Question 1

Why might a person with an STI need to be checked for other STIs, even though he/she has no symptoms of any others?

Accepted Answer

A)  Several STI-causing pathogens are known to coexist with each other, being carried into the genital tract together. 
B)  A diagnosis of an STI implies that the person had unprotected sex. Several STIs are largely asymptomatic, so it is wise to test for a variety of typical STIs when the patient admits to or shows signs of engaging in such risky behavior. 
C)  They don't need to be tested. All STIs are highly obviously symptomatic, so there is no need to test for other diseases than the one currently manifesting itself in the patient. 
D)  It's a public health issue. It's best to know who is positive for what in the population of sexually-active individuals. This lets healthcare professionals act to best safeguard the population as a whole from the range of STIs. 
E)  They don't need to be tested. When a person becomes infected with one STI, they automatically become immune to any others, so will not acquire any further infections. 
A)  Several STI-causing pathogens are known to coexist with each other, being carried into the genital tract together. 
B)  A diagnosis of an STI implies that the person had unprotected sex. Several STIs are largely asymptomatic, so it is wise to test for a variety of typical STIs when the patient admits to or shows signs of engaging in such risky behavior. 
C)  They don't need to be tested. All STIs are highly obviously symptomatic, so there is no need to test for other diseases than the one currently manifesting itself in the patient. 
D)  It's a public health issue. It's best to know who is positive for what in the population of sexually-active individuals. This lets healthcare professionals act to best safeguard the population as a whole from the range of STIs. 
E)  They don't need to be tested. When a person becomes infected with one STI, they automatically become immune to any others, so will not acquire any further infections.

Question 2

Why is it not possible to culture Treponema pallidum in vitro?

Accepted Answer

A)  The organism is an obligate intracellular parasite AND the organism is a psychrophilic anaerobe. 
B)  The organism is an obligate halophile AND the organism is highly motile and requires actin from host cells to make tails for movement. 
C)  The organism lacks mitochondria and obtains all of its essential macromolecules from the host AND the organism is Gram-negative. 
D)  The organism is highly motile and requires actin from host cells to make tails for movement AND the organism is Gram-negative. 
E)  The organism obtains most of its essential macromolecules from the host AND the organism is an obligate intracellular parasite. 
A)  The organism is an obligate intracellular parasite AND the organism is a psychrophilic anaerobe. 
B)  The organism is an obligate halophile AND the organism is highly motile and requires actin from host cells to make tails for movement. 
C)  The organism lacks mitochondria and obtains all of its essential macromolecules from the host AND the organism is Gram-negative. 
D)  The organism is highly motile and requires actin from host cells to make tails for movement AND the organism is Gram-negative. 
E)  The organism obtains most of its essential macromolecules from the host AND the organism is an obligate intracellular parasite.

Question 3

Which of the following viruses maintains a latent state in nerve cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Herpes simplex virus. 
B)  Hepatitis A virus. 
C)  Varicella zoster virus. 
D)  Rotavirus. 
E)  Herpes simplex virus AND varicella zoster virus. 
A)  Herpes simplex virus. 
B)  Hepatitis A virus. 
C)  Varicella zoster virus. 
D)  Rotavirus. 
E)  Herpes simplex virus AND varicella zoster virus.

Question 4

You go for your regular Pap test and are informed by your OBGYN that you are positive for HPV16. You are surprised because you have not noticed any signs or symptoms of infection. Your doctor explains that sexually transmitted HPV strains are among the most common of the STI agents, and that while some HPV strains cause warty growths of the external and internal genitalia, other strains cause non-warty lesions of mucosal surfaces such as the uterine cervix. These strains are of concern because they are a major factor in the development of cervical cancer. You ask your doctor a number of questions regarding HPV and HPV infection.
-Which of the following STI signs and symptoms do NOT apply to HPV infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Possible rectal or vaginal bleeding, depending on wart location. 
B)  Flat, raised, or cauliflower-like warts at the vaginal opening AND detectable warts at the anus. 
C)  Possible rectal or vaginal bleeding, depending on wart location AND warts at the vaginal opening or anus. 
D)  Painless ulcer (chancre) at the site of pathogen entry AND pus containing diplococci. 
E)  These signs and symptoms are all associated with HPV infections. 
A)  Possible rectal or vaginal bleeding, depending on wart location. 
B)  Flat, raised, or cauliflower-like warts at the vaginal opening AND detectable warts at the anus. 
C)  Possible rectal or vaginal bleeding, depending on wart location AND warts at the vaginal opening or anus. 
D)  Painless ulcer (chancre) at the site of pathogen entry AND pus containing diplococci. 
E)  These signs and symptoms are all associated with HPV infections.

