Question 1

Which of the following are transmitted by mosquitoes?

Accepted Answer

A)  plague AND yellow fever. 
B)  yellow fever AND tularemia. 
C)  yellow fever AND malaria. 
D)  malaria AND tularemia. 
E)  tularemia AND plague. 
A)  plague AND yellow fever. 
B)  yellow fever AND tularemia. 
C)  yellow fever AND malaria. 
D)  malaria AND tularemia. 
E)  tularemia AND plague.

Question 2

Which of the following contribute(s) to lung damage in people with sepsis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased capillary leakage of plasma AND damaging lysosomal enzymes released from leukocytes. 
B)  Damaging lysosomal enzymes released from leukocytes AND organ damage from clots in capillaries. 
C)  Depletion of clotting proteins AND decreased muscle tone of heart and arteries. 
D)  Depletion of clotting proteins AND damaging lysosomal enzymes released from leukocytes. 
E)  Decreased muscle tone of heart and arteries AND increased capillary leakage of plasma. 
A)  Increased capillary leakage of plasma AND damaging lysosomal enzymes released from leukocytes. 
B)  Damaging lysosomal enzymes released from leukocytes AND organ damage from clots in capillaries. 
C)  Depletion of clotting proteins AND decreased muscle tone of heart and arteries. 
D)  Depletion of clotting proteins AND damaging lysosomal enzymes released from leukocytes. 
E)  Decreased muscle tone of heart and arteries AND increased capillary leakage of plasma.

Question 3

You go hiking in the woods with some of your classmates. A few days after the hike, your friend Alice calls to tell you she is not feeling well and that she is going to skip soccer practice that evening. She says she has a weird rash on her leg and wonders if she was bitten by a spider while your were hiking. She sends you a photo of the rash. You are in your final semester of nursing school and have recently studied disease of the cardiovascular system. You think that the rash that Alice has is a sign of Lyme disease, and offer to take her to the urgent care to get medical help. While you are waiting to see a clinician, you review answer Alice's questions about Lyme disease.
-What is unusual about Borrelia bergdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Borrelia bergdorferi is a pathogenic spirochete. 
B)  The bacterium is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic pathogen. 
C)  The organism contains plasmids that have genes normally found on the chromosome. 
D)  B. bergdorferi causes flu-like signs and symptoms when it first infects a host. 
E)  The cells have a thin peptidoglycan cell wall with an outer membrane containing LPS. 
A)  Borrelia bergdorferi is a pathogenic spirochete. 
B)  The bacterium is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic pathogen. 
C)  The organism contains plasmids that have genes normally found on the chromosome. 
D)  B. bergdorferi causes flu-like signs and symptoms when it first infects a host. 
E)  The cells have a thin peptidoglycan cell wall with an outer membrane containing LPS.

Question 4

What leads to organ failure in sepsis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Uncontrolled inflammation that leads to neutrohpils releasing damaging toxins and lysosomal enzymes. 
B)  Helper T cells and dendritic cells undergo apoptosis, causing immunosuppression that results in organ rejection. 
C)  Formation of small clots in capillaries, impairing blood flow to organs and causing hypoxia and cell death. 
D)  Accumulation of endotoxins released from Gram-negative bacteria in the organs, causing tissue damage and cell death. 
E)  Organisms from an infected site generate biofilms that break apart, leading to emboli and organ destruction. 
A)  Uncontrolled inflammation that leads to neutrohpils releasing damaging toxins and lysosomal enzymes. 
B)  Helper T cells and dendritic cells undergo apoptosis, causing immunosuppression that results in organ rejection. 
C)  Formation of small clots in capillaries, impairing blood flow to organs and causing hypoxia and cell death. 
D)  Accumulation of endotoxins released from Gram-negative bacteria in the organs, causing tissue damage and cell death. 
E)  Organisms from an infected site generate biofilms that break apart, leading to emboli and organ destruction.

Question 5

A visible red streak in an infected hand or foot is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  septicemia. 
B)  bacteremia. 
C)  lymphangitis. 
D)  edema. 
E)  plasmitis. 
A)  septicemia. 
B)  bacteremia. 
C)  lymphangitis. 
D)  edema. 
E)  plasmitis.

Question 6

The inflammatory effect of immune complexes lodged in the kidney is called

Accepted Answer

A)  renal phritis. 
B)  glomerulonephritis. 
C)  rendema. 
D)  urethritis. 
E)  endophritis. 
A)  renal phritis. 
B)  glomerulonephritis. 
C)  rendema. 
D)  urethritis. 
E)  endophritis.

Question 7

The genes for the capsule and Yops of Yersinia pestis are carried on a plasmid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The production of heterophile antibody is associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  tularemia. 
B)  brucellosis. 
C)  plague. 
D)  infectious mononucleosis. 
E)  sepsis. 
A)  tularemia. 
B)  brucellosis. 
C)  plague. 
D)  infectious mononucleosis. 
E)  sepsis.

