Question 1

Factor(s) not found in abscesses is/are

Accepted Answer

A)  blood vessels. 
B)  pus. 
C)  dead leukocytes. 
D)  tissue remnants. 
E)  live leukocytes. 
A)  blood vessels. 
B)  pus. 
C)  dead leukocytes. 
D)  tissue remnants. 
E)  live leukocytes.

Question 2

"Flesh-eating" Streptococcus pyogenes is considered a newly emerging disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Both Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes have fibronectin-binding proteins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The normal habitat of Clostridium tetani is

Accepted Answer

A)  humans. 
B)  animals. 
C)  plants. 
D)  soil and dust. 
E)  dairy products. 
A)  humans. 
B)  animals. 
C)  plants. 
D)  soil and dust. 
E)  dairy products.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the causative agent of necrotizing fasciitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  β-hemolytic, Gram-negative, spore-forming, obligate anaerobe 
B)  β-hemolytic, Gram-positive, chain-forming, aerotolerant anaerobe 
C)  Encapsulated, Gram-negative, chain-forming, facultative aerobe 
D)  Encapsulated, Gram-negative, spore-forming, facultative aerobe 
E)  Encapsulated, acid-fast, chain-forming, facultative anaerobe 
A)  β-hemolytic, Gram-negative, spore-forming, obligate anaerobe 
B)  β-hemolytic, Gram-positive, chain-forming, aerotolerant anaerobe 
C)  Encapsulated, Gram-negative, chain-forming, facultative aerobe 
D)  Encapsulated, Gram-negative, spore-forming, facultative aerobe 
E)  Encapsulated, acid-fast, chain-forming, facultative anaerobe

Question 6

Individuals who have recovered from tetanus are not immune to the disease and must be immunized.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

You are looking after your sister's cat Singa. While playing one evening, Singa accidentally bites you instead of the toy mouse you are holding. The bite wound is very small but is in the fleshy part of your hand. You wash the wound, which is not bleeding much, and put a band aid on it. The next day, your whole hand is red, swollen, and painful, and some lymph nodes in your arm are enlarged and tender. You call your sister, who is an RN. She urges you to go to the doctor, telling you that animal bites can sometimes be infected, and that if that is the case, you will need treatment before the infection gets any worse.
-You review what the PA has told you about bartonellosis with your sister. She tells you that one statement made by the PA is incorrect. Identify that statement.

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a common cause of chronic lymph node enlargement in children. 
B)  It can cause serious illness in immunocompromised people such as those with AIDS. 
C)  It can affect the brain or heart valves in a small number of cases. 
D)  Cat scratches are the only mode of transmission to humans. 
E)  Bartonellosis does not spread from person to person. 
A)  It is a common cause of chronic lymph node enlargement in children. 
B)  It can cause serious illness in immunocompromised people such as those with AIDS. 
C)  It can affect the brain or heart valves in a small number of cases. 
D)  Cat scratches are the only mode of transmission to humans. 
E)  Bartonellosis does not spread from person to person.

Question 8

An abscess is a collection of pus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Tetanus prevents the release of neurotransmitters from

Accepted Answer

A)  muscle cells. 
B)  excitatory neurons. 
C)  tetano cells. 
D)  inhibitory neurons. 
E)  muscle cells AND tetano cells. 
A)  muscle cells. 
B)  excitatory neurons. 
C)  tetano cells. 
D)  inhibitory neurons. 
E)  muscle cells AND tetano cells.

Question 10

It is possible to cultivate Clostridium tetani from a wound, even if the affected person does not have tetanus. How can this be explained?

