Question 1

When could kidneys, liver, and lungs be procured for transplantation from a patient with circulatory arrest?

Accepted Answer

A)  Within 30 minutes 
B)  Within 30 to 60 minutes 
C)  Within 2 hours 
D)  Within 4 hours 
A)  Within 30 minutes 
B)  Within 30 to 60 minutes 
C)  Within 2 hours 
D)  Within 4 hours B

Question 2

What are some reasons for the decline in heart-lung transplants among infants?
I. Difficulty in obtaining a donor
II. Decreased risk of cardiac rejection
III. Increased risk of premature coronary artery disease
IV. The practical advantage of using the heart-lung block for three separate donations

Accepted Answer

A)  I and IV only 
B)  II and III only 
C)  I, II, and III only 
D)  I, II, and IV only 
A)  I and IV only 
B)  II and III only 
C)  I, II, and III only 
D)  I, II, and IV only D

Question 3

Which of the following conditions typically makes lungs unsuitable for donation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pulmonary edema 
B)  Platelike atelectasis 
C)  Tracheal tear 
D)  Tracheitis 
A)  Pulmonary edema 
B)  Platelike atelectasis 
C)  Tracheal tear 
D)  Tracheitis A

Question 4

Which of the following forms of interaction tend to occur between the respiratory therapist and a patient who receives a lung transplant?
I. Mechanical ventilation
II. Pulmonary rehabilitation
III. Bronchopulmonary hygiene
IV. Hyperbaric oxygenation

Accepted Answer

A)  I and III only 
B)  II and III only 
C)  I, II, and III only 
D)  I, II, and IV only 
A)  I and III only 
B)  II and III only 
C)  I, II, and III only 
D)  I, II, and IV only

Question 5

The therapist notices the following signs in a pediatric patient who recently had a heart transplant:
Decreased cardiac contractility
Congestive heart failure
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Malaise
How should the therapist interpret these signs?

Accepted Answer

A)  These signs are normal and expected after heart transplantation. 
B)  The patient has become hypovolemic. 
C)  The patient requires cardioversion. 
D)  The patient is in rejection. 
A)  These signs are normal and expected after heart transplantation. 
B)  The patient has become hypovolemic. 
C)  The patient requires cardioversion. 
D)  The patient is in rejection.

Question 6

Which of the following is the most common indication for heart transplantation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cardiomyopathy 
B)  Massive myocardial infarction 
C)  External pacemaker placement 
D)  Primary pulmonary hypertension 
A)  Cardiomyopathy 
B)  Massive myocardial infarction 
C)  External pacemaker placement 
D)  Primary pulmonary hypertension

Question 7

What is the predominant problem leading to heart transplantation in children younger than 1 year of age?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cardiomyopathy 
B)  Congenital cardiac lesions 
C)  Valvular problems 
D)  Lethal cardiac dysrhythmias 
A)  Cardiomyopathy 
B)  Congenital cardiac lesions 
C)  Valvular problems 
D)  Lethal cardiac dysrhythmias

Question 8

Which of the following medications are used as part of the immunosupressive regimen?
I. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
II. Cyclosporine
III. Azathioprine
IV. Prednisone

Accepted Answer

A)  I and III only 
B)  II and III only 
C)  I, II, and IV only 
D)  II, III, and IV only 
A)  I and III only 
B)  II and III only 
C)  I, II, and IV only 
D)  II, III, and IV only

Question 9

Which of the following conditions are considered complications of thoracic organ transplantation?
I. Respiratory failure
II. Bronchiolitis obliterans
III. Lung allografts
IV. Infection

Accepted Answer

A)  III and IV only 
B)  I, II, and III only 
C)  I, II, and IV only 
D)  II, III, and IV only 
A)  III and IV only 
B)  I, II, and III only 
C)  I, II, and IV only 
D)  II, III, and IV only

Question 10

Which of the following cardiac problems is responsible for the vast majority of neonatal cardiac transplants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cardiomyopathy 
B)  Ventricular septal defect 
C)  Cardiac pacemaker abnormalities 
D)  Hypoplastic left ventricle 
A)  Cardiomyopathy 
B)  Ventricular septal defect 
C)  Cardiac pacemaker abnormalities 
D)  Hypoplastic left ventricle

