Question 1

A painful finger infection attributable to herpes virus is known as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  finger sore. 
B)  abrasion lesion. 
C)  furuncle. 
D)  herpetic whitlow. 
E)  nurse's lesion. 
A)  finger sore. 
B)  abrasion lesion. 
C)  furuncle. 
D)  herpetic whitlow. 
E)  nurse's lesion. D

Question 2

The most common infectious disease of humans is

Accepted Answer

A)  the common cold. 
B)  dental caries. 
C)  hepatitis A. 
D)  halitosis. 
E)  influenza. 
A)  the common cold. 
B)  dental caries. 
C)  hepatitis A. 
D)  halitosis. 
E)  influenza. B

Question 3

The principal cause of dental caries is

Accepted Answer

A)  S. mutans. 
B)  S. salivarius. 
C)  S. mitis. 
D)  S. sanguis. 
E)  S. caries. 
A)  S. mutans. 
B)  S. salivarius. 
C)  S. mitis. 
D)  S. sanguis. 
E)  S. caries. A

Question 4

The chronic inflammatory process involving the gums and tissues around the teeth is called

Accepted Answer

A)  dental caries. 
B)  dental plaque. 
C)  periodontal disease. 
D)  root caries. 
E)  periodontal caries. 
A)  dental caries. 
B)  dental plaque. 
C)  periodontal disease. 
D)  root caries. 
E)  periodontal caries.

Question 5

What does circulating HBeAg indicate about people with chronic HBV infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  High levels of this antigen are associated with increased risk of liver cancer. 
B)  High levels of this antigen are associated with decreased risk of liver cancer. 
C)  Low levels of this antigen are associated with increased risk of liver cancer. 
D)  Antibodies against this antigen confer immunity to HBV. 
E)  IgM against this antigen indicate active viral replication. 
A)  High levels of this antigen are associated with increased risk of liver cancer. 
B)  High levels of this antigen are associated with decreased risk of liver cancer. 
C)  Low levels of this antigen are associated with increased risk of liver cancer. 
D)  Antibodies against this antigen confer immunity to HBV. 
E)  IgM against this antigen indicate active viral replication.

Question 6

Viral gastroenteritis that affects people of all ages and usually lasts less than 3 days is caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  herpes. 
B)  hepatitis B. 
C)  norovirus. 
D)  rotavirus. 
E)  influenza virus. 
A)  herpes. 
B)  hepatitis B. 
C)  norovirus. 
D)  rotavirus. 
E)  influenza virus.

Question 7

The bacteria primarily responsible for dental caries is Streptococcus mutans.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

You are a nurse on a post-surgical ward. One of your patients is an elderly woman who has just had her gallbaldder removed. When you go into her room to check on her, you find that she has significant diarrhea, as well as fever and abdominal pain. You suspect that she has Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), and send a sample of her feces down to the hospital lab for analysis. The test result indicates that your patient does indeed have CDI. You make your patient comfortable and answer her questions about her illness.
-Clostridium difficile produces toxins that are involved in the pathogenesis of CDI. Which toxins are associated with ALL strains of this organism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Toxin A and toxin B 
B)  CagA and vacA 
C)  CagA and toxin A 
D)  Binary toxin and VacA 
E)  Toxin A, toxin B, and binary toxin 
A)  Toxin A and toxin B 
B)  CagA and vacA 
C)  CagA and toxin A 
D)  Binary toxin and VacA 
E)  Toxin A, toxin B, and binary toxin

Question 9

Please identify the INCORRECT statement regarding bacterial diseases of the lower gastrointestinal system.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cholera toxin-A-B toxin that causes intestinal cells to secrete HCl. 
B)  Of the four pathogenic strains of Shigella, S. dysenteriae is the most virulent. 
C)  Shiga toxin-producing E. coli may cause hemolytic uremic syndrome in an infected person. 
D)  There are more than 2,400 serotypes of Shigella, based on differences in their O, H, and K antigens. 
E)  Pseudomembranous colitis may develop in a person with Clostridium difficile infection. 
A)  Cholera toxin-A-B toxin that causes intestinal cells to secrete HCl. 
B)  Of the four pathogenic strains of Shigella, S. dysenteriae is the most virulent. 
C)  Shiga toxin-producing E. coli may cause hemolytic uremic syndrome in an infected person. 
D)  There are more than 2,400 serotypes of Shigella, based on differences in their O, H, and K antigens. 
E)  Pseudomembranous colitis may develop in a person with Clostridium difficile infection.

