Exam 5: Pulmonary Function Testing and Bedside Pulmonary Mechanics

The respiratory therapist places a face mask on an infant to measure FRC. What should the therapist do to minimize the presence of air leaks and improve accuracy of the test?

How is airway resistance calculated?

A child has been diagnosed with vocal cord dysfunction. Which of the following flow-volume loops demonstrates this condition?

How should the therapist interpret the following pressure-volume loop obtained from a mechanically ventilated infant?

According to the ATS-ERS acceptability criteria for an FVC maneuver performed on a 7-year-old child, what is considered a satisfactory exhalation time?

Pulmonary function testing has been ordered in an infant. Which of the following represents a potential risk to this infant?

A pre- and postbronchodilator, partial expiratory pressure-volume maneuver was performed on a 9-month-old boy. The child's prebronchodilator maxFRC was 67 mL/second and the postbronchodilator maxFRC was 94 mL/second. How should the therapist interpret these data?

Which of the following pulmonary function values characterizes an obstructive lung disorder? I. The forced vital capacity (FVC) is normal or decreased. II. The forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁) is decreased. III. The ratio of residual volume to total lung capacity (RV/TLC) is decreased. IV. RV is increased.

On the basis of the data presented below, calculate the time constant. $\bullet$ Tidal volume (VT), 600 mL $\bullet$ Respiratory rate (RR), 12 breaths per minute $\bullet$ Lung compliance (C), 0.2 L/cm H₂O $\bullet$ Airway resistance (Raw), 2.5 cm H₂O/L/second $\bullet$ Peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), 30 cm H₂O $\bullet$ Inspiratory time (TI), 2 seconds $\bullet$ Expiratory time (TE), 1 second

A reduction in the DlCO may indicate the presence of which of the following conditions? I. Pulmonary fibrosis II. Pulmonary edema III. Hematologic disorders IV. Acute hemorrhageous bleeds

Why must caution be exercised when using a face mask while performing pulmonary function testing on neonates?

On the basis of the bronchial provocation data presented in the following table, identify the PD20.

The therapist is reviewing a flow-volume loop obtained from a pediatric patient and observes decreased volume and normal flows. On the basis of this observation, how should the therapist interpret this finding?

Which of the following major forces opposes inspiration?

Which of the following factors is the most important determinant of high airway resistance and air trapping in small infants?

What is the clinical purpose for measuring the maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP)?

The respiratory therapist is looking at a flow-volume curve that displays a concave shape on the expiratory tracing. What is this change most consistent with?

On the partial expiratory flow-volume loop shown here, identify the point depicting the maximal expiratory flow at FRC.

Which of the following methods can be used to measure airway caliber on a 4-year-old patient with asthma?