Question 1

Which of the following E. coli serovars give rise to a disease similar to that caused by Shigella sp.?

Accepted Answer

A)  Enterotoxigenic 
B)  Enteroinvasive 
C)  Enteropathogenic 
D)  Enterohemorrhagic 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  Enterotoxigenic 
B)  Enteroinvasive 
C)  Enteropathogenic 
D)  Enterohemorrhagic 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 2

Cholera is the classic example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  foodborne illness. 
B)  zoonosis. 
C)  very severe form of diarrhea. 
D)  opportunistic infection. 
E)  vector-borne disease. 
A)  foodborne illness. 
B)  zoonosis. 
C)  very severe form of diarrhea. 
D)  opportunistic infection. 
E)  vector-borne disease.

Question 3

Please select the False statement regarding tooth decay.

Accepted Answer

A)  Lactic acid in the mouth forms as a result of fermentation of fructose. 
B)  Cariogenic bacteria can ferment polysaccharides stored in granules. 
C)  Tooth decay never occurs if Streptococcus mutans is absent. 
D)  Plaque forms when oral streptococci adhere to the proteinaceous pellicle on teeth. 
E)  Cariogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans are acidophiles. 
A)  Lactic acid in the mouth forms as a result of fermentation of fructose. 
B)  Cariogenic bacteria can ferment polysaccharides stored in granules. 
C)  Tooth decay never occurs if Streptococcus mutans is absent. 
D)  Plaque forms when oral streptococci adhere to the proteinaceous pellicle on teeth. 
E)  Cariogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans are acidophiles.

Question 4

Vibrio cholerae and most salmonellae are

Accepted Answer

A)  killed by acid conditions. 
B)  stimulated by acid conditions. 
C)  killed by low concentrations of salt. 
D)  killed by neutral conditions. 
E)  acidophiles. 
A)  killed by acid conditions. 
B)  stimulated by acid conditions. 
C)  killed by low concentrations of salt. 
D)  killed by neutral conditions. 
E)  acidophiles.

Question 5

The toxins involved in intestinal infections typically

Accepted Answer

A)  kill cells by inhibiting DNA synthesis AND modify cell physiology resulting in increased secretion of water and electrolytes. 
B)  modify cell physiology resulting in increased secretion of water and electrolytes. 
C)  modify cell physiology resulting in decreased secretion of water and electrolytes. 
D)  kill cells by inhibiting DNA synthesis AND modify cell physiology resulting in decreased secretion of water and electrolytes. 
E)  kill cells by inhibiting protein synthesis AND modify cell physiology resulting in increased secretion of water and electrolytes. 
A)  kill cells by inhibiting DNA synthesis AND modify cell physiology resulting in increased secretion of water and electrolytes. 
B)  modify cell physiology resulting in increased secretion of water and electrolytes. 
C)  modify cell physiology resulting in decreased secretion of water and electrolytes. 
D)  kill cells by inhibiting DNA synthesis AND modify cell physiology resulting in decreased secretion of water and electrolytes. 
E)  kill cells by inhibiting protein synthesis AND modify cell physiology resulting in increased secretion of water and electrolytes.

Question 6

Which of the following groups contain diarrhea-causing E. coli?

Accepted Answer

A)  Enterotoxigenic 
B)  Enteroinvasive 
C)  Enteropathogenic 
D)  Enterohemorrhagic 
E)  All of the choices are correct 
A)  Enterotoxigenic 
B)  Enteroinvasive 
C)  Enteropathogenic 
D)  Enterohemorrhagic 
E)  All of the choices are correct

Question 7

The oocytes of Cyclospora cayetanensis

Accepted Answer

A)  are mature when eliminated in the stool. 
B)  do not contain sporozoites when passed in the feces. 
C)  are smaller than the oocytes of Cryptosporidium parvum. 
D)  give rise to three sporozoites. 
E)  contain sporozoites when passed in the feces. 
A)  are mature when eliminated in the stool. 
B)  do not contain sporozoites when passed in the feces. 
C)  are smaller than the oocytes of Cryptosporidium parvum. 
D)  give rise to three sporozoites. 
E)  contain sporozoites when passed in the feces.

