Question 1

Toxic shock syndrome

Accepted Answer

A)  is due to exotoxins produced by Streptococcus pyogenes. 
B)  is due to exotoxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus. 
C)  may spread from person to person. 
D)  has a very low rate of recurrence, approximately 1%. 
E)  is always the result of using super-absorbent tampons. 
A)  is due to exotoxins produced by Streptococcus pyogenes. 
B)  is due to exotoxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus. 
C)  may spread from person to person. 
D)  has a very low rate of recurrence, approximately 1%. 
E)  is always the result of using super-absorbent tampons.

Question 2

Untreated gonorrhea in males may lead to all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  sterility. 
B)  urinary tract infections. 
C)  prostatic abscesses. 
D)  orchitis. 
E)  pelvic inflammatory disease. 
A)  sterility. 
B)  urinary tract infections. 
C)  prostatic abscesses. 
D)  orchitis. 
E)  pelvic inflammatory disease.

Question 3

The hard chancre in primary syphilis is caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  an intense inflammatory response. 
B)  an antibody response. 
C)  rejection of the invaded tissue. 
D)  sepsis due to spread of the organism. 
E)  a type III hypersensitivity. 
A)  an intense inflammatory response. 
B)  an antibody response. 
C)  rejection of the invaded tissue. 
D)  sepsis due to spread of the organism. 
E)  a type III hypersensitivity.

Question 4

Bacterial cystitis

Accepted Answer

A)  may occur through the use of a catheter. 
B)  is typically caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 
C)  is an uncommon nosocomial disease. 
D)  is common in men under 50. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  may occur through the use of a catheter. 
B)  is typically caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 
C)  is an uncommon nosocomial disease. 
D)  is common in men under 50. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 5

Mycoplasma genitalium is an emerging cause of genital tract infections in men and women worldwide. The organism was discovered and identified only in the early 1980s. Rising incidence and increasing resistance to antimicrobial medications are problematic. You are asked by your nursing professor to prepare a short presentation on this emerging disease. The questions that follow are those that you anticipate that being asked by your classmates.
-Select the False statement regarding Mycoplasma genitalium.

Accepted Answer

A)  M. genitalium is flask- or bottle-shaped, with a terminal projection. 
B)  The organism is fastidious and has a slow generation time. 
C)  M. genitalium transmission is through direct mucosal contact. 
D)  This organism is classified as a psychrotroph or psychrophile. 
E)  M. genitalium acquires many nutrients from the host cell. 
A)  M. genitalium is flask- or bottle-shaped, with a terminal projection. 
B)  The organism is fastidious and has a slow generation time. 
C)  M. genitalium transmission is through direct mucosal contact. 
D)  This organism is classified as a psychrotroph or psychrophile. 
E)  M. genitalium acquires many nutrients from the host cell.

Question 6

Which of the following is a small, fastidious Gram-negative rod?

Accepted Answer

A)  Escherichia coli. 
B)  Treponema pallidum. 
C)  Neisseria gonorrheae. 
D)  Haemophilus ducreyi. 
E)  Mycoplasma genitalium. 
A)  Escherichia coli. 
B)  Treponema pallidum. 
C)  Neisseria gonorrheae. 
D)  Haemophilus ducreyi. 
E)  Mycoplasma genitalium.

Question 7

Trichomonas vaginalis lacks mitochondria.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Why is tertiary syphilis difficult to treat?

Accepted Answer

A)  The bacteria are no longer actively multiplying, and antibiotics work against dividing cells. 
B)  The bacteria have moved into deep tissues that are not accessible by medications. 
C)  The bacteria have migrated to the brain, which is protected by the blood-brain barrier. 
D)  The bacteria have formed biofilms, which protect them from the effects of antibiotics. 
E)  The bacteria have formed endospores, which are resistant to the effects of antibiotics. 
A)  The bacteria are no longer actively multiplying, and antibiotics work against dividing cells. 
B)  The bacteria have moved into deep tissues that are not accessible by medications. 
C)  The bacteria have migrated to the brain, which is protected by the blood-brain barrier. 
D)  The bacteria have formed biofilms, which protect them from the effects of antibiotics. 
E)  The bacteria have formed endospores, which are resistant to the effects of antibiotics.

