Question 1

On the basis of the following diagram, which of the following lung segments is being drained?

Accepted Answer

A)  Posterior segment of the right upper lobe 
B)  Apical segment of the right upper lobe 
C)  Posterior basal segments of both lower lobes 
D)  Anterior segments of both upper lobes 
A)  Posterior segment of the right upper lobe 
B)  Apical segment of the right upper lobe 
C)  Posterior basal segments of both lower lobes 
D)  Anterior segments of both upper lobes C

Question 2

A patient with an excessive amount of secretions and atelectasis has been receiving ACT. The most commonly cited complication is _____________________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  hypoxemia 
B)  hypercapnia 
C)  alterations of blood pressure 
D)  tachycardia 
A)  hypoxemia 
B)  hypercapnia 
C)  alterations of blood pressure 
D)  tachycardia A

Question 3

A respiratory therapist has been assigned to administer CPT to a patient with cystic fibrosis. What areas of the body should the RT avoid when percussing the patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Intercostal spaces 
B)  Areas of subcutaneous emphysema 
C)  Precordium 
D)  Areas between the scapulas 
A)  Intercostal spaces 
B)  Areas of subcutaneous emphysema 
C)  Precordium 
D)  Areas between the scapulas B

Question 4

On the basis of the following diagram, which of the following lung segments is being drained?

Accepted Answer

A)  Right middle lobe 
B)  Left lingular segment of the lower lobe 
C)  Lateral basal segment of the right lower lobe 
D)  Apical-posterior segment of the left upper lobe 
A)  Right middle lobe 
B)  Left lingular segment of the lower lobe 
C)  Lateral basal segment of the right lower lobe 
D)  Apical-posterior segment of the left upper lobe

Question 5

During autogenic drainage, at which of the following levels does the patient begin breathing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Total lung capacity 
B)  Inspiratory reserve volume 
C)  Expiratory reserve volume 
D)  Inspiratory capacity 
A)  Total lung capacity 
B)  Inspiratory reserve volume 
C)  Expiratory reserve volume 
D)  Inspiratory capacity

Question 6

Which of the following maneuvers is characterized by having a patient forcibly exhale, from a middle to low lung volume, through an open glottis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Autogenic drainage 
B)  Forced expiratory technique 
C)  Positive expiratory pressure 
D)  Active cycle of breathing 
A)  Autogenic drainage 
B)  Forced expiratory technique 
C)  Positive expiratory pressure 
D)  Active cycle of breathing

Question 7

The following postural drainage positions are shown for an infant patient.   Which of the diagrams demonstrates the postural drainage position for draining the lingular segments of the left upper lobe in an infant?

Accepted Answer

A)  Image A 
B)  Image B 
C)  Image C 
D)  Image D 
A)  Image A 
B)  Image B 
C)  Image C 
D)  Image D

Question 8

By which of the following mechanisms are high-frequency chest compressions purported to mobilize tracheobronchial secretions?

Accepted Answer

A)  By dislodging mucus directly from bronchial walls 
B)  By advancing the mucociliary escalator at a faster than normal rate 
C)  By mechanically lysing long molecules of mucus into smaller, more mobile segments 
D)  By generating brief periods of high expiratory airflow 
A)  By dislodging mucus directly from bronchial walls 
B)  By advancing the mucociliary escalator at a faster than normal rate 
C)  By mechanically lysing long molecules of mucus into smaller, more mobile segments 
D)  By generating brief periods of high expiratory airflow

Question 9

Which of the following clinical parameters are important to determine a positive response to ACT?
I. Changes in sputum color
II. Breath sounds
III. Vital signs
IV. Lung mechanics

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II, and III only 
B)  II and III only 
C)  III and IV only 
D)  II, III, and IV only 
A)  I, II, and III only 
B)  II and III only 
C)  III and IV only 
D)  II, III, and IV only

Question 10

What is the most important variable used to assess the efficacy of CPT?

Accepted Answer

A)  Quality of the chest radiograph 
B)  Degree and persistence of coughing 
C)  Changes in the color and consistency of mucus 
D)  Amount of mucus obtained during and after treatment 
A)  Quality of the chest radiograph 
B)  Degree and persistence of coughing 
C)  Changes in the color and consistency of mucus 
D)  Amount of mucus obtained during and after treatment

Question 11

A respiratory therapist has been assigned to administer ACT to a patient with acute lobar atelectasis. What should the RT consider to determine the length and frequency of the treatment?
I. Most pediatric patients require ACTs for at least 60 minutes.
II. ACT is rarely needed more than every 4 hours.
III. ACT orders should be evaluated at least every 48 hours for patients in the ICU.
IV. ACT for patients with atelectasis due to CF requires at least 30 to 45 minutes.

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II, and III only 
B)  II and III only 
C)  III and IV only 
D)  II, III, and IV only 
A)  I, II, and III only 
B)  II and III only 
C)  III and IV only 
D)  II, III, and IV only

Question 12

What do postural drainage, positive expiratory pressure therapy, autogenic drainage, forced expiration techniques, and high-frequency chest compressions have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  They dislodge mucus from the bronchial walls of patients. 
B)  They attempt to prevent dynamic airway collapse. 
C)  They work toward increasing the functional residual capacity of patients. 
D)  They are intended to promote the ability of patients to generate effective coughs. 
A)  They dislodge mucus from the bronchial walls of patients. 
B)  They attempt to prevent dynamic airway collapse. 
C)  They work toward increasing the functional residual capacity of patients. 
D)  They are intended to promote the ability of patients to generate effective coughs.