Question 8

Which of these bacteria require a special medium and microaerophilic conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Campylobacter jejuni 
B)  Escherichia coli 
C)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa 
D)  Staphylococcus aureus 
E)  Salmonella enterica 
A)  Campylobacter jejuni 
B)  Escherichia coli 
C)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa 
D)  Staphylococcus aureus 
E)  Salmonella enterica

Question 9

Helicobacter pylori appears connected to stomach cancer and ulcers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

You are a nurse on a post-surgical ward. One of your patients is an elderly woman who has just had her gallbaldder removed. When you go into her room to check on her, you find that she has significant diarrhea, as well as fever and abdominal pain. You suspect that she has Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), and send a sample of her feces down to the hospital lab for analysis. The test result indicates that your patient does indeed have CDI. You make your patient comfortable and answer her questions about her illness.
-Your patient wonders how she contracted CDI. Which of the following would be a good explanation for her?

Accepted Answer

A)  She is elderly; elderly people frequently develop gastrointestinal complaints such as CDI. It is to be expected in an aging person. 
B)  She has been on antibiotic therapy because of her surgery. The antibiotics disrupted her normal intestinal microbiota, allowing any C. difficile present to flourish. 
C)  C. difficile is usually a community-acquired organism. She most likely came to the hospital already infected with it but it takes several days for signs and symptoms of CDI to appear. 
D)  Most surgical equipment is contaminated with C. difficile endospores, which are ubiquitous. Most likely your patient acquired CDI directly from her surgery. 
E)  Nobody knows how people contract CDI. The causative bacterium is a common environmental organism and it is not known how it becomes pathogenic. 
A)  She is elderly; elderly people frequently develop gastrointestinal complaints such as CDI. It is to be expected in an aging person. 
B)  She has been on antibiotic therapy because of her surgery. The antibiotics disrupted her normal intestinal microbiota, allowing any C. difficile present to flourish. 
C)  C. difficile is usually a community-acquired organism. She most likely came to the hospital already infected with it but it takes several days for signs and symptoms of CDI to appear. 
D)  Most surgical equipment is contaminated with C. difficile endospores, which are ubiquitous. Most likely your patient acquired CDI directly from her surgery. 
E)  Nobody knows how people contract CDI. The causative bacterium is a common environmental organism and it is not known how it becomes pathogenic.

Question 11

What type of vaccine protects against mumps virus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Toxoid 
B)  Conjugate 
C)  Attenuated 
D)  Subunit 
E)  Inactivated whole agent 
A)  Toxoid 
B)  Conjugate 
C)  Attenuated 
D)  Subunit 
E)  Inactivated whole agent

Question 12

Why are older people (over 65) more likely to lose teeth than to develop cavities?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cavities are less common because the pits and fissures on teeth that bacteria can colonize wear down over time. However, older adults are more likely to develop periodontal disease that can lead to the loss of teeth. 
B)  Older adults never eat sugar, because of the risk of type 2 diabetes that increases with age. However, they are likely to develop periodontal disease, that can lead to the loss of teeth. 
C)  As adults age, the enamel layer on their teeth surfaces increases in strength, making it almost impossible for bacteria to cause decay. However, as the enamel thickens, the gums weaken, so teeth can fall out and be lost. 
D)  As adults age, their tooth enamel becomes less porous. This prevents bacteria from colonizing the teeth, preventing the development of decay. However, as people get older, their saliva becomes more acidic, and this causes periodontal disease. 
E)  The mouth normal microbiota changes over time. In children the predominant bacteria are those that cause tooth decay. However, in adults, the predominant bacteria are those that cause gum disease and tooth loss. 
A)  Cavities are less common because the pits and fissures on teeth that bacteria can colonize wear down over time. However, older adults are more likely to develop periodontal disease that can lead to the loss of teeth. 
B)  Older adults never eat sugar, because of the risk of type 2 diabetes that increases with age. However, they are likely to develop periodontal disease, that can lead to the loss of teeth. 
C)  As adults age, the enamel layer on their teeth surfaces increases in strength, making it almost impossible for bacteria to cause decay. However, as the enamel thickens, the gums weaken, so teeth can fall out and be lost. 
D)  As adults age, their tooth enamel becomes less porous. This prevents bacteria from colonizing the teeth, preventing the development of decay. However, as people get older, their saliva becomes more acidic, and this causes periodontal disease. 
E)  The mouth normal microbiota changes over time. In children the predominant bacteria are those that cause tooth decay. However, in adults, the predominant bacteria are those that cause gum disease and tooth loss.

