Question 1

Which of the following forms of tracheoesophageal fistula and esophageal atresia is most common?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blind-ending upper esophageal pouch of variable length associated with a fistula from the lower trachea or main stem bronchi leading into the distal esophagus 
B)  An isolated esophageal atresia with a proximal blind-ending pouch and a "long gap" of missing esophagus above a small distal esophageal pouch 
C)  An esophageal atresia with a proximal and distal tracheoesophageal fistula 
D)  An isolated tracheoesophageal fistula presenting without atresia and usually occurring in the lower cervical or upper thoracic area 
A)  Blind-ending upper esophageal pouch of variable length associated with a fistula from the lower trachea or main stem bronchi leading into the distal esophagus 
B)  An isolated esophageal atresia with a proximal blind-ending pouch and a "long gap" of missing esophagus above a small distal esophageal pouch 
C)  An esophageal atresia with a proximal and distal tracheoesophageal fistula 
D)  An isolated tracheoesophageal fistula presenting without atresia and usually occurring in the lower cervical or upper thoracic area A

Question 2

About half of infants diagnosed with choanal atresia also have ______________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Abdominal compartment syndrome 
B)  VACTERL syndrome 
C)  CHARGE syndrome 
D)  Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome 
A)  Abdominal compartment syndrome 
B)  VACTERL syndrome 
C)  CHARGE syndrome 
D)  Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome C

Question 3

Which of the following are considered abdominal wall defects?
I. Gastroschisis
II. Congenital lobar emphysema
III. Omphalocele
IV. Pectus excavatum

Accepted Answer

A)  I and III only 
B)  II and III only 
C)  III and IV only 
D)  I, III, and IV only 
A)  I and III only 
B)  II and III only 
C)  III and IV only 
D)  I, III, and IV only A

Question 4

What are some of the complications associated with performing esophageal anastomoses to repair esophageal atresia that the therapist needs to be aware of?
I. Apnea
II. Bradycardia
III. Hyperventilation
IV. Recurrent pneumonia

Accepted Answer

A)  I and II only 
B)  III and IV only 
C)  I, II, and III only 
D)  I, II, and IV only 
A)  I and II only 
B)  III and IV only 
C)  I, II, and III only 
D)  I, II, and IV only

Question 5

Which of the following conditions is consistent with the presence of a scaphoid abdomen in a newborn with tachypnea?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neonatal pneumonia 
B)  Congenital diaphragmatic hernia 
C)  Tracheoesophageal fistula 
D)  Esophageal atresia 
A)  Neonatal pneumonia 
B)  Congenital diaphragmatic hernia 
C)  Tracheoesophageal fistula 
D)  Esophageal atresia

Question 6

What is the most common patient complaint associated with mild pectus excavatum?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cough 
B)  Dyspnea at rest 
C)  Cosmetic 
D)  Cardiac palpitations 
A)  Cough 
B)  Dyspnea at rest 
C)  Cosmetic 
D)  Cardiac palpitations

Question 7

Symptoms of a bronchogenic cyst are often related to which of the follwoing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Compromised immune system 
B)  Administration of antibiotics against resistant strains 
C)  Noncompliance with prescribed medications and bronchial hygiene techniques 
D)  Airway compression 
A)  Compromised immune system 
B)  Administration of antibiotics against resistant strains 
C)  Noncompliance with prescribed medications and bronchial hygiene techniques 
D)  Airway compression

Question 8

Why is pulmonary development often stifled in children who have asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because of gas exchange problems 
B)  Because the chest cavity is decreased 
C)  Because the thorax is too compliant 
D)  Because of a hypoplastic right ventricle 
A)  Because of gas exchange problems 
B)  Because the chest cavity is decreased 
C)  Because the thorax is too compliant 
D)  Because of a hypoplastic right ventricle

Question 9

What intervention should the therapist perform when an infant is born with choanal atresia in respiratory distress?

Accepted Answer

A)  Perform nasotracheal intubation. 
B)  Recommend a tracheotomy procedure. 
C)  Insert an oral airway. 
D)  Perform a cricothyroidotomy. 
A)  Perform nasotracheal intubation. 
B)  Recommend a tracheotomy procedure. 
C)  Insert an oral airway. 
D)  Perform a cricothyroidotomy.

Question 10

Which of the following conditions is consistent with micrognathia, glossoptosis, and cleft palate in a newborn?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pierre Robin syndrome 
B)  Choanal atresia 
C)  Treacher Collins syndrome 
D)  Esophageal atresia 
A)  Pierre Robin syndrome 
B)  Choanal atresia 
C)  Treacher Collins syndrome 
D)  Esophageal atresia

Question 11

After surgical repair of a congenital diaphragmatic hernia, what is the potential problem generated by the rapid shift of the contralateral lung and mediastinum?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inducing a pneumothorax 
B)  Causing pulmonary edema 
C)  Rupturing vascular structures 
D)  Tearing the sutured diaphragm on the ipsilateral side 
A)  Inducing a pneumothorax 
B)  Causing pulmonary edema 
C)  Rupturing vascular structures 
D)  Tearing the sutured diaphragm on the ipsilateral side

Question 12

A newborn presents with respiratory distress and has a chest radiograph that reveals a circular or ovoid mass with smooth edges. Which of the following lung bud anomalies is consistent with these clinical features?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bronchogenic cysts 
B)  Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformations 
C)  Pulmonary sequestration 
D)  Congenital lobar emphysema 
A)  Bronchogenic cysts 
B)  Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformations 
C)  Pulmonary sequestration 
D)  Congenital lobar emphysema

Question 13

Which of the following acronyms is associated with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula?