Question 9

What is the significance of immune complex formation in infective endocarditis?

Accepted Answer

A)  They can be deposited in tissues and organs, causing damage. 
B)  They lead to the formation of biofilms that are difficult to eliminate. 
C)  They cause disseminated intravascular coagulation. 
D)  They result in the enzymatic destruction of neutrophils and macrophages. 
E)  They lead to the development of autoimmunity. 
A)  They can be deposited in tissues and organs, causing damage. 
B)  They lead to the formation of biofilms that are difficult to eliminate. 
C)  They cause disseminated intravascular coagulation. 
D)  They result in the enzymatic destruction of neutrophils and macrophages. 
E)  They lead to the development of autoimmunity.

Question 10

Borrelia burgdorferi is a microaerophilic spirochete.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Enlargement of lymph nodes or spleen is often associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  tularemia AND plague. 
B)  brucellosis AND tularemia. 
C)  plague. 
D)  gastritis AND plague. 
E)  tularemia, brucellosis, AND plague. 
A)  tularemia AND plague. 
B)  brucellosis AND tularemia. 
C)  plague. 
D)  gastritis AND plague. 
E)  tularemia, brucellosis, AND plague.

Question 12

In infective endocarditis, septic emboli may break off. What is/are the possible outcome(s) of emboli in the circulation?

Accepted Answer

A)  They may block blood vessels, leading to death of the tissue supplied by the vessel. 
B)  They can cause a vessel to weaken and balloon out, forming an aneurysm. 
C)  They lead to the formation of immune complexes that lodge in the skin, the eyes, and other body structures. 
D)  They can cause a vessel to weaken and balloon out, forming an aneurysm AND they may block blood vessels, leading to death of the tissue supplied by the vessel. 
E)  They lead to the formation of immune complexes that lodge in the skin, the eyes, and other body structures AND they can cause a vessel to weaken and balloon out, forming an aneurysm. 
A)  They may block blood vessels, leading to death of the tissue supplied by the vessel. 
B)  They can cause a vessel to weaken and balloon out, forming an aneurysm. 
C)  They lead to the formation of immune complexes that lodge in the skin, the eyes, and other body structures. 
D)  They can cause a vessel to weaken and balloon out, forming an aneurysm AND they may block blood vessels, leading to death of the tissue supplied by the vessel. 
E)  They lead to the formation of immune complexes that lodge in the skin, the eyes, and other body structures AND they can cause a vessel to weaken and balloon out, forming an aneurysm.

Question 13

What is the difference between "bacteremia" and "sepsis"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacteremia is an infection with bacteria. Sepsis is an infection with Septic protozoans. 
B)  Bacteremia is the presence of living, multiplying bacteria in the bloodstream. Sepsis is the presence of endotoxins, but not necessarily of living microbial agents. 
C)  Sepsis is the presence of living, multiplying bacteria in the bloodstream. Bacteremia is the presence of endotoxins, but not necessarily of living microbial agents. 
D)  Bacteremia is a serious infection that is almost always fatal. Sepsis is less serious and can usually be treated with broad spectrum antibiotics. 
E)  There is no difference; both terms indicate the presence of living bacterial cells in the bloodstream. 
A)  Bacteremia is an infection with bacteria. Sepsis is an infection with Septic protozoans. 
B)  Bacteremia is the presence of living, multiplying bacteria in the bloodstream. Sepsis is the presence of endotoxins, but not necessarily of living microbial agents. 
C)  Sepsis is the presence of living, multiplying bacteria in the bloodstream. Bacteremia is the presence of endotoxins, but not necessarily of living microbial agents. 
D)  Bacteremia is a serious infection that is almost always fatal. Sepsis is less serious and can usually be treated with broad spectrum antibiotics. 
E)  There is no difference; both terms indicate the presence of living bacterial cells in the bloodstream.

Exam 25: Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Which of the following are transmitted by mosquitoes?

Which of the following contribute(s) to lung damage in people with sepsis?

What leads to organ failure in sepsis?

A visible red streak in an infected hand or foot is referred to as

The inflammatory effect of immune complexes lodged in the kidney is called

The genes for the capsule and Yops of Yersinia pestis are carried on a plasmid.

The production of heterophile antibody is associated with

What is the significance of immune complex formation in infective endocarditis?

Borrelia burgdorferi is a microaerophilic spirochete.

Enlargement of lymph nodes or spleen is often associated with

In infective endocarditis, septic emboli may break off. What is/are the possible outcome(s) of emboli in the circulation?

What is the difference between "bacteremia" and "sepsis"?

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Microscopy and Cell Structure

Dynamics of Microbial Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, from DNA to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology

Identifying and Classifying Microorganisms

The Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunological Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Nervous System Infections

Genitourinary Tract Infections

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

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