Question 1

The low molecular weight protein produced by animal cells in response to viral infections is

Accepted Answer

A)  complement. 
B)  lysozyme. 
C)  histamine. 
D)  interferon. 
E)  transferrin. 
A)  complement. 
B)  lysozyme. 
C)  histamine. 
D)  interferon. 
E)  transferrin.

Question 2

The complement pathway that is activated by mannan-binding protein is the

Accepted Answer

A)  classical pathway. 
B)  alternative pathway. 
C)  C3 pathway. 
D)  lectin pathway. 
E)  properdin pathway. 
A)  classical pathway. 
B)  alternative pathway. 
C)  C3 pathway. 
D)  lectin pathway. 
E)  properdin pathway.

Question 3

Your first patient of the day is complaining of pain in the area of his new tattoo. When you examine the tattoo, you note that the area around it is firm, red, and swollen. There is no evidence of pus, and your patient has a normal pulse, and no fever. You tell your patient that you have seen this type of response to a tattoo before, and that it is called a granulomatous reaction. You give him more information on the condition
-You tell your patient that tattoo ink can sometimes cause the skin reaction he is experiencing; red ink in particular can cause this because it commonly contains mercury and/or other heavy metals. Your patient has developed a granuloma at the site of his tattoo. When he asks you what a granuloma is, you tell him

Accepted Answer

A)  a collection of macrophages, giant cells, and T cells. 
B)  a collection of neutrophils, giant cells, eosinophils and red blood cells. 
C)  a mass of macrophages, activated complement proteins, and keratin. 
D)  an acute inflammation response involving mast cells and dendritic cells. 
E)  a collection of microbes, keratin, and white blood cells. 
A)  a collection of macrophages, giant cells, and T cells. 
B)  a collection of neutrophils, giant cells, eosinophils and red blood cells. 
C)  a mass of macrophages, activated complement proteins, and keratin. 
D)  an acute inflammation response involving mast cells and dendritic cells. 
E)  a collection of microbes, keratin, and white blood cells.

Question 4

Allergic reactions mainly involve

Accepted Answer

A)  macrophages. 
B)  monocytes. 
C)  mast cells. 
D)  neutrophils. 
E)  eosinophils. 
A)  macrophages. 
B)  monocytes. 
C)  mast cells. 
D)  neutrophils. 
E)  eosinophils.

Question 5

Factors that work generically against any foreign substance entering the host are described as

Accepted Answer

A)  innate immunity. 
B)  specific immunity. 
C)  irregular immunity. 
D)  immune metabolism. 
E)  adaption. 
A)  innate immunity. 
B)  specific immunity. 
C)  irregular immunity. 
D)  immune metabolism. 
E)  adaption.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a leukocyte?

Accepted Answer

A)  B cell 
B)  Basophil 
C)  Macrophage 
D)  Neutrophil 
E)  These are all leukocytes 
A)  B cell 
B)  Basophil 
C)  Macrophage 
D)  Neutrophil 
E)  These are all leukocytes

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the interferon response?
1) IFN induces synthesis of inactive antiviral proteins (iAVPs).
2) Virus enters host cell (cell 1) and replicates, producing long dsRNA.
3) Activated AVPs induce apoptosis of infected cell.
4) dsRNA induces synthesis and secretion of IFN to neighboring cells. 
5) Entry of virus into cell armed with iAVPs (cell 2) activates these proteins.

Accepted Answer

A)  2, 4, 1, 5, 3 
B)  1, 2, 3, 4, 5 
C)  3, 1, 2, 5, 4 
D)  5, 4, 1, 2, 3 
E)  2, 1, 4, 3, 5 
A)  2, 4, 1, 5, 3 
B)  1, 2, 3, 4, 5 
C)  3, 1, 2, 5, 4 
D)  5, 4, 1, 2, 3 
E)  2, 1, 4, 3, 5