Question 9

HIV may be present in

Accepted Answer

A)  blood, semen, AND tears. 
B)  semen, vaginal secretions, AND tears. 
C)  tears, sweat, AND colostrum. 
D)  vaginal secretions, colostrum, AND sweat. 
E)  blood, semen, AND vaginal secretions. 
A)  blood, semen, AND tears. 
B)  semen, vaginal secretions, AND tears. 
C)  tears, sweat, AND colostrum. 
D)  vaginal secretions, colostrum, AND sweat. 
E)  blood, semen, AND vaginal secretions.

Question 10

A disease in which the urinary system is infected from the bloodstream is

Accepted Answer

A)  cystitis. 
B)  leptospirosis. 
C)  pyelonephritis. 
D)  candidiasis. 
E)  sepsis. 
A)  cystitis. 
B)  leptospirosis. 
C)  pyelonephritis. 
D)  candidiasis. 
E)  sepsis.

Question 11

A frequent complication of untreated gonorrhea in women is

Accepted Answer

A)  pelvic inflammatory disease. 
B)  syphilis. 
C)  dysuria. 
D)  vaginal discharge. 
E)  orchitis. 
A)  pelvic inflammatory disease. 
B)  syphilis. 
C)  dysuria. 
D)  vaginal discharge. 
E)  orchitis.

Question 12

You go for your regular Pap test and are informed by your OBGYN that you are positive for HPV16. You are surprised because you have not noticed any signs or symptoms of infection. Your doctor explains that sexually transmitted HPV strains are among the most common of the STI agents, and that while some HPV strains cause warty growths of the external and internal genitalia, other strains cause non-warty lesions of mucosal surfaces such as the uterine cervix. These strains are of concern because they are a major factor in the development of cervical cancer. You ask your doctor a number of questions regarding HPV and HPV infection.
-Is the risk of developing cervical cancer the same for all strains of HPV?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes. HPV is a double-stranded DNA virus, so any HPV strain will definitely integrate into the host cell chromosome, becoming oncogenic and leading to the development of cancer. 
B)  No. Wart-causing HPV types exists in infected cells as extrachromosomal, closed DNA circles, while the genome of high-risk (cancer-associated) HPV types integrate into the chromosome of the host cell. 
C)  No. Wart-causing HPV types are double-stranded RNA viruses which are easily eliminated by the immune system while cancer-causing HPV types are double-stranded DNA viruses that can integrate into the host cell chromosome. 
D)  No. It depends on the infected person's immune system rather than the virus. Any HPV type can cause cancer but some people have a stronger immune system than others and are able to fight off the virus before it gets a chance to integrate into the host chromosome. 
E)  No. Wart-causing HPV types are double-stranded DNA viruses which are easily eliminated by the immune system while cancer-causing HPV types are retroviruses that can integrate into the host cell chromosome. 
A)  Yes. HPV is a double-stranded DNA virus, so any HPV strain will definitely integrate into the host cell chromosome, becoming oncogenic and leading to the development of cancer. 
B)  No. Wart-causing HPV types exists in infected cells as extrachromosomal, closed DNA circles, while the genome of high-risk (cancer-associated) HPV types integrate into the chromosome of the host cell. 
C)  No. Wart-causing HPV types are double-stranded RNA viruses which are easily eliminated by the immune system while cancer-causing HPV types are double-stranded DNA viruses that can integrate into the host cell chromosome. 
D)  No. It depends on the infected person's immune system rather than the virus. Any HPV type can cause cancer but some people have a stronger immune system than others and are able to fight off the virus before it gets a chance to integrate into the host chromosome. 
E)  No. Wart-causing HPV types are double-stranded DNA viruses which are easily eliminated by the immune system while cancer-causing HPV types are retroviruses that can integrate into the host cell chromosome.

