some lymph nodes in your arm are enlarged and tender. You call your sister, who is an RN. She urges you to go to the doctor, telling you that animal bites can sometimes be infected, and that if that is the case, you will need treatment before the infection gets any worse.
-The PA goes on to explain that cat bite infections and bartonellosis (cat scratch disease) differ in that

Accepted Answer

A)  P. multicoda is a Gram-positive organism while B. henselae is a Gram-negative organism. 
B)  P. multicoda is transmitted by cat bites, while B. henselae may be transmitted by bites or scratches. 
C)  P. multicoda may be transmitted form person-to-person while B. henselae can only be transmitted by cat bites. 
D)  the virulence factors of P. multicoda are as yet unknown while B. henselae has an antiphagocytic capsule. 
E)  cat bite infections can be prevented with prophylactic antibiotics while bartonellosis may be prevented with an attenuated vaccine. 
A)  P. multicoda is a Gram-positive organism while B. henselae is a Gram-negative organism. 
B)  P. multicoda is transmitted by cat bites, while B. henselae may be transmitted by bites or scratches. 
C)  P. multicoda may be transmitted form person-to-person while B. henselae can only be transmitted by cat bites. 
D)  the virulence factors of P. multicoda are as yet unknown while B. henselae has an antiphagocytic capsule. 
E)  cat bite infections can be prevented with prophylactic antibiotics while bartonellosis may be prevented with an attenuated vaccine.

Question 16

The most common cause of chronic lymph node enlargement at a localized body site in young children is

Accepted Answer

A)  cat scratch fever. 
B)  rat bite fever. 
C)  dead bat fever. 
D)  mouse itch fever. 
E)  dog scuff fever. 
A)  cat scratch fever. 
B)  rat bite fever. 
C)  dead bat fever. 
D)  mouse itch fever. 
E)  dog scuff fever.

Question 17

Which of the following produces a greenish pigment that may appear in infected wounds?

Accepted Answer

A)  P. aeruginosa 
B)  E. coli 
C)  S. aureus 
D)  S. pyogenes 
E)  E. aerogenes 
A)  P. aeruginosa 
B)  E. coli 
C)  S. aureus 
D)  S. pyogenes 
E)  E. aerogenes

Question 18

A wound created by the drag of a knife across skin can be classified as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  incision. 
B)  puncture. 
C)  laceration. 
D)  contusion. 
E)  abrasion. 
A)  incision. 
B)  puncture. 
C)  laceration. 
D)  contusion. 
E)  abrasion.

Question 19

You are looking after your sister's cat Singa. While playing one evening, Singa accidentally bites you instead of the toy mouse you are holding. The bite wound is very small but is in the fleshy part of your hand. You wash the wound, which is not bleeding much, and put a band aid on it. The next day, your whole hand is red, swollen, and painful, and some lymph nodes in your arm are enlarged and tender. You call your sister, who is an RN. She urges you to go to the doctor, telling you that animal bites can sometimes be infected, and that if that is the case, you will need treatment before the infection gets any worse.
-You go to the urgent care in your neighborhood. There, a physician's assistant (PA) tells you that wounds caused by animal bites (especially cats) can be infected with

Accepted Answer

A)  Pasteurella multocida AND Streptobacillus moniliformis. 
B)  Staphylococcus aureus AND Streptobacillus moniliformis. 
C)  Streptococcus epidermidis AND Streptobacillus moniliformis. 
D)  Pasteurella multocida OR Bartonella henselae. 
E)  Bartonella henselae OR Streptobacillus moniliformis. 
A)  Pasteurella multocida AND Streptobacillus moniliformis. 
B)  Staphylococcus aureus AND Streptobacillus moniliformis. 
C)  Streptococcus epidermidis AND Streptobacillus moniliformis. 
D)  Pasteurella multocida OR Bartonella henselae. 
E)  Bartonella henselae OR Streptobacillus moniliformis.

Question 20

Both Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes

Accepted Answer

A)  are rod-shaped. 
B)  have fibronectin-binding proteins. 
C)  cause necrotizing fasciitis. 
D)  have exotoxin A. 
E)  are coagulase positive. 
A)  are rod-shaped. 
B)  have fibronectin-binding proteins. 
C)  cause necrotizing fasciitis. 
D)  have exotoxin A. 
E)  are coagulase positive.

Exam 23: Wound Infections

Bites by little children typically cause few problems.

The nodular, red, translucent surface material of a healing wound is called

Rat bite fever, characterized by fever, rash, and muscle aches, is caused by

Which characteristic(s) is/are NOT common to C. tetani and C. perfringens?

Choose one False statement about the treatment of clostridial myonecrosis.

A localized collection of pus in a wound is termed a(n)

How is Staphylococcus aureus distinguished from Staphylococcus epidermidis?

The researcher who did much of the early work on Clostridium tetani was

Clostridium tetani is a highly invasive pathogen that causes tetanus, characterized by spastic paralysis.

Wound healing can be slowed by the presence of

Which of the following virulence factors has been associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

Which of the following help(s) S. pyogenes evade the immune system?

Select the True statement regarding clostridial myonecrosis.

The most common cause of chronic lymph node enlargement at a localized body site in young children is

Which of the following produces a greenish pigment that may appear in infected wounds?

A wound created by the drag of a knife across skin can be classified as a(n)

Both Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Microscopy and Cell Structure

Dynamics of Microbial Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, from DNA to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology

Identifying and Classifying Microorganisms

The Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunological Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Digestive System Infections

Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Nervous System Infections

Genitourinary Tract Infections

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

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