Accepted Answer

A)  If Clostridium tetani is cultured from a wound, the person MUST have tetanus. However, in some people the signs and symptoms of tetanus are extremely mild, so it can be difficult to detect the disease in them. 
B)  Clostridium tetani may be growing vigorously in the wound. However, the organism only produces tetanospasmin if the person's immune system is compromised, so a healthy person may not develop the disease. 
C)  The wound may contain spores that can be germinated under appropriate conditions in culture. However, they will not germinate in a wound unless it is anaerobic. Since the spores themselves do not produce toxin, their presence does not lead to tetanus. 
D)  Clostridium tetani is part of the normal microbiota of the integumentary, cardiovascular, and lymphatic systems. It makes sense that it would be possible to culture the organism from a wound, even in a healthy person. 
E)   None of these adequately explains how C. tetani can be cultured from the wound of a healthy person. 
A)  If Clostridium tetani is cultured from a wound, the person MUST have tetanus. However, in some people the signs and symptoms of tetanus are extremely mild, so it can be difficult to detect the disease in them. 
B)  Clostridium tetani may be growing vigorously in the wound. However, the organism only produces tetanospasmin if the person's immune system is compromised, so a healthy person may not develop the disease. 
C)  The wound may contain spores that can be germinated under appropriate conditions in culture. However, they will not germinate in a wound unless it is anaerobic. Since the spores themselves do not produce toxin, their presence does not lead to tetanus. 
D)  Clostridium tetani is part of the normal microbiota of the integumentary, cardiovascular, and lymphatic systems. It makes sense that it would be possible to culture the organism from a wound, even in a healthy person. 
E)   None of these adequately explains how C. tetani can be cultured from the wound of a healthy person.

Question 11

Select the True statement regarding staphylococci and staphylococcal wound infections.

Accepted Answer

A)  Staphylococcus aureus forms biofilms but lacks virulence factors and is not very pathogenic. 
B)  Staphylococcus epidermidis produces several virulence factors, including exotoxins. 
C)  Both HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA are resistant to multiple antibiotics, including sulfa drugs and tetracyclines. 
D)  Some S. epidermisis strains produce superantigens that activate many helper T cells, causing a cytokine storm. 
E)  S. aureus and S. epidermidis are both coagulase-positive, encapsulated organisms. 
A)  Staphylococcus aureus forms biofilms but lacks virulence factors and is not very pathogenic. 
B)  Staphylococcus epidermidis produces several virulence factors, including exotoxins. 
C)  Both HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA are resistant to multiple antibiotics, including sulfa drugs and tetracyclines. 
D)  Some S. epidermisis strains produce superantigens that activate many helper T cells, causing a cytokine storm. 
E)  S. aureus and S. epidermidis are both coagulase-positive, encapsulated organisms.

Question 12

Antibiotics are given to a person with gas gangrene to

Accepted Answer

A)  improve oxygenation in the affected tissues. 
B)  prevent additional toxin production. 
C)  stop bacterial growth AND neutralize α-toxin. 
D)  stop bacterial growth AND prevent additional toxin production. 
E)  neutralize α-toxin AND improve oxygenation in the affected tissues. 
A)  improve oxygenation in the affected tissues. 
B)  prevent additional toxin production. 
C)  stop bacterial growth AND neutralize α-toxin. 
D)  stop bacterial growth AND prevent additional toxin production. 
E)  neutralize α-toxin AND improve oxygenation in the affected tissues.

Question 13

Which is True of leukocidins?

Accepted Answer

A)  They kill neutrophils. 
B)  They are superantigens. 
C)  They make holes in host cell membranes. 
D)  They bind to Fc regions of antibodies. 
E)  They destroy erythrocytes. 
A)  They kill neutrophils. 
B)  They are superantigens. 
C)  They make holes in host cell membranes. 
D)  They bind to Fc regions of antibodies. 
E)  They destroy erythrocytes.

Question 14

Cat scratch fever is caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  Bartonella henselae. 
B)  Pasteurella multocida. 
C)  Teddis nugentaea. 
D)  Staphylococcus aureus. 
E)  Pseudomonis aeruginosa. 
A)  Bartonella henselae. 
B)  Pasteurella multocida. 
C)  Teddis nugentaea. 
D)  Staphylococcus aureus. 
E)  Pseudomonis aeruginosa.

Question 15

What is NOT a reason why an abscessed wound might not respond to antibiotic treatment?

Accepted Answer

A)  The bacteria within the abscess have stopped replicating, and many antibiotics require actively replicating cells in order to be effective. 
B)  The blood vessels that would bring the drug to the area have been destroyed or have clots, preventing the drug from getting to the microbes. 
C)  The chemical composition of the pus in the abscess often inactivates antibiotics, making them ineffective. 
D)  These are all reasons that it might be difficult to treat an abscess. 
E)  The bacteria in an abscess always acquire multi-drug antibiotic resistance, so any drugs that are used will have no effect. 
A)  The bacteria within the abscess have stopped replicating, and many antibiotics require actively replicating cells in order to be effective. 
B)  The blood vessels that would bring the drug to the area have been destroyed or have clots, preventing the drug from getting to the microbes. 
C)  The chemical composition of the pus in the abscess often inactivates antibiotics, making them ineffective. 
D)  These are all reasons that it might be difficult to treat an abscess. 
E)  The bacteria in an abscess always acquire multi-drug antibiotic resistance, so any drugs that are used will have no effect.