Question 13

Urine contains antimicrobial substances.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The most common urinary tract infection is

Accepted Answer

A)  vulvovaginal candidiasis. 
B)  toxic shock syndrome. 
C)  bacterial cystitis. 
D)  bacterial vaginosis. 
E)  leptospirosis. 
A)  vulvovaginal candidiasis. 
B)  toxic shock syndrome. 
C)  bacterial cystitis. 
D)  bacterial vaginosis. 
E)  leptospirosis.

Question 15

HIV attacks a variety of cell types but the most critical are

Accepted Answer

A)  red blood cells. 
B)  nerve cells. 
C)  platelets. 
D)  T helper cells. 
E)  T cytotoxic cells. 
A)  red blood cells. 
B)  nerve cells. 
C)  platelets. 
D)  T helper cells. 
E)  T cytotoxic cells.

Question 16

Which one of the following statements about bacterial vaginosis is False?

Accepted Answer

A)  Women with BV always experience inflammation of the vagina. 
B)  In pregnant women, it is associated with premature delivery. 
C)  It is the most common vaginal disease in women of childbearing age. 
D)  The vaginal microbiota shows a decrease in lactobacilli and an increase in anaerobic bacteria. 
E)  Treatment of the male sex partners of patients with BV does not prevent recurrences. 
A)  Women with BV always experience inflammation of the vagina. 
B)  In pregnant women, it is associated with premature delivery. 
C)  It is the most common vaginal disease in women of childbearing age. 
D)  The vaginal microbiota shows a decrease in lactobacilli and an increase in anaerobic bacteria. 
E)  Treatment of the male sex partners of patients with BV does not prevent recurrences.

Question 17

HIV typically attaches to

Accepted Answer

A)  CD4 protein. 
B)  CD8 protein. 
C)  protein A. 
D)  complement component C3b. 
E)  complement component C5a. 
A)  CD4 protein. 
B)  CD8 protein. 
C)  protein A. 
D)  complement component C3b. 
E)  complement component C5a.

Question 18

Staphylococcus aureus is the causative agent of

Accepted Answer

A)  bacterial vaginosis. 
B)  puerperal fever. 
C)  toxic shock syndrome. 
D)  gas gangrene. 
E)  bacterial vaginosis AND puerperal fever. 
A)  bacterial vaginosis. 
B)  puerperal fever. 
C)  toxic shock syndrome. 
D)  gas gangrene. 
E)  bacterial vaginosis AND puerperal fever.

Question 19

The incubation period of gonorrhea is approximately

Accepted Answer

A)  2-5 days. 
B)  1-2 weeks. 
C)  14-21 days. 
D)  several months. 
E)  24 hours. 
A)  2-5 days. 
B)  1-2 weeks. 
C)  14-21 days. 
D)  several months. 
E)  24 hours.

Question 20

Toxic shock syndrome toxins are superantigens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 27: Genitourinary Tract Infections

Toxic shock syndrome

Untreated gonorrhea in males may lead to all of the following EXCEPT

The hard chancre in primary syphilis is caused by

Bacterial cystitis

Which of the following is a small, fastidious Gram-negative rod?

Trichomonas vaginalis lacks mitochondria.

Why is tertiary syphilis difficult to treat?

HIV may be present in

A disease in which the urinary system is infected from the bloodstream is

A frequent complication of untreated gonorrhea in women is

Urine contains antimicrobial substances.

The most common urinary tract infection is

HIV attacks a variety of cell types but the most critical are

Which one of the following statements about bacterial vaginosis is False?

HIV typically attaches to

Staphylococcus aureus is the causative agent of

The incubation period of gonorrhea is approximately

Toxic shock syndrome toxins are superantigens.

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Microscopy and Cell Structure

Dynamics of Microbial Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, from DNA to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology

Identifying and Classifying Microorganisms

The Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunological Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Nervous System Infections

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

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