Question 10

The infectious dose for cholera is much larger than that for shigellosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The primary treatment for cholera is

Accepted Answer

A)  the administration of antibiotics. 
B)  vaccination AND the administration of antibiotics. 
C)  by blood transfusion AND simple rehydration. 
D)  simply rehydration. 
E)  vaccination AND by blood transfusion. 
A)  the administration of antibiotics. 
B)  vaccination AND the administration of antibiotics. 
C)  by blood transfusion AND simple rehydration. 
D)  simply rehydration. 
E)  vaccination AND by blood transfusion.

Question 12

Why does removal of plaque reduce the chance of forming cavities?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plaque is a biofilm; it contains cariogenic bacteria, the metabolic byproducts of which facilitate tooth decay. 
B)  Plague causes a significant drop in oral pH. The more acidic condition causes tooth decay. 
C)  Plaque is a polysaccharide covering on tooth enamel. It contains tiny acid-soaked sponges that decay teeth. 
D)  Removing plaque involves brushing. A coincidental side benefit of brushing is removal all oral bacteria. 
E)  Removing plaque actually does not impact the development of cavities. Cavities have a genetic component and cannot be prevented. 
A)  Plaque is a biofilm; it contains cariogenic bacteria, the metabolic byproducts of which facilitate tooth decay. 
B)  Plague causes a significant drop in oral pH. The more acidic condition causes tooth decay. 
C)  Plaque is a polysaccharide covering on tooth enamel. It contains tiny acid-soaked sponges that decay teeth. 
D)  Removing plaque involves brushing. A coincidental side benefit of brushing is removal all oral bacteria. 
E)  Removing plaque actually does not impact the development of cavities. Cavities have a genetic component and cannot be prevented.

Question 13

The symptoms of cholera are due to the action of

Accepted Answer

A)  an endotoxin. 
B)  an exotoxin. 
C)  modified mucus. 
D)  flagella. 
E)  an exotoxin AND an endotoxin 
A)  an endotoxin. 
B)  an exotoxin. 
C)  modified mucus. 
D)  flagella. 
E)  an exotoxin AND an endotoxin

Question 14

Why might it be more difficult to prepare a vaccine against noroviruses than against rotaviruses?

Accepted Answer

A)  We haven't been able to culture noroviruses in a lab setting yet. Without a starting culture, we can't create a vaccine. 
B)  Noroviruses are RNA viruses, where rotaviruses are DNA viruses. RNA viruses mutate far more easily than DNA viruses, so we COULD make a vaccine, but it would be rendered useless fairly quickly as the virus mutates. 
C)  We lack a proper culturing method for large-scale production of target cells for norovirus, whereas we have such a system for the target cells of rotaviruses. Without a system to get large numbers of target cells, we can't produce a vaccine. 
D)  Norovirus is much more infectious than rotavirus. As such, it's much harder to work with safety. This makes production of a vaccine too dangerous and unpredictable. 
E)  This question is misleading. It has been relatively simple to create vaccines against both of these virus types. 
A)  We haven't been able to culture noroviruses in a lab setting yet. Without a starting culture, we can't create a vaccine. 
B)  Noroviruses are RNA viruses, where rotaviruses are DNA viruses. RNA viruses mutate far more easily than DNA viruses, so we COULD make a vaccine, but it would be rendered useless fairly quickly as the virus mutates. 
C)  We lack a proper culturing method for large-scale production of target cells for norovirus, whereas we have such a system for the target cells of rotaviruses. Without a system to get large numbers of target cells, we can't produce a vaccine. 
D)  Norovirus is much more infectious than rotavirus. As such, it's much harder to work with safety. This makes production of a vaccine too dangerous and unpredictable. 
E)  This question is misleading. It has been relatively simple to create vaccines against both of these virus types.

Question 15

You are a nurse on a post-surgical ward. One of your patients is an elderly woman who has just had her gallbaldder removed. When you go into her room to check on her, you find that she has significant diarrhea, as well as fever and abdominal pain. You suspect that she has Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), and send a sample of her feces down to the hospital lab for analysis. The test result indicates that your patient does indeed have CDI. You make your patient comfortable and answer her questions about her illness.
-You tell your patient that in some cases, CDI becomes chronic. One approach for treating this condition is a fecal microbiota transplant. How might this help a person with recurrent CDI?