Question 8

Smoking impairs the ciliated cells of the middle portion of the respiratory tract. Many analgesic drugs (painkillers) impair peristalsis (the churning motion of the digestive tract). The result of either of these activities leads to an increased risk of infection in their respective areas. Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  The actions of the cells in these areas help to propel pathogens out of the area, serving as a part of the physical barrier system. When they are impaired/slowed, bacteria and other pathogens have an easier time adhering to the tissues in the area and causing an infection. 
B)  Ciliated cells also line the digestive tract, and these cells secrete strong natural antibacterial compounds. When they are impaired, bacteria can more easily infect these areas. 
C)  Chemicals in cigarette smoke and the chemicals in painkillers impair our immune systems, making us generally more predisposed to infections (regardless of the tissue area). 
D)  Chemicals in cigarette smoke and the chemicals in painkillers impair the ability of our immune system cells to move into areas that are infected. As such, they can't perform their job of eliminating microbes as well as they should and infections result more easily. 
E)  The actions of the cells in these areas help to propel pathogens into the stomach, where they are destroyed by acid. When they are impaired/slowed, bacteria and other pathogens do not get destroyed by and can cause an infection. 
A)  The actions of the cells in these areas help to propel pathogens out of the area, serving as a part of the physical barrier system. When they are impaired/slowed, bacteria and other pathogens have an easier time adhering to the tissues in the area and causing an infection. 
B)  Ciliated cells also line the digestive tract, and these cells secrete strong natural antibacterial compounds. When they are impaired, bacteria can more easily infect these areas. 
C)  Chemicals in cigarette smoke and the chemicals in painkillers impair our immune systems, making us generally more predisposed to infections (regardless of the tissue area). 
D)  Chemicals in cigarette smoke and the chemicals in painkillers impair the ability of our immune system cells to move into areas that are infected. As such, they can't perform their job of eliminating microbes as well as they should and infections result more easily. 
E)  The actions of the cells in these areas help to propel pathogens into the stomach, where they are destroyed by acid. When they are impaired/slowed, bacteria and other pathogens do not get destroyed by and can cause an infection.

Question 9

Fever often enhances bacterial survival during an infection.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Please identify the mismatched pair.

Accepted Answer

A)  Kupffer cells-liver 
B)  Microglial cells-brain 
C)  Alveolar macrophages-lungs 
D)  Mesangial macrophages-kidneys 
E)  Peritoneal macrophages-meninges 
A)  Kupffer cells-liver 
B)  Microglial cells-brain 
C)  Alveolar macrophages-lungs 
D)  Mesangial macrophages-kidneys 
E)  Peritoneal macrophages-meninges

Question 11

The four cardinal signs of inflammation are

Accepted Answer

A)  Flare, wheals, fever, cough 
B)  Redness, heat, swelling, pain 
C)  Rash, pus, heat, rubor 
D)  Heat, pain, vesicles, fever 
E)  Heat, pain, redness, fainting 
A)  Flare, wheals, fever, cough 
B)  Redness, heat, swelling, pain 
C)  Rash, pus, heat, rubor 
D)  Heat, pain, vesicles, fever 
E)  Heat, pain, redness, fainting

Question 12

How do some pathogens prevent complement activation or avoid the effects of activated complement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some pathogens produce C5a peptidase that destroys complement C5a, a chemoattractant that recruits phagocytes to the area of infection. 
B)  Some pathogens hijack the host's regulatory membrane proteins that inactivate C3b, preventing the triggering of the alternative activation pathway. 
C)  Some pathogens produce C5a peptidase that causes destruction of phagoctyes recruited to the area of infection. 
D)  Some pathogens hijack the host's regulatory membrane proteins that inactivate C3b, preventing the triggering of the alternative activation pathway AND some pathogens produce C5a peptidase that destroys complement C5a, a chemoattractant that recruits phagocytes to the area of infection. 
E)  Some pathogens hijack the host's regulatory membrane proteins that inactivate C3b, preventing the triggering of the alternative activation pathway AND some pathogens produce C5a peptidase that causes destruction of phagoctyes recruited to the area of infection. 
A)  Some pathogens produce C5a peptidase that destroys complement C5a, a chemoattractant that recruits phagocytes to the area of infection. 
B)  Some pathogens hijack the host's regulatory membrane proteins that inactivate C3b, preventing the triggering of the alternative activation pathway. 
C)  Some pathogens produce C5a peptidase that causes destruction of phagoctyes recruited to the area of infection. 
D)  Some pathogens hijack the host's regulatory membrane proteins that inactivate C3b, preventing the triggering of the alternative activation pathway AND some pathogens produce C5a peptidase that destroys complement C5a, a chemoattractant that recruits phagocytes to the area of infection. 
E)  Some pathogens hijack the host's regulatory membrane proteins that inactivate C3b, preventing the triggering of the alternative activation pathway AND some pathogens produce C5a peptidase that causes destruction of phagoctyes recruited to the area of infection.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT True of phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phagocytic cells are recruited to the site of an injury by chemoattractants such as complement C3b. 
B)  The phagocytic cell binds microbial invaders and engulfs them by means of pseudopodia, internalizing them in a phagosome. 
C)  If a phagocyte encounters something too large to engulf, it releases its toxic contents as a means of destroying that invader. 
D)  Within a phagolysosome, O₂ consumption decreases dramatically, allowing an enzyme to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are toxic. 
E)  The phagolysosome releases undigested debris to the outside of the cell by fusing with the phagocyte's cytoplasmic membrane. 
A)  Phagocytic cells are recruited to the site of an injury by chemoattractants such as complement C3b. 
B)  The phagocytic cell binds microbial invaders and engulfs them by means of pseudopodia, internalizing them in a phagosome. 
C)  If a phagocyte encounters something too large to engulf, it releases its toxic contents as a means of destroying that invader. 
D)  Within a phagolysosome, O₂ consumption decreases dramatically, allowing an enzyme to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are toxic. 
E)  The phagolysosome releases undigested debris to the outside of the cell by fusing with the phagocyte's cytoplasmic membrane.

