Question 1

In order to decrease the risk of nasal irritation in newborns, what is the maximum flow rate recommended?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.5 L/minute 
B)  1 L/minute 
C)  2 L/minute 
D)  3 L/minute 
A)  0.5 L/minute 
B)  1 L/minute 
C)  2 L/minute 
D)  3 L/minute C

Question 2

The therapist has evaluated a neonate's oxygenation status to be as follows: PaO2 40 mm Hg, and SpO2 80%. What should the therapist do at this time?

Accepted Answer

A)  Continue monitoring the oxygen level of the neonate. 
B)  An FiO2 of 1.0 needs to be administered. 
C)  An FiO2 sufficient to raise the SpO2 to 90% needs to be given. 
D)  An FiO2 sufficient to elevate the PaO2 to 80 mm Hg should be provided. 
A)  Continue monitoring the oxygen level of the neonate. 
B)  An FiO2 of 1.0 needs to be administered. 
C)  An FiO2 sufficient to raise the SpO2 to 90% needs to be given. 
D)  An FiO2 sufficient to elevate the PaO2 to 80 mm Hg should be provided. C

Question 3

For which of the following conditions is a contraindication for the use of a high-flow nasal cannula?
I. Pneumothorax
II. Apnea of prematurity
III. Severe upper airway obstruction
IV. Lack of spontaneous breathing

Accepted Answer

A)  I, III, and IV only 
B)  I and III only 
C)  II and IV only 
D)  III and IV only 
A)  I, III, and IV only 
B)  I and III only 
C)  II and IV only 
D)  III and IV only A

Question 4

The therapist notices that the reservoir bag on a partial rebreathing mask being worn by a pediatric patient collapses completely during each inspiration. What should the therapist do at this time?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increase the flow to the device. 
B)  Decrease the flow to the apparatus. 
C)  Switch to a nonrebreathing mask. 
D)  Continue monitoring the patient as the device is operating correctly. 
A)  Increase the flow to the device. 
B)  Decrease the flow to the apparatus. 
C)  Switch to a nonrebreathing mask. 
D)  Continue monitoring the patient as the device is operating correctly.

Question 5

A child with an exacerbation of asthma is a candidate for the administration of heliox. Which of the following gas delivery devices is most suitable for its administration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nasal catheter 
B)  Simple mask 
C)  Partial rebreathing mask 
D)  Nonrebreathing mask 
A)  Nasal catheter 
B)  Simple mask 
C)  Partial rebreathing mask 
D)  Nonrebreathing mask

Question 6

The respiratory therapist is treating a hypoxemic child with a nasal cannula at 3 L/minute. However, after few hours the child becomes tachypneic, demonstrates shallow breathing, and becomes hypoxemic. What should the therapist do at this time?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increase flow rate on the cannula to 4 L/minute. 
B)  Switch to a partial rebreathing mask. 
C)  Switch to an air-entrainment mask. 
D)  Apply positive pressure ventilation. 
A)  Increase flow rate on the cannula to 4 L/minute. 
B)  Switch to a partial rebreathing mask. 
C)  Switch to an air-entrainment mask. 
D)  Apply positive pressure ventilation.

Question 7

Which of the following oxygen-delivery devices would be most suitable for an infant being treated for choanal atresia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nasal cannula 
B)  Nasal catheter 
C)  Oxygen hood 
D)  Oxygen mask 
A)  Nasal cannula 
B)  Nasal catheter 
C)  Oxygen hood 
D)  Oxygen mask

Question 8

When weaning an infant receiving oxygen from a nasal cannula attached to a low-flow flow meter set at 100%, what range represents the recommended oxygen flow reduction from the flow meter?

Accepted Answer

A)  Less than 0.1 L/minute 
B)  0.1 to 0.2 L/minute 
C)  0.2 to 0.3 L/minute 
D)  0.3 to 0.4 L/minute 
A)  Less than 0.1 L/minute 
B)  0.1 to 0.2 L/minute 
C)  0.2 to 0.3 L/minute 
D)  0.3 to 0.4 L/minute

Question 9

Which of the following disorders can develop in neonates as a result of receiving concentrations of oxygen that produce a high PaO2?

Accepted Answer

A)  Atelectasis 
B)  Hyperoxia 
C)  Retinopathy of prematurity 
D)  Bronchopulmonary dysplasia 
A)  Atelectasis 
B)  Hyperoxia 
C)  Retinopathy of prematurity 
D)  Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Question 10

In which of the following conditions is the oxygen-carrying capacity reduced despite the presence of a normal arterial oxygen tension?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carbon monoxide poisoning 
B)  Polycythemia 
C)  Heart failure 
D)  Cyanide poisoning 
A)  Carbon monoxide poisoning 
B)  Polycythemia 
C)  Heart failure 
D)  Cyanide poisoning

Question 11

Which of the following ranges of oxygen flow need to be set when administering oxygen to an infant via a simple mask?

Accepted Answer

A)  Less than 1 L/minute 
B)  1 to 6 L/minute 
C)  6 to 10 L/minute 
D)  Greater than 10 L/minute 
A)  Less than 1 L/minute 
B)  1 to 6 L/minute 
C)  6 to 10 L/minute 
D)  Greater than 10 L/minute

Question 12

How will excess condensate present in aerosol tubing affect the delivered FiO2?

Accepted Answer

A)  It will increase the FiO2. 
B)  It will decrease the FiO2. 
C)  It will only affect the FiO2 if in excess of 2 mL. 
D)  It will produce an unpredictable effect on the FiO2. 
A)  It will increase the FiO2. 
B)  It will decrease the FiO2. 
C)  It will only affect the FiO2 if in excess of 2 mL. 
D)  It will produce an unpredictable effect on the FiO2.