Accepted Answer

A)  Genetically modified microbiota is added to the disrupted system of the CDI patient. This creates a balanced population that can compete with the C. difficile. 
B)  Healthy, normal microbiota is added to the disrupted system of the CDI patient, creating a balanced population that outcompetes the C. difficile. 
C)  Healthy, normal microbiota is added to the disrupted system of the CDI patient. These new bacteria secrete exotoxins that kill the pathogenic C. difficile. 
D)  Healthy, normal microbiota is added to the disrupted system of the CDI patient. This stimulates the immune system of the person, eventually causing elimination of the C. difficile. 
E)  Normal microbiota from a person treated with prophylactic antibiotics is added to the disrupted system of the CDI patient. The antibiotic diffuses from the added microbiota, killing the C. difficile. 
A)  Genetically modified microbiota is added to the disrupted system of the CDI patient. This creates a balanced population that can compete with the C. difficile. 
B)  Healthy, normal microbiota is added to the disrupted system of the CDI patient, creating a balanced population that outcompetes the C. difficile. 
C)  Healthy, normal microbiota is added to the disrupted system of the CDI patient. These new bacteria secrete exotoxins that kill the pathogenic C. difficile. 
D)  Healthy, normal microbiota is added to the disrupted system of the CDI patient. This stimulates the immune system of the person, eventually causing elimination of the C. difficile. 
E)  Normal microbiota from a person treated with prophylactic antibiotics is added to the disrupted system of the CDI patient. The antibiotic diffuses from the added microbiota, killing the C. difficile.

Question 16

Which of the following type of hepatitis is/are associated with liver cancer or cirrhosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hepatitis A 
B)  Hepatitis B 
C)  Hepatitis C 
D)  Hepatitis B AND hepatitis C 
E)  Hepatitis A AND hepatitis B 
A)  Hepatitis A 
B)  Hepatitis B 
C)  Hepatitis C 
D)  Hepatitis B AND hepatitis C 
E)  Hepatitis A AND hepatitis B

Question 17

The animal(s) frequently associated with Campylobacter jejuni is/are

Accepted Answer

A)  turtles. 
B)  iguanas. 
C)  chickens. 
D)  dogs. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  turtles. 
B)  iguanas. 
C)  chickens. 
D)  dogs. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 18

Helicobacter pylori is able to survive in the stomach by its ability to produce

Accepted Answer

A)  lactic acid from sugar. 
B)  ammonia from urease. 
C)  fatty acids from sebum. 
D)  neutralizing proteins from glucans. 
E)  ammonia from urea. 
A)  lactic acid from sugar. 
B)  ammonia from urease. 
C)  fatty acids from sebum. 
D)  neutralizing proteins from glucans. 
E)  ammonia from urea.

Question 19

Which of the following has shown some effectiveness in treating a herpes infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  AZT 
B)  Protease inhibitors 
C)  Acyclovir 
D)  Cephalosporin 
E)  Broad spectrum antibiotics 
A)  AZT 
B)  Protease inhibitors 
C)  Acyclovir 
D)  Cephalosporin 
E)  Broad spectrum antibiotics

Question 20

The passage from the mouth to the anus is termed the

Accepted Answer

A)  gut canal. 
B)  oral cavity. 
C)  grand canal. 
D)  gastrointestinal tract. 
E)  peristalsis. 
A)  gut canal. 
B)  oral cavity. 
C)  grand canal. 
D)  gastrointestinal tract. 
E)  peristalsis.

Exam 24: Digestive System Infections

A painful finger infection attributable to herpes virus is known as a(n)

The most common infectious disease of humans is

The principal cause of dental caries is

The chronic inflammatory process involving the gums and tissues around the teeth is called

What does circulating HBeAg indicate about people with chronic HBV infection?

Viral gastroenteritis that affects people of all ages and usually lasts less than 3 days is caused by

The bacteria primarily responsible for dental caries is Streptococcus mutans.

Please identify the INCORRECT statement regarding bacterial diseases of the lower gastrointestinal system.

The infectious dose for cholera is much larger than that for shigellosis.

The primary treatment for cholera is

Why does removal of plaque reduce the chance of forming cavities?

The symptoms of cholera are due to the action of

Why might it be more difficult to prepare a vaccine against noroviruses than against rotaviruses?

Which of the following type of hepatitis is/are associated with liver cancer or cirrhosis?

The animal(s) frequently associated with Campylobacter jejuni is/are

Helicobacter pylori is able to survive in the stomach by its ability to produce

Which of the following has shown some effectiveness in treating a herpes infection?

The passage from the mouth to the anus is termed the

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Microscopy and Cell Structure

Dynamics of Microbial Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, from DNA to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology

Identifying and Classifying Microorganisms

The Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunological Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Nervous System Infections

Genitourinary Tract Infections

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

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