Question 1

Which of the following are involved in coating Staphylococcus with host proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  clumping factor, leukocidin, AND coagulase 
B)  coagulase AND protein A 
C)  leukocidin AND protein A 
D)  leukocidin AND coagulase 
E)  clumping factor, coagulase, AND protein A 
A)  clumping factor, leukocidin, AND coagulase 
B)  coagulase AND protein A 
C)  leukocidin AND protein A 
D)  leukocidin AND coagulase 
E)  clumping factor, coagulase, AND protein A

Question 2

Sporotrichosis may result when the infectious agent is introduced into the body by

Accepted Answer

A)  lotions. 
B)  scissors. 
C)  thorns. 
D)  animal bites. 
E)  insect bites. 
A)  lotions. 
B)  scissors. 
C)  thorns. 
D)  animal bites. 
E)  insect bites.

Question 3

A patient presents with a wound that contains green pus. This suggests to you that the wound is infected with

Accepted Answer

A)  S. epidermidis, which produces the water-soluble pigments pyoverdin and pyocyanin. 
B)  S. pyogenes, which produces a water-soluble blue-green capsule. 
C)  P. aeruginosa, which multiplies in photosynthetic biofilms that are green. 
D)  P. aeruginosa, which produces the water-soluble pigments pyoverdin and pyocyanin. 
E)  either S. epidermidis or S. aureus, both of which produce pigment soluble coagulase. 
A)  S. epidermidis, which produces the water-soluble pigments pyoverdin and pyocyanin. 
B)  S. pyogenes, which produces a water-soluble blue-green capsule. 
C)  P. aeruginosa, which multiplies in photosynthetic biofilms that are green. 
D)  P. aeruginosa, which produces the water-soluble pigments pyoverdin and pyocyanin. 
E)  either S. epidermidis or S. aureus, both of which produce pigment soluble coagulase.

Question 4

You explain general mechanisms of antibiotic resistance to your patient's family. Which of the following mechanisms is not one used by S. aureus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some bacteria produce enzymes that chemically modify a specific medication, interfering with its function. An example is the β-lactamases that inactivate different β-lactam antibiotics. 
B)  Some bacteria use efflux pumps to transport antimicrobials and other damaging compounds out of the cell. Sometimes the pumps are structurally altered, conferring resistance to several different antimicrobials simultaneously. 
C)  Some bacteria are able to make minor structural changes in the cellular target of a drug. This can prevent the medication from binding to that target, thereby protecting the organism from its effects. 
D)  Some bacteria can make changes in porin proteins of the outer membrane and can therefore prevent certain antimicrobials from entering the cell's cytoplasm. By stopping entry of an antimicrobial, an organism avoids its effects. 
E)  Resistance in S. aureus may involve any of these mechanisms. 
A)  Some bacteria produce enzymes that chemically modify a specific medication, interfering with its function. An example is the β-lactamases that inactivate different β-lactam antibiotics. 
B)  Some bacteria use efflux pumps to transport antimicrobials and other damaging compounds out of the cell. Sometimes the pumps are structurally altered, conferring resistance to several different antimicrobials simultaneously. 
C)  Some bacteria are able to make minor structural changes in the cellular target of a drug. This can prevent the medication from binding to that target, thereby protecting the organism from its effects. 
D)  Some bacteria can make changes in porin proteins of the outer membrane and can therefore prevent certain antimicrobials from entering the cell's cytoplasm. By stopping entry of an antimicrobial, an organism avoids its effects. 
E)  Resistance in S. aureus may involve any of these mechanisms.

Question 5

Why is debridement and/or amputation often needed to treat necrotizing fascitiis?

Accepted Answer

A)  These procedures remove the toxins released by the causative organisms. 
B)  These procedures remove infected tissue and thus the source of damaging bacterial toxins. 
C)  S. pyogenes multiplies in dead tissue, using the breakdown products as nutrients. 
D)  These procedures remove infected tissue and thus the source of damaging bacterial toxins AND the procedures remove the source of nutrients for multiplying bacteria. 
E)  These procedures remove the source of nutrients for multiplying bacteria AND these procedures prevent the causative agent from releasing damaging toxins and enzymes. 
A)  These procedures remove the toxins released by the causative organisms. 
B)  These procedures remove infected tissue and thus the source of damaging bacterial toxins. 
C)  S. pyogenes multiplies in dead tissue, using the breakdown products as nutrients. 
D)  These procedures remove infected tissue and thus the source of damaging bacterial toxins AND the procedures remove the source of nutrients for multiplying bacteria. 
E)  These procedures remove the source of nutrients for multiplying bacteria AND these procedures prevent the causative agent from releasing damaging toxins and enzymes.

