Question 1

Which is a characteristic of the septicemic phase of leptospirosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Flu-like symptoms 
B)  Sudden headache and fever 
C)  Red eyes and photophobia 
D)  Jaundice 
E)  Vomiting, rash, and confusion 
A)  Flu-like symptoms 
B)  Sudden headache and fever 
C)  Red eyes and photophobia 
D)  Jaundice 
E)  Vomiting, rash, and confusion C

Question 2

The genital tract infection characterized by an unpleasant odor and an increase in clue cells is

Accepted Answer

A)  trichomoniasis. 
B)  candidiasis. 
C)  amoebiasis. 
D)  bacterial vaginosis. 
E)  cystitis. 
A)  trichomoniasis. 
B)  candidiasis. 
C)  amoebiasis. 
D)  bacterial vaginosis. 
E)  cystitis. D

Question 3

The urinary tract above the bladder usually contains

Accepted Answer

A)  Escherichia coli. 
B)  Staphylococcus aureus. 
C)  Proteus vulgaris. 
D)  no bacteria. 
E)  Escherichia coli AND Staphylococcus aureus. 
A)  Escherichia coli. 
B)  Staphylococcus aureus. 
C)  Proteus vulgaris. 
D)  no bacteria. 
E)  Escherichia coli AND Staphylococcus aureus. D

Question 4

In early attempts to identify and isolate the cause of syphilis, various bacteria in the discharge from chancres in experimental animals were isolated in pure culture. None of the bacteria, however, would cause the disease when used in attempts to infect healthy animals. What is a possible explanation for this observation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The bacteria isolated from the animals were in fact the animal's normal microbiota and not pathogenic organisms; these bacteria would not cause disease in inoculated animals. 
B)  The bacteria thought to be isolated from the animals were actually skin bacteria from the people performing the experiments; these human bacteria would not cause disease in experimental animals. 
C)  The bacteria isolated from the animals were in fact the animal's normal microbiota; these bacteria would not cause disease in inoculated animals OR the bacteria thought to be isolated from the animals may have come from the people performing the experiments; these human bacteria would not cause disease in experimental animals. 
D)  The bacterial agent of syphilis causes disease in three stages; the organisms cultured from the first animals would be those that cause primary symptoms and would not be the same as those needed to cause disease in a second set of experimental animals. 
E)  When the causative organism of syphilis is removed from a host and cultured in the laboratory, it loses its capsule, without which it is unable to colonize a new host and will thus not cause disease OR the bacteria isolated from the animals were in fact the animal's normal microbiota; these bacteria would not cause disease in inoculated animals. 
A)  The bacteria isolated from the animals were in fact the animal's normal microbiota and not pathogenic organisms; these bacteria would not cause disease in inoculated animals. 
B)  The bacteria thought to be isolated from the animals were actually skin bacteria from the people performing the experiments; these human bacteria would not cause disease in experimental animals. 
C)  The bacteria isolated from the animals were in fact the animal's normal microbiota; these bacteria would not cause disease in inoculated animals OR the bacteria thought to be isolated from the animals may have come from the people performing the experiments; these human bacteria would not cause disease in experimental animals. 
D)  The bacterial agent of syphilis causes disease in three stages; the organisms cultured from the first animals would be those that cause primary symptoms and would not be the same as those needed to cause disease in a second set of experimental animals. 
E)  When the causative organism of syphilis is removed from a host and cultured in the laboratory, it loses its capsule, without which it is unable to colonize a new host and will thus not cause disease OR the bacteria isolated from the animals were in fact the animal's normal microbiota; these bacteria would not cause disease in inoculated animals.