Question 16

Your patient had abdominal surgery three days ago. She seemed to be doing well after the surgery, but today the skin around the surgical incision is red and swollen. In addition,  your patient has a high fever and is complaining of muscle aches. She also has a rash and has diarrhea. You realize that her wound has become infected, despite your best efforts as a nurse, and you are concerned that she has developed toxic shock syndrome. You explain the details of this type of infection to the patient's family.

-The fact that your patient has a high fever, a rash and muscle aches suggests the possibility of toxic shock syndrome, which means that the causative agent of her infection is

Accepted Answer

A)  an endotoxin-producing S. aureus strain. 
B)  a toxin-producing S. epidermidis strain. 
C)  producing a capsule and forming a biofilm. 
D)  a superantigen-producing S. aureus strain. 
E)  a superantigen-producing S. epidermidis strain. 
A)  an endotoxin-producing S. aureus strain. 
B)  a toxin-producing S. epidermidis strain. 
C)  producing a capsule and forming a biofilm. 
D)  a superantigen-producing S. aureus strain. 
E)  a superantigen-producing S. epidermidis strain.

Question 17

All staphylococci are coagulase positive.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The disease that involves the muscles and often manifests itself first with spasms of the jaw muscles is

Accepted Answer

A)  tetanus. 
B)  myonecrosis. 
C)  streptobacillarosis. 
D)  necrotizing fasciitis. 
E)  sporotrichosis. 
A)  tetanus. 
B)  myonecrosis. 
C)  streptobacillarosis. 
D)  necrotizing fasciitis. 
E)  sporotrichosis.

Question 19

Tetanus antitoxin is

Accepted Answer

A)  inactivated toxin. 
B)  antibody against the toxin. 
C)  antibody against the bacteria. 
D)  inactivated bacteria. 
E)  antibody against neurotransmitter. 
A)  inactivated toxin. 
B)  antibody against the toxin. 
C)  antibody against the bacteria. 
D)  inactivated bacteria. 
E)  antibody against neurotransmitter.

Question 20

Gas gangrene is so named due to the formation of

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide AND oxygen. 
B)  oxygen AND carbon monoxide. 
C)  hydrogen AND oxygen. 
D)  carbon monoxide AND hydrogen. 
E)  carbon dioxide AND hydrogen. 
A)  carbon dioxide AND oxygen. 
B)  oxygen AND carbon monoxide. 
C)  hydrogen AND oxygen. 
D)  carbon monoxide AND hydrogen. 
E)  carbon dioxide AND hydrogen.

Exam 23: Wound Infections

Factor(s) not found in abscesses is/are

"Flesh-eating" Streptococcus pyogenes is considered a newly emerging disease.

Both Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes have fibronectin-binding proteins.

The normal habitat of Clostridium tetani is

Which of the following best describes the causative agent of necrotizing fasciitis?

Individuals who have recovered from tetanus are not immune to the disease and must be immunized.

An abscess is a collection of pus.

Tetanus prevents the release of neurotransmitters from

It is possible to cultivate Clostridium tetani from a wound, even if the affected person does not have tetanus. How can this be explained?

Select the True statement regarding staphylococci and staphylococcal wound infections.

Antibiotics are given to a person with gas gangrene to

Which is True of leukocidins?

Cat scratch fever is caused by

What is NOT a reason why an abscessed wound might not respond to antibiotic treatment?

All staphylococci are coagulase positive.

The disease that involves the muscles and often manifests itself first with spasms of the jaw muscles is

Tetanus antitoxin is

Gas gangrene is so named due to the formation of

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Microscopy and Cell Structure

Dynamics of Microbial Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, from DNA to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology

Identifying and Classifying Microorganisms

The Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunological Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Digestive System Infections

Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Nervous System Infections

Genitourinary Tract Infections

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

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