Question 6

Why is Staphylococcus epidermidis able to colonize plastic materials used in medical procedures?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has fimbriae that allow it to attach to plastic surfaces. 
B)  It can bind to fibronectin, a blood protein that coats plastic implants. 
C)  It produces coagulase that allows it to colonize inert surfaces such as titanium. 
D)  It can produce a glycocalyx that allows it to form biofilms. 
E)  These are all factors that allow S. epidermidis to colonize implants. 
A)  It has fimbriae that allow it to attach to plastic surfaces. 
B)  It can bind to fibronectin, a blood protein that coats plastic implants. 
C)  It produces coagulase that allows it to colonize inert surfaces such as titanium. 
D)  It can produce a glycocalyx that allows it to form biofilms. 
E)  These are all factors that allow S. epidermidis to colonize implants.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT True? Microorganisms in abscesses often are not killed by antimicrobial agents because

Accepted Answer

A)  the microorganisms stop dividing. 
B)  of the high level of oxygenation. 
C)  of the chemical nature of the pus. 
D)  of the lack of blood vessels. 
E)  of innate resistance in the microbes. 
A)  the microorganisms stop dividing. 
B)  of the high level of oxygenation. 
C)  of the chemical nature of the pus. 
D)  of the lack of blood vessels. 
E)  of innate resistance in the microbes.

Question 8

Your patient had abdominal surgery three days ago. She seemed to be doing well after the surgery, but today the skin around the surgical incision is red and swollen. In addition,  your patient has a high fever and is complaining of muscle aches. She also has a rash and has diarrhea. You realize that her wound has become infected, despite your best efforts as a nurse, and you are concerned that she has developed toxic shock syndrome. You explain the details of this type of infection to the patient's family.

-Wound infections are commonly caused by Staphylococcus species, common inhabitants of the nostrils and the skin. These organisms are

Accepted Answer

A)  Gram-positive, pyrogenic, facultative anaerobes. 
B)  Gram-negative, pyogenic, facultative anaerobes. 
C)  Gram-positive, pyogenic, obligate aerobes. 
D)  Acid-fast, pyrogenic, obligate aerobes. 
E)  Gram-positive, pyogenic, facultative anaerobes. 
A)  Gram-positive, pyrogenic, facultative anaerobes. 
B)  Gram-negative, pyogenic, facultative anaerobes. 
C)  Gram-positive, pyogenic, obligate aerobes. 
D)  Acid-fast, pyrogenic, obligate aerobes. 
E)  Gram-positive, pyogenic, facultative anaerobes.

Question 9

The most common infectious agent acquired from the bite wounds of a number of kinds of animals is

Accepted Answer

A)  Escherichia coli. 
B)  Pasteurella multocida. 
C)  Bartonella henselae. 
D)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 
E)  Staphylococcus aureus. 
A)  Escherichia coli. 
B)  Pasteurella multocida. 
C)  Bartonella henselae. 
D)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 
E)  Staphylococcus aureus.

Question 10

Which virulence factor of P. aeruginosa inhibits host cell protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Exotoxin A 
B)  Exoenzyme S 
C)  Phospholipase C 
D)  Pyoverdin 
E)  Pyocyanin 
A)  Exotoxin A 
B)  Exoenzyme S 
C)  Phospholipase C 
D)  Pyoverdin 
E)  Pyocyanin

Question 11

Tetanus vaccine contains

Accepted Answer

A)  inactivated bacteria. 
B)  inactivated spores. 
C)  live bacteria. 
D)  inactivated tetanospasmin. 
E)  inactivated lipopolysaccharide. 
A)  inactivated bacteria. 
B)  inactivated spores. 
C)  live bacteria. 
D)  inactivated tetanospasmin. 
E)  inactivated lipopolysaccharide.

Question 12

The most frequent genus causing wound infections in healthy people is

Accepted Answer

A)  Pseudomonas. 
B)  Staphylococcus. 
C)  Pasteurella. 
D)  Rochalimea. 
E)  Escherichia. 
A)  Pseudomonas. 
B)  Staphylococcus. 
C)  Pasteurella. 
D)  Rochalimea. 
E)  Escherichia.

Question 13

Which of the following has not been associated with human bites?

Accepted Answer

A)  Syphilis 
B)  Tuberculosis 
C)  Hepatitis B 
D)  Tetanus 
E)  These have all been associated with human bites. 
A)  Syphilis 
B)  Tuberculosis 
C)  Hepatitis B 
D)  Tetanus 
E)  These have all been associated with human bites.

Question 14

Streptobacillus moniliformis is unusual in that it

Accepted Answer

A)  forms spores. 
B)  forms L-forms. 
C)  is anaerobic. 
D)  has a cell wall. 
E)  is unicellular. 
A)  forms spores. 
B)  forms L-forms. 
C)  is anaerobic. 
D)  has a cell wall. 
E)  is unicellular.

Question 15

The Gram-negative opportunistic rod that can grow in a wide variety of environments, including disinfectants and soaps, is

Accepted Answer

A)  E. coli. 
B)  S. aureus. 
C)  P. aeruginosa. 
D)  S. pyogenes. 
E)  P. vulgaris. 
A)  E. coli. 
B)  S. aureus. 
C)  P. aeruginosa. 
D)  S. pyogenes. 
E)  P. vulgaris.