Question 5

Which of the following genitourinary tract infections is a zoonosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Leptospirosis 
B)  Cystitis 
C)  Syphilis 
D)  M. genitalium infection 
E)  Genital herpes 
A)  Leptospirosis 
B)  Cystitis 
C)  Syphilis 
D)  M. genitalium infection 
E)  Genital herpes

Question 6

Treponema pallidum

Accepted Answer

A)  is the organism that causes syphilis. 
B)  is a spirochete. 
C)  can be more easily viewed with dark-field illumination. 
D)  has become less virulent over time. 
E)  All of the answer choices are correct. 
A)  is the organism that causes syphilis. 
B)  is a spirochete. 
C)  can be more easily viewed with dark-field illumination. 
D)  has become less virulent over time. 
E)  All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 7

Which of the following is associated with cervical cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gonorrhea 
B)  Genital warts 
C)  Syphilis 
D)  Chancroid 
E)  Genital herpes 
A)  Gonorrhea 
B)  Genital warts 
C)  Syphilis 
D)  Chancroid 
E)  Genital herpes

Question 8

Which of the following may lead to infertility?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cystitis 
B)  Pelvic inflammatory disease 
C)  Vaginosis 
D)  Pyelonephritis 
E)  All of these 
A)  Cystitis 
B)  Pelvic inflammatory disease 
C)  Vaginosis 
D)  Pyelonephritis 
E)  All of these

Question 9

Which of the following applies to gonorrhea?

Accepted Answer

A)  The causative agent is a slow-growing, bottle-shaped, Gram-positive bacterium. 
B)  The causative agent is a human-specific pathogen that survives poorly in the environment. 
C)  A trivalent vaccine protects people from the most virulent strains of N. gonorrhoeae. 
D)  Recovery from gonorrhea confers lifelong resistance to the causative agent. 
E)  The causative agent uses a capsule to attach to squamous epithelium and ciliated cells. 
A)  The causative agent is a slow-growing, bottle-shaped, Gram-positive bacterium. 
B)  The causative agent is a human-specific pathogen that survives poorly in the environment. 
C)  A trivalent vaccine protects people from the most virulent strains of N. gonorrhoeae. 
D)  Recovery from gonorrhea confers lifelong resistance to the causative agent. 
E)  The causative agent uses a capsule to attach to squamous epithelium and ciliated cells.

Question 10

Most strains of gonococcus do not survive long outside the body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Protease inhibitors are useful in curing AIDS.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The drug(s) used to treat genital herpes is/are

Accepted Answer

A)  penicillin AND acyclovir. 
B)  erythromycin AND famciclovir. 
C)  acyclovir AND erythromycin. 
D)  famciclovir AND penicillin. 
E)  acyclovir AND famciclovir. 
A)  penicillin AND acyclovir. 
B)  erythromycin AND famciclovir. 
C)  acyclovir AND erythromycin. 
D)  famciclovir AND penicillin. 
E)  acyclovir AND famciclovir.

Question 13

Genital herpes, like other ulcerating genital diseases,

Accepted Answer

A)  promotes the spread of AIDS. 
B)  inhibits the spread of AIDS. 
C)  inhibits the growth of other viral disease. 
D)  is easily cured with antibiotics. 
E)  can be prevented by vaccination. 
A)  promotes the spread of AIDS. 
B)  inhibits the spread of AIDS. 
C)  inhibits the growth of other viral disease. 
D)  is easily cured with antibiotics. 
E)  can be prevented by vaccination.

Question 14

The treatment of neonates with an erythromycin ointment placed directly into the eyes is to prevent

Accepted Answer

A)  viral conjunctivitis. 
B)  ophthalmia neonatorum. 
C)  cataracts. 
D)  ocular herpes. 
E)  All of these. 
A)  viral conjunctivitis. 
B)  ophthalmia neonatorum. 
C)  cataracts. 
D)  ocular herpes. 
E)  All of these.