Question 5

Typically, Candida albicans causes no symptoms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the statements does not apply to leptospirosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  The causative organism is a slender aerobic Gram-negative spirochete with hooked end. 
B)  Complications of leptospirosis in some people include liver and kidney failure, hemorrhage in many organs, and meningitis. 
C)  Leptospira interrogans is primarily transmitted by aerosol droplets or by direct contact between a person and an infected animal. 
D)  Small doses of a tetracycline antibiotic can prevent the disease in high-risk individuals, such as veterinarians. 
E)  Most infections cause mild signs and symptoms and are self limiting, so do not require treatment. 
A)  The causative organism is a slender aerobic Gram-negative spirochete with hooked end. 
B)  Complications of leptospirosis in some people include liver and kidney failure, hemorrhage in many organs, and meningitis. 
C)  Leptospira interrogans is primarily transmitted by aerosol droplets or by direct contact between a person and an infected animal. 
D)  Small doses of a tetracycline antibiotic can prevent the disease in high-risk individuals, such as veterinarians. 
E)  Most infections cause mild signs and symptoms and are self limiting, so do not require treatment.

Question 7

Which of the following diseases may manifest themselves with painful genital ulcers?

Accepted Answer

A)  chancroid AND rubeola 
B)  chancroid AND herpes 
C)  herpes AND leptospirosis 
D)  leptospirosis AND chancroid 
E)  rubeola AND herpes 
A)  chancroid AND rubeola 
B)  chancroid AND herpes 
C)  herpes AND leptospirosis 
D)  leptospirosis AND chancroid 
E)  rubeola AND herpes

Question 8

Urinary tract infections

Accepted Answer

A)  are relatively rare. 
B)  are the most common nosocomial infections. 
C)  include puerperal fever. 
D)  are considered STIs. 
E)  are the most common nosocomial infections AND are considered STIs. 
A)  are relatively rare. 
B)  are the most common nosocomial infections. 
C)  include puerperal fever. 
D)  are considered STIs. 
E)  are the most common nosocomial infections AND are considered STIs.

Question 9

Genital herpes may be cured with the use of acyclovir or famciclovir.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The infectious form of Chlamydia trachomatis is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  reticulate body. 
B)  elementary body. 
C)  primary element. 
D)  core body. 
E)  infectious spore. 
A)  reticulate body. 
B)  elementary body. 
C)  primary element. 
D)  core body. 
E)  infectious spore.

Question 11

The sexually transmitted disease characterized by painful genital ulcers is

Accepted Answer

A)  chancroid. 
B)  syphilis. 
C)  gonorrhea. 
D)  trachoma. 
E)  M. genitalium infection. 
A)  chancroid. 
B)  syphilis. 
C)  gonorrhea. 
D)  trachoma. 
E)  M. genitalium infection.

Question 12

There is no long-lasting immunity to gonorrhea and a person may contract gonorrhea repeatedly.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, can be transmitted by

Accepted Answer

A)  sexual or oral contact. 
B)  contact with contaminated objects. 
C)  clothing. 
D)  the fecal-oral route. 
E)  aerosol droplets. 
A)  sexual or oral contact. 
B)  contact with contaminated objects. 
C)  clothing. 
D)  the fecal-oral route. 
E)  aerosol droplets.

Question 14

You go for your regular Pap test and are informed by your OBGYN that you are positive for HPV16. You are surprised because you have not noticed any signs or symptoms of infection. Your doctor explains that sexually transmitted HPV strains are among the most common of the STI agents, and that while some HPV strains cause warty growths of the external and internal genitalia, other strains cause non-warty lesions of mucosal surfaces such as the uterine cervix. These strains are of concern because they are a major factor in the development of cervical cancer. You ask your doctor a number of questions regarding HPV and HPV infection.
-My sister told me that there is a vaccine called Gardasil 9 (9vHPV) that protects against HPV and is recommended for women under the age of 26 (like me). Should I still consider getting it even though I have HPV 16?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes-even though you have HPV16, the vaccine also protects against HPVs 6, 11, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58. 
B)  No-you already have HPV 16 so there is no point in getting the vaccine now. It is too late. 
C)  No-if you have HPV 16 you also definitely have the other cancer-causing strains of the virus so the vaccine won't help. 
D)  Yes-the vaccine is used to cure HPV infections so you should get it to eliminate your HPV 16 infection. 
E)  No-the vaccine involves injecting anti-HPV antibodies and you already have those because of your infection. 
A)  Yes-even though you have HPV16, the vaccine also protects against HPVs 6, 11, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58. 
B)  No-you already have HPV 16 so there is no point in getting the vaccine now. It is too late. 
C)  No-if you have HPV 16 you also definitely have the other cancer-causing strains of the virus so the vaccine won't help. 
D)  Yes-the vaccine is used to cure HPV infections so you should get it to eliminate your HPV 16 infection. 
E)  No-the vaccine involves injecting anti-HPV antibodies and you already have those because of your infection.