Question 16

Clumping factor, coagulase, and protein A serve to coat Staphylococcus with host proteins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

How is it possible for anaerobes to be involved in bite wound infections?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most bite wounds are on hands or fingers, which have little tissue and few blood vessels, and are thus fairly anaerobic. 
B)  Facultative anaerobes in bite wounds reduce available oxygen in the affected tissue, creating anaerobic conditions. 
C)  Bite wounds result in the release of anaerobinases by keratinocytes; these convert oxygen to nitrogen, generating anaerobic conditions. 
D)  Although anaerobes are introduced into a wound through biting, they do not multiply in the aerobic tissue and do not contribute to a bite wound infection. 
E)  In fact, anaerobes are never involved in bite wound infections; tissues are always well oxygenated, which inhibits any anaerobes from multiplying in them. 
A)  Most bite wounds are on hands or fingers, which have little tissue and few blood vessels, and are thus fairly anaerobic. 
B)  Facultative anaerobes in bite wounds reduce available oxygen in the affected tissue, creating anaerobic conditions. 
C)  Bite wounds result in the release of anaerobinases by keratinocytes; these convert oxygen to nitrogen, generating anaerobic conditions. 
D)  Although anaerobes are introduced into a wound through biting, they do not multiply in the aerobic tissue and do not contribute to a bite wound infection. 
E)  In fact, anaerobes are never involved in bite wound infections; tissues are always well oxygenated, which inhibits any anaerobes from multiplying in them.

Question 18

Choose the one False statement about Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Accepted Answer

A)  It is widespread in nature, commonly found in plants. 
B)  Some strains can grow in nutrient-poor environments, including distilled water. 
C)  It secretes pigments that together produce a green color. 
D)  Under certain circumstances, it can grow anaerobically. 
E)  It is a Gram-positive, spore-forming encapsulated rod. 
A)  It is widespread in nature, commonly found in plants. 
B)  Some strains can grow in nutrient-poor environments, including distilled water. 
C)  It secretes pigments that together produce a green color. 
D)  Under certain circumstances, it can grow anaerobically. 
E)  It is a Gram-positive, spore-forming encapsulated rod.

Question 19

An antibiogram is performed on a sample from your patient's wound. The causative agent is found to be resistant to methicillin and vancomycin. This indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)  her infection is untreatable and will likely be fatal within a few days. 
B)  antibiotics such as linezolid, daptomycin, or tigecycline are needed to treat her. 
C)  she likely acquired the organism in a community setting rather than in the hospital. 
D)  the causative organism is likely a member of her intestinal normal microbiota. 
E)  the causative organism does not produce the protein coagulase. 
A)  her infection is untreatable and will likely be fatal within a few days. 
B)  antibiotics such as linezolid, daptomycin, or tigecycline are needed to treat her. 
C)  she likely acquired the organism in a community setting rather than in the hospital. 
D)  the causative organism is likely a member of her intestinal normal microbiota. 
E)  the causative organism does not produce the protein coagulase.

Question 20

Which of the following has been associated with flesh-eating disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  H. lechter 
B)  P. aeruginosa 
C)  S. aureus 
D)  S. pyogenes 
E)  H. pylori 
A)  H. lechter 
B)  P. aeruginosa 
C)  S. aureus 
D)  S. pyogenes 
E)  H. pylori

Exam 23: Wound Infections

Which of the following are involved in coating Staphylococcus with host proteins?

Sporotrichosis may result when the infectious agent is introduced into the body by

A patient presents with a wound that contains green pus. This suggests to you that the wound is infected with

You explain general mechanisms of antibiotic resistance to your patient's family. Which of the following mechanisms is not one used by S. aureus?

Why is debridement and/or amputation often needed to treat necrotizing fascitiis?

Why is Staphylococcus epidermidis able to colonize plastic materials used in medical procedures?

Which of the following is NOT True? Microorganisms in abscesses often are not killed by antimicrobial agents because

The most common infectious agent acquired from the bite wounds of a number of kinds of animals is

Which virulence factor of P. aeruginosa inhibits host cell protein synthesis?

Tetanus vaccine contains

The most frequent genus causing wound infections in healthy people is

Which of the following has not been associated with human bites?

Streptobacillus moniliformis is unusual in that it

The Gram-negative opportunistic rod that can grow in a wide variety of environments, including disinfectants and soaps, is

Clumping factor, coagulase, and protein A serve to coat Staphylococcus with host proteins.

How is it possible for anaerobes to be involved in bite wound infections?

Choose the one False statement about Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

An antibiogram is performed on a sample from your patient's wound. The causative agent is found to be resistant to methicillin and vancomycin. This indicates that

Which of the following has been associated with flesh-eating disease?

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Microscopy and Cell Structure

Dynamics of Microbial Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, from DNA to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology

Identifying and Classifying Microorganisms

The Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunological Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Digestive System Infections

Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Nervous System Infections

Genitourinary Tract Infections

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

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