Question 13

What are the main components of the traditional airway clearance techniques?
I. Palpation of the chest wall
II. Postural drainage
III. Percussion
IV. Coughing

Accepted Answer

A)  II only 
B)  I and III only 
C)  II, III, and IV only 
D)  I, II, III, and IV 
A)  II only 
B)  I and III only 
C)  II, III, and IV only 
D)  I, II, III, and IV

Question 14

Which of the following is the best explanation of why the therapist should routinely avoid advancing the catheter tip beyond the distal end of the endotracheal tube when performing endotracheal suctioning on a neonate?

Accepted Answer

A)  To reduce the risk of inadvertent extubation with the suction catheter 
B)  To prevent the development of bronchial stenosis and granulomas 
C)  To decrease the chance of removing too much lung volume 
D)  To minimize the risk of oxygen desaturation 
A)  To reduce the risk of inadvertent extubation with the suction catheter 
B)  To prevent the development of bronchial stenosis and granulomas 
C)  To decrease the chance of removing too much lung volume 
D)  To minimize the risk of oxygen desaturation

Question 15

The following postural drainage positions are shown for a pediatric patient.   Which of the diagrams demonstrates the postural drainage position for draining the posterior subsegment of the apical-posterior segment of the left upper lobe?

Accepted Answer

A)  Image B 
B)  Image C 
C)  Image A 
D)  Image D 
A)  Image B 
B)  Image C 
C)  Image A 
D)  Image D

Question 16

A respiratory therapist has been assigned to administer ACT to a number of patients on the ward. In which of the following conditions may ACT be beneficial?

Accepted Answer

A)  Asthma 
B)  Pneumonia 
C)  Bronchiolitis 
D)  Atelectasis 
A)  Asthma 
B)  Pneumonia 
C)  Bronchiolitis 
D)  Atelectasis

Question 17

A respiratory therapist has been assigned to administer ACT to a number of patients on the ward. In which of the following conditions may ACT be contraindicated?
I. Bronchial secretions
II. Frank hemoptysis
III. Empyema
IV. Untreated pneumothorax

Accepted Answer

A)  II, III, and IV 
B)  I, II, and IV only 
C)  III and IV only 
D)  I and IV only 
A)  II, III, and IV 
B)  I, II, and IV only 
C)  III and IV only 
D)  I and IV only

Question 18

A respiratory therapist has been assigned to administer FET to a 5-year-old patient. Since small children are typically unable to perform such a maneuver, what should the RT do at this time?

Accepted Answer

A)  Request to cancel the order and change therapy. 
B)  Try to instruct the child on how to perform FET. 
C)  Apply gentle chest wall compression during the expiratory phase. 
D)  Ask the child to forcefully cough after a deep breath. 
A)  Request to cancel the order and change therapy. 
B)  Try to instruct the child on how to perform FET. 
C)  Apply gentle chest wall compression during the expiratory phase. 
D)  Ask the child to forcefully cough after a deep breath.

Exam 12: Airway Clearance Techniques and Hyperinflation Therapy

On the basis of the following diagram, which of the following lung segments is being drained?

A patient with an excessive amount of secretions and atelectasis has been receiving ACT. The most commonly cited complication is _____________________________.

A respiratory therapist has been assigned to administer CPT to a patient with cystic fibrosis. What areas of the body should the RT avoid when percussing the patient?

On the basis of the following diagram, which of the following lung segments is being drained?

During autogenic drainage, at which of the following levels does the patient begin breathing?

Which of the following maneuvers is characterized by having a patient forcibly exhale, from a middle to low lung volume, through an open glottis?

The following postural drainage positions are shown for an infant patient. Which of the diagrams demonstrates the postural drainage position for draining the lingular segments of the left upper lobe in an infant?

By which of the following mechanisms are high-frequency chest compressions purported to mobilize tracheobronchial secretions?

Which of the following clinical parameters are important to determine a positive response to ACT? I. Changes in sputum color II. Breath sounds III. Vital signs IV. Lung mechanics

What is the most important variable used to assess the efficacy of CPT?

What do postural drainage, positive expiratory pressure therapy, autogenic drainage, forced expiration techniques, and high-frequency chest compressions have in common?

What are the main components of the traditional airway clearance techniques? I. Palpation of the chest wall II. Postural drainage III. Percussion IV. Coughing

Which of the following is the best explanation of why the therapist should routinely avoid advancing the catheter tip beyond the distal end of the endotracheal tube when performing endotracheal suctioning on a neonate?

The following postural drainage positions are shown for a pediatric patient. Which of the diagrams demonstrates the postural drainage position for draining the posterior subsegment of the apical-posterior segment of the left upper lobe?

A respiratory therapist has been assigned to administer ACT to a number of patients on the ward. In which of the following conditions may ACT be beneficial?

A respiratory therapist has been assigned to administer ACT to a number of patients on the ward. In which of the following conditions may ACT be contraindicated? I. Bronchial secretions II. Frank hemoptysis III. Empyema IV. Untreated pneumothorax

A respiratory therapist has been assigned to administer FET to a 5-year-old patient. Since small children are typically unable to perform such a maneuver, what should the RT do at this time?

Fetal Lung Development

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