Question 15

HIV adversely affects

Accepted Answer

A)  red blood cells AND macrophages. 
B)  nerve cells AND T helper cells. 
C)  macrophages AND nerve cells. 
D)  T helper cells AND red blood cells. 
E)  macrophages AND T helper cells. 
A)  red blood cells AND macrophages. 
B)  nerve cells AND T helper cells. 
C)  macrophages AND nerve cells. 
D)  T helper cells AND red blood cells. 
E)  macrophages AND T helper cells.

Question 16

The normal microbiota of the lower urethra may show

Accepted Answer

A)  Lactobacillus. 
B)  Staphylococcus. 
C)  Corynebacterium. 
D)  Bacteroides. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  Lactobacillus. 
B)  Staphylococcus. 
C)  Corynebacterium. 
D)  Bacteroides. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 17

The causative agent of syphilis is

Accepted Answer

A)  papilloma virus. 
B)  Neisseria gonorrheae. 
C)  Chlamydia trachomatis. 
D)  Treponema pallidum. 
E)  Mycoplasma genitalium. 
A)  papilloma virus. 
B)  Neisseria gonorrheae. 
C)  Chlamydia trachomatis. 
D)  Treponema pallidum. 
E)  Mycoplasma genitalium.

Question 18

Which of the following manifests itself in three clinical stages?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gonorrhea 
B)  Syphilis 
C)  Trachoma 
D)  M. genitalium infection 
E)  Chancroid 
A)  Gonorrhea 
B)  Syphilis 
C)  Trachoma 
D)  M. genitalium infection 
E)  Chancroid

Question 19

The human immunodeficiency virus is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  non-enveloped double-stranded DNA virus. 
B)  enveloped double-stranded DNA virus. 
C)  enveloped single-stranded RNA virus. 
D)  non-enveloped single-stranded DNA virus. 
E)  non-enveloped double-stranded RNA virus. 
A)  non-enveloped double-stranded DNA virus. 
B)  enveloped double-stranded DNA virus. 
C)  enveloped single-stranded RNA virus. 
D)  non-enveloped single-stranded DNA virus. 
E)  non-enveloped double-stranded RNA virus.

Question 20

Typically, pathogenic Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Accepted Answer

A)  secretes transferrin. 
B)  destroys IgA. 
C)  destroys IgM. 
D)  is very immunogenic. 
E)  secretes exotoxin A. 
A)  secretes transferrin. 
B)  destroys IgA. 
C)  destroys IgM. 
D)  is very immunogenic. 
E)  secretes exotoxin A.

Exam 27: Genitourinary Tract Infections

Which is a characteristic of the septicemic phase of leptospirosis?

The genital tract infection characterized by an unpleasant odor and an increase in clue cells is

The urinary tract above the bladder usually contains

Typically, Candida albicans causes no symptoms.

Which of the statements does not apply to leptospirosis?

Which of the following diseases may manifest themselves with painful genital ulcers?

Urinary tract infections

Genital herpes may be cured with the use of acyclovir or famciclovir.

The infectious form of Chlamydia trachomatis is a(n)

The sexually transmitted disease characterized by painful genital ulcers is

There is no long-lasting immunity to gonorrhea and a person may contract gonorrhea repeatedly.

Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, can be transmitted by

HIV adversely affects

The normal microbiota of the lower urethra may show

The causative agent of syphilis is

Which of the following manifests itself in three clinical stages?

The human immunodeficiency virus is a(n)

Typically, pathogenic Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Microscopy and Cell Structure

Dynamics of Microbial Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, from DNA to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology

Identifying and Classifying Microorganisms

The Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunological Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Nervous System Infections

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

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