Question 15

You go for your regular Pap test and are informed by your OBGYN that you are positive for HPV16. You are surprised because you have not noticed any signs or symptoms of infection. Your doctor explains that sexually transmitted HPV strains are among the most common of the STI agents, and that while some HPV strains cause warty growths of the external and internal genitalia, other strains cause non-warty lesions of mucosal surfaces such as the uterine cervix. These strains are of concern because they are a major factor in the development of cervical cancer. You ask your doctor a number of questions regarding HPV and HPV infection.
-If I had developed external genital warts, how would I be cured of the HPV infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Freezing of warts with liquid nitrogen. 
B)  Surgical excision of the warts. 
C)  Acid treatment of the warts using trichloroacetic acid. 
D)  Removal of the warts using creams that induce cytokine production. 
E)  None of these. Warts can be removed but HPV may remain and cause recurrences. 
A)  Freezing of warts with liquid nitrogen. 
B)  Surgical excision of the warts. 
C)  Acid treatment of the warts using trichloroacetic acid. 
D)  Removal of the warts using creams that induce cytokine production. 
E)  None of these. Warts can be removed but HPV may remain and cause recurrences.

Question 16

The reservoir of Treponema pallidum is the

Accepted Answer

A)  guinea pig. 
B)  fox. 
C)  bat. 
D)  birds. 
E)  human. 
A)  guinea pig. 
B)  fox. 
C)  bat. 
D)  birds. 
E)  human.

Question 17

Mycoplasma genitalium is an emerging cause of genital tract infections in men and women worldwide. The organism was discovered and identified only in the early 1980s. Rising incidence and increasing resistance to antimicrobial medications are problematic. You are asked by your nursing professor to prepare a short presentation on this emerging disease. The questions that follow are those that you anticipate that being asked by your classmates.
-People who contract M. genitalium infections are also at risk of acquiring other STIs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Trichomonas vaginalis is an unusual eukaryote in that it

Accepted Answer

A)  has chloroplasts. 
B)  lacks mitochondria. 
C)  has flagella. 
D)  lacks a nuclear membrane. 
E)  has 80S ribosomes. 
A)  has chloroplasts. 
B)  lacks mitochondria. 
C)  has flagella. 
D)  lacks a nuclear membrane. 
E)  has 80S ribosomes.

Question 19

Leptospirosis is contracted

Accepted Answer

A)  by eating infected animals. 
B)  by eating contaminated vegetables. 
C)  from exposure to contaminated animal urine. 
D)  via the respiratory route. 
E)  all of these. 
A)  by eating infected animals. 
B)  by eating contaminated vegetables. 
C)  from exposure to contaminated animal urine. 
D)  via the respiratory route. 
E)  all of these.

Question 20

Which of the following does not apply to staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A)  It may lead to kidney failure. 
B)  The causative organism produces superantigens. 
C)  The causative organism usually does not enter the bloodstream. 
D)  Person-to-person spread frequently occurs. 
E)  It is can occur in males and females. 
A)  It may lead to kidney failure. 
B)  The causative organism produces superantigens. 
C)  The causative organism usually does not enter the bloodstream. 
D)  Person-to-person spread frequently occurs. 
E)  It is can occur in males and females.

Exam 27: Genitourinary Tract Infections

Why might a person with an STI need to be checked for other STIs, even though he/she has no symptoms of any others?

Why is it not possible to culture Treponema pallidum in vitro?

Which of the following viruses maintains a latent state in nerve cells?

Which of the following genitourinary tract infections is a zoonosis?

Treponema pallidum

Which of the following is associated with cervical cancer?

Which of the following may lead to infertility?

Which of the following applies to gonorrhea?

Most strains of gonococcus do not survive long outside the body.

Protease inhibitors are useful in curing AIDS.

The drug(s) used to treat genital herpes is/are

Genital herpes, like other ulcerating genital diseases,

The treatment of neonates with an erythromycin ointment placed directly into the eyes is to prevent

The reservoir of Treponema pallidum is the

Trichomonas vaginalis is an unusual eukaryote in that it

Leptospirosis is contracted

Which of the following does not apply to staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome?

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Microscopy and Cell Structure

Dynamics of Microbial Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, from DNA to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology

Identifying and Classifying Microorganisms

The Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunological Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Nervous System Infections

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

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