Question 14

Fever

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibits bacterial growth AND speeds up the body's reactions. 
B)  enhances bacterial growth AND speeds up the body's reactions. 
C)  inhibits bacterial growth AND triggers complement activation. 
D)  speeds up the body's reactions AND triggers complement activation. 
E)  enhances bacterial growth AND triggers complement activation. 
A)  inhibits bacterial growth AND speeds up the body's reactions. 
B)  enhances bacterial growth AND speeds up the body's reactions. 
C)  inhibits bacterial growth AND triggers complement activation. 
D)  speeds up the body's reactions AND triggers complement activation. 
E)  enhances bacterial growth AND triggers complement activation.

Question 15

One of the strongest indications of infectious disease is

Accepted Answer

A)  a rash. 
B)  fever. 
C)  pustules. 
D)  vesicles. 
E)  vomiting. 
A)  a rash. 
B)  fever. 
C)  pustules. 
D)  vesicles. 
E)  vomiting.

Question 16

Which of the following is a bacterial product?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lactoferrin 
B)  Transferrin 
C)  Colicin 
D)  Defensin 
E)  Mucus 
A)  Lactoferrin 
B)  Transferrin 
C)  Colicin 
D)  Defensin 
E)  Mucus

Question 17

The first host response to a nonspecific tissue injury is described as

Accepted Answer

A)  inflammation. 
B)  reaction. 
C)  antibodies. 
D)  trauma. 
E)  fever. 
A)  inflammation. 
B)  reaction. 
C)  antibodies. 
D)  trauma. 
E)  fever.

Question 18

Mast cells are only found in the blood.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which activity of the virally invaded cell triggers production of interferon?

Accepted Answer

A)  Activation of rRNA 
B)  Movement of nuclear proteins to the cytoplasm 
C)  Production of glycolipids 
D)  Production of dsRNA 
E)  Production of dsDNA 
A)  Activation of rRNA 
B)  Movement of nuclear proteins to the cytoplasm 
C)  Production of glycolipids 
D)  Production of dsRNA 
E)  Production of dsDNA

Question 20

The complement pathway that is activated by binding of C3b to cell surfaces is the

Accepted Answer

A)  classical pathway. 
B)  alternate pathway. 
C)  C3 pathway. 
D)  mucociliary pathway. 
E)  All of the answer choices are correct. 
A)  classical pathway. 
B)  alternate pathway. 
C)  C3 pathway. 
D)  mucociliary pathway. 
E)  All of the answer choices are correct.

Exam 14: The Innate Immune Response

The low molecular weight protein produced by animal cells in response to viral infections is

The complement pathway that is activated by mannan-binding protein is the

Allergic reactions mainly involve

Factors that work generically against any foreign substance entering the host are described as

Which of the following is NOT a leukocyte?

Smoking impairs the ciliated cells of the middle portion of the respiratory tract. Many analgesic drugs (painkillers) impair peristalsis (the churning motion of the digestive tract). The result of either of these activities leads to an increased risk of infection in their respective areas. Why?

Fever often enhances bacterial survival during an infection.

Please identify the mismatched pair.

The four cardinal signs of inflammation are

How do some pathogens prevent complement activation or avoid the effects of activated complement?

Which of the following is NOT True of phagocytosis?

Fever

One of the strongest indications of infectious disease is

Which of the following is a bacterial product?

The first host response to a nonspecific tissue injury is described as

Mast cells are only found in the blood.

Which activity of the virally invaded cell triggers production of interferon?

The complement pathway that is activated by binding of C3b to cell surfaces is the

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Microscopy and Cell Structure

Dynamics of Microbial Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, from DNA to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology

Identifying and Classifying Microorganisms

The Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunological Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Nervous System Infections

Genitourinary Tract Infections

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

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