Question 13

Entamoeba histolytica

Accepted Answer

A)  causes amebiasis. 
B)  may form cysts. 
C)  cysts survive passage through the stomach. 
D)  may produce a cytotoxic enzyme. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  causes amebiasis. 
B)  may form cysts. 
C)  cysts survive passage through the stomach. 
D)  may produce a cytotoxic enzyme. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 14

Once H. pylori is in a host's stomach, what happens?

Accepted Answer

A)  The bacteria move away from the neutral mucus-secreting epithelium toward the acidic stomach lumen. 
B)  H. pylori moves from the basic stomach lumen up toward the neutral esophagus. 
C)  The bacteria move away from the acidic stomach lumen toward the neutral mucus-secreting epithelial layer. 
D)  The bacteria move away from the acidic stomach lumen toward the neutral small intestine. 
E)  H. pylori moves from the neutral small intestine toward the acidic stomach lumen. 
A)  The bacteria move away from the neutral mucus-secreting epithelium toward the acidic stomach lumen. 
B)  H. pylori moves from the basic stomach lumen up toward the neutral esophagus. 
C)  The bacteria move away from the acidic stomach lumen toward the neutral mucus-secreting epithelial layer. 
D)  The bacteria move away from the acidic stomach lumen toward the neutral small intestine. 
E)  H. pylori moves from the neutral small intestine toward the acidic stomach lumen.

Question 15

The viral disease that characteristically infects the parotid glands is

Accepted Answer

A)  measles. 
B)  mumps. 
C)  herpes. 
D)  chickenpox. 
E)  varicella. 
A)  measles. 
B)  mumps. 
C)  herpes. 
D)  chickenpox. 
E)  varicella.

Question 16

Which of the following antigens are useful markers for hepatitis B infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  HBsAg 
B)  HBcAg 
C)  HBcAg AND HBsAg 
D)  HBeAg 
E)  HBcAg, HBsAg, AND HBeAg 
A)  HBsAg 
B)  HBcAg 
C)  HBcAg AND HBsAg 
D)  HBeAg 
E)  HBcAg, HBsAg, AND HBeAg

Question 17

Cyclosporiosis is transmissable from person to person.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The most notorious typhoid carrier was

Accepted Answer

A)  Typhoid Tilly. 
B)  Typhoid Tom. 
C)  Typhoid Mary. 
D)  Typhoid Mark. 
E)  Typhoid salmonella. 
A)  Typhoid Tilly. 
B)  Typhoid Tom. 
C)  Typhoid Mary. 
D)  Typhoid Mark. 
E)  Typhoid salmonella.

Question 19

Viral gastroenteritis in infants and children is most commonly caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  herpes. 
B)  hepatitis B. 
C)  rotavirus. 
D)  norovirus. 
E)  influenza virus. 
A)  herpes. 
B)  hepatitis B. 
C)  rotavirus. 
D)  norovirus. 
E)  influenza virus.

Question 20

Which of the following is not a typical sign or symptom of H. pylori gastritis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Belching 
B)  Bloating 
C)  Vomiting 
D)  Pain 
E)  Fever 
A)  Belching 
B)  Bloating 
C)  Vomiting 
D)  Pain 
E)  Fever

Exam 24: Digestive System Infections

Which of the following E. coli serovars give rise to a disease similar to that caused by Shigella sp.?

Cholera is the classic example of a(n)

Please select the False statement regarding tooth decay.

Vibrio cholerae and most salmonellae are

The toxins involved in intestinal infections typically

Which of the following groups contain diarrhea-causing E. coli?

The oocytes of Cyclospora cayetanensis

Which of these bacteria require a special medium and microaerophilic conditions?

Helicobacter pylori appears connected to stomach cancer and ulcers.

What type of vaccine protects against mumps virus?

Why are older people (over 65) more likely to lose teeth than to develop cavities?

Entamoeba histolytica

Once H. pylori is in a host's stomach, what happens?

The viral disease that characteristically infects the parotid glands is

Which of the following antigens are useful markers for hepatitis B infection?

Cyclosporiosis is transmissable from person to person.

The most notorious typhoid carrier was

Viral gastroenteritis in infants and children is most commonly caused by

Which of the following is not a typical sign or symptom of H. pylori gastritis?

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Microscopy and Cell Structure

Dynamics of Microbial Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, from DNA to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology

Identifying and Classifying Microorganisms

The Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunological Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Nervous System Infections

Genitourinary Tract Infections

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

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