Question 13

Which of the following problems occurs as a result of absorption atelectasis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pulmonary vasodilation 
B)  Increased intrapulmonary shunting 
C)  Decreased alveolar pressure 
D)  Increased partial pressure of nitrogen in the blood 
A)  Pulmonary vasodilation 
B)  Increased intrapulmonary shunting 
C)  Decreased alveolar pressure 
D)  Increased partial pressure of nitrogen in the blood

Question 14

What is the minimum level of oxygen tension in a child that requires oxygen administration?

Accepted Answer

A)  PaO2 of 60 mm Hg 
B)  PaO2 of 80 mm Hg 
C)  SpO2 of 92% 
D)  SpO2 of 95% 
A)  PaO2 of 60 mm Hg 
B)  PaO2 of 80 mm Hg 
C)  SpO2 of 92% 
D)  SpO2 of 95%

Question 15

Where does the fetal oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve reside in comparison with the normal adult oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve?

Accepted Answer

A)  The two curves have the same position and coincide with each other. 
B)  The adult oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve lies to the left of the fetal curve. 
C)  The fetal oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve lies to the left of the adult curve. 
D)  The fetal oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve lies to the right of the adult curve. 
A)  The two curves have the same position and coincide with each other. 
B)  The adult oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve lies to the left of the fetal curve. 
C)  The fetal oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve lies to the left of the adult curve. 
D)  The fetal oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve lies to the right of the adult curve.

Question 16

Which of the following devices would be most appropriate to use for a 3-year-old patient who experiences immediate postextubation hypoxemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blow-by setup 
B)  Partial rebreathing mask 
C)  Aerosol mask 
D)  T-piece 
A)  Blow-by setup 
B)  Partial rebreathing mask 
C)  Aerosol mask 
D)  T-piece

Question 17

What is the concern when administering oxygen to a sedated infant who is wearing a nasal cannula?

Accepted Answer

A)  Too low of an FiO2 may be delivered. 
B)  Too high of an FiO2 may be given. 
C)  Gastric distention may develop. 
D)  The patient may stop breathing. 
A)  Too low of an FiO2 may be delivered. 
B)  Too high of an FiO2 may be given. 
C)  Gastric distention may develop. 
D)  The patient may stop breathing.

Exam 10: Oxygen Administration

In order to decrease the risk of nasal irritation in newborns, what is the maximum flow rate recommended?

The therapist has evaluated a neonate's oxygenation status to be as follows: PaO2 40 mm Hg, and SpO2 80%. What should the therapist do at this time?

For which of the following conditions is a contraindication for the use of a high-flow nasal cannula? I. Pneumothorax II. Apnea of prematurity III. Severe upper airway obstruction IV. Lack of spontaneous breathing

The therapist notices that the reservoir bag on a partial rebreathing mask being worn by a pediatric patient collapses completely during each inspiration. What should the therapist do at this time?

A child with an exacerbation of asthma is a candidate for the administration of heliox. Which of the following gas delivery devices is most suitable for its administration?

The respiratory therapist is treating a hypoxemic child with a nasal cannula at 3 L/minute. However, after few hours the child becomes tachypneic, demonstrates shallow breathing, and becomes hypoxemic. What should the therapist do at this time?

Which of the following oxygen-delivery devices would be most suitable for an infant being treated for choanal atresia?

When weaning an infant receiving oxygen from a nasal cannula attached to a low-flow flow meter set at 100%, what range represents the recommended oxygen flow reduction from the flow meter?

Which of the following disorders can develop in neonates as a result of receiving concentrations of oxygen that produce a high PaO2?

In which of the following conditions is the oxygen-carrying capacity reduced despite the presence of a normal arterial oxygen tension?

Which of the following ranges of oxygen flow need to be set when administering oxygen to an infant via a simple mask?

How will excess condensate present in aerosol tubing affect the delivered FiO2?

Which of the following problems occurs as a result of absorption atelectasis?

What is the minimum level of oxygen tension in a child that requires oxygen administration?

Where does the fetal oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve reside in comparison with the normal adult oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve?

Which of the following devices would be most appropriate to use for a 3-year-old patient who experiences immediate postextubation hypoxemia?

What is the concern when administering oxygen to a sedated infant who is wearing a nasal cannula?

Fetal Lung Development

Fetal Gas Exchange and Circulation

Antenatal Assessment and High-Risk Delivery

Examination and Assessment of the Neonatal and Pediatric Patient

Pulmonary Function Testing and Bedside Pulmonary Mechanics

Radiographic Assessment

Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy

Invasive Blood Gas Analysis and Cardiovascular Monitoring

Noninvasive Monitoring in Neonatal and Pediatric Care

Aerosols and Administration of Inhaled Medications

Airway Clearance Techniques and Hyperinflation Therapy

Airway Management

Surfactant Replacement Therapy

Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation and Continuous Positive Pressure of the Neonate

Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Infant and Child

Invasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Neonate and Pediatric Patient

Administration of Gas Mixtures

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Pharmacology

Thoracic Organ Transplantation

Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders

Surgical Disorders in Childhood That Affect Respiratory Care

Congenital Cardiac Defects

Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing

Pediatric Airway Disorders and Parenchymal Lung Diseases

Asthma

Cystic Fibrosis

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Shock

Pediatric Trauma

Disorders of the Pleura

Neurological and Neuromuscular Disorders

Transport of Infants and Children

Home Care

Quality and Safety

Filters

The therapist has evaluated a neonate's oxygenation status to be as follows: PaO₂ 40 mm Hg, and SpO₂ 80%. What should the therapist do at this time?

Which of the following disorders can develop in neonates as a result of receiving concentrations of oxygen that produce a high PaO₂?

How will excess condensate present in aerosol tubing affect the delivered FiO₂?