Accepted Answer

A)  VACTERL 
B)  PROM 
C)  CHARGE 
D)  PPHN 
A)  VACTERL 
B)  PROM 
C)  CHARGE 
D)  PPHN

Question 14

If a bronchopulmonary sequestration is suspected, what tool is used to help define the vascular anatomy for operative planning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chest radiography 
B)  Ventilation perfusion scan 
C)  CT angiogram 
D)  Electrocardiogram 
A)  Chest radiography 
B)  Ventilation perfusion scan 
C)  CT angiogram 
D)  Electrocardiogram

Question 15

A newborn is brought to the emergency room for difficulty breathing. The mother of the baby reports constant drooling, choking, and coughing episodes. What should the therapist suspect this condition is?

Accepted Answer

A)  Congenital diaphragmatic hernia 
B)  Tracheoesophageal fistula 
C)  Esophageal atresia 
D)  Pyloric dilation 
A)  Congenital diaphragmatic hernia 
B)  Tracheoesophageal fistula 
C)  Esophageal atresia 
D)  Pyloric dilation

Question 16

Which of the following clinical manifestations characterize congenital diaphragmatic hernia?
I. The herniated contents cause compression of the developing ipsilateral lung.
II. The ipsilateral side may be compressed from shifting of the mediastinum.
III. Histologic studies demonstrate increased musculature in the media of the arterioles.
IV. Lung tissue is hypoplastic, including the pulmonary vasculature, even on the contralateral side.

Accepted Answer

A)  I and III only 
B)  II and III only 
C)  III and IV only 
D)  I, III, and IV only 
A)  I and III only 
B)  II and III only 
C)  III and IV only 
D)  I, III, and IV only

Question 17

Which abnormality describes the overdistention of one or more lobes of the lung, most frequently the left upper lobe?

Accepted Answer

A)  Congenital lobar emphysema 
B)  Bronchopulmonary sequestration 
C)  Congenital pulmonary airway malformation 
D)  Bronchogenic cyst 
A)  Congenital lobar emphysema 
B)  Bronchopulmonary sequestration 
C)  Congenital pulmonary airway malformation 
D)  Bronchogenic cyst

Question 18

Which of the following interventions are used to treat congenital diaphragmatic hernia?
I. High-frequency oscillatory ventilation
II. Gastrointestinal tract decompression
III. Bag-mask ventilation immediately after birth
IV. A mean arterial blood pressure goal greater than 50 mm Hg

Accepted Answer

A)  I and III only 
B)  II and IV only 
C)  I, II, and IV only 
D)  II, III, and IV only 
A)  I and III only 
B)  II and IV only 
C)  I, II, and IV only 
D)  II, III, and IV only

Question 19

Which of the following is the most significant postoperative complication following primary esophageal anastomisis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Diaphragmatic hernia 
B)  Esophageal stricture 
C)  Choanal atresia 
D)  Pyloric dilation 
A)  Diaphragmatic hernia 
B)  Esophageal stricture 
C)  Choanal atresia 
D)  Pyloric dilation

Question 20

Which of the following interventions is used to treat the most severe cases of macroglossia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prone feeding positioning 
B)  Surgical intervention 
C)  Polysomnography to determine any effect on sleep is all that is required 
D)  Supine positioning 
A)  Prone feeding positioning 
B)  Surgical intervention 
C)  Polysomnography to determine any effect on sleep is all that is required 
D)  Supine positioning

Exam 23: Surgical Disorders in Childhood That Affect Respiratory Care

Which of the following forms of tracheoesophageal fistula and esophageal atresia is most common?

About half of infants diagnosed with choanal atresia also have ______________________.

Which of the following are considered abdominal wall defects? I. Gastroschisis II. Congenital lobar emphysema III. Omphalocele IV. Pectus excavatum

What are some of the complications associated with performing esophageal anastomoses to repair esophageal atresia that the therapist needs to be aware of? I. Apnea II. Bradycardia III. Hyperventilation IV. Recurrent pneumonia

Which of the following conditions is consistent with the presence of a scaphoid abdomen in a newborn with tachypnea?

What is the most common patient complaint associated with mild pectus excavatum?

Symptoms of a bronchogenic cyst are often related to which of the follwoing?

Why is pulmonary development often stifled in children who have asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy?

What intervention should the therapist perform when an infant is born with choanal atresia in respiratory distress?

Which of the following conditions is consistent with micrognathia, glossoptosis, and cleft palate in a newborn?

After surgical repair of a congenital diaphragmatic hernia, what is the potential problem generated by the rapid shift of the contralateral lung and mediastinum?

A newborn presents with respiratory distress and has a chest radiograph that reveals a circular or ovoid mass with smooth edges. Which of the following lung bud anomalies is consistent with these clinical features?

Which of the following acronyms is associated with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula?

If a bronchopulmonary sequestration is suspected, what tool is used to help define the vascular anatomy for operative planning?

A newborn is brought to the emergency room for difficulty breathing. The mother of the baby reports constant drooling, choking, and coughing episodes. What should the therapist suspect this condition is?

Which abnormality describes the overdistention of one or more lobes of the lung, most frequently the left upper lobe?

Which of the following interventions are used to treat congenital diaphragmatic hernia? I. High-frequency oscillatory ventilation II. Gastrointestinal tract decompression III. Bag-mask ventilation immediately after birth IV. A mean arterial blood pressure goal greater than 50 mm Hg

Which of the following is the most significant postoperative complication following primary esophageal anastomisis?

Which of the following interventions is used to treat the most severe cases of macroglossia?

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