Question 11

Which of the following medications have the highest potential toxicity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cyclosporine and tacrolimus 
B)  Azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetil 
C)  Prednisone and azathioprine 
D)  Prednisone and azithromycin 
A)  Cyclosporine and tacrolimus 
B)  Azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetil 
C)  Prednisone and azathioprine 
D)  Prednisone and azithromycin

Question 12

What is the predominant cause of late postoperative deaths associated with heart transplantation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cardiac dysrhythmias 
B)  Sepsis 
C)  Seizures 
D)  Chronic rejection 
A)  Cardiac dysrhythmias 
B)  Sepsis 
C)  Seizures 
D)  Chronic rejection

Question 13

Months after receiving a lung transplant a patient with cystic fibrosis exhibits the following signs and symptoms:
Increasing dyspnea
Increased coughing with sputum production
Colonization with Pseudomonas species
The patient also appears to be in respiratory failure. Which of the following conditions is likely developing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bronchiolitis obliterans 
B)  Bronchorrhea 
C)  Acute respiratory distress syndrome 
D)  Pulmonary hypertension 
A)  Bronchiolitis obliterans 
B)  Bronchorrhea 
C)  Acute respiratory distress syndrome 
D)  Pulmonary hypertension

Question 14

Twenty-four hours after a pediatric patient has undergone lung transplantation, the therapist notices on the patient's chest X-ray features consistent with pulmonary edema. How should the therapist interpret this finding?

Accepted Answer

A)  The patient has experienced ischemia-reperfusion injury. 
B)  The patient is developing bronchiolitis obliterans. 
C)  A pneumonia-like infection has occurred. 
D)  Graft failure is present. 
A)  The patient has experienced ischemia-reperfusion injury. 
B)  The patient is developing bronchiolitis obliterans. 
C)  A pneumonia-like infection has occurred. 
D)  Graft failure is present.

Question 15

Which of the following microorganisms is associated with increased mortality among patients with cystic fibrosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Serratia marcescens 
B)  Staphylococcus aureus 
C)  Haemophilus influenza 
D)  Burkholderia cepacia 
A)  Serratia marcescens 
B)  Staphylococcus aureus 
C)  Haemophilus influenza 
D)  Burkholderia cepacia

Question 16

Which of the following problems is associated with long-term heart transplant patients?

Accepted Answer

A)  Graft atheroxclerosis 
B)  Recurrent pulmonary edema 
C)  Coronary revascularization 
D)  Cardiac dysrhythmias 
A)  Graft atheroxclerosis 
B)  Recurrent pulmonary edema 
C)  Coronary revascularization 
D)  Cardiac dysrhythmias

Question 17

Why does the pulmonary infection rate for lung transplantation appear to be higher than with other solid organ transplants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because the lung is in direct contact with the external environment 
B)  Because the entire cardiac output flows through the lungs multiple times per minute 
C)  Because the pulmonary circulation is more prone to hypertensive episodes than other organs 
D)  Because lung chemotaxis is compromised and fewer neutrophils populate the transplanted lungs 
A)  Because the lung is in direct contact with the external environment 
B)  Because the entire cardiac output flows through the lungs multiple times per minute 
C)  Because the pulmonary circulation is more prone to hypertensive episodes than other organs 
D)  Because lung chemotaxis is compromised and fewer neutrophils populate the transplanted lungs

Question 18

Which of the following chronic lung diseases is the most common indication for bilateral lung transplantation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Severe asthma 
B)  Cystic fibrosis 
C)  Acute respiratory distress syndrome 
D)  Tetralogy of Fallot 
A)  Severe asthma 
B)  Cystic fibrosis 
C)  Acute respiratory distress syndrome 
D)  Tetralogy of Fallot

Exam 21: Thoracic Organ Transplantation

When could kidneys, liver, and lungs be procured for transplantation from a patient with circulatory arrest?

What are some reasons for the decline in heart-lung transplants among infants? I. Difficulty in obtaining a donor II. Decreased risk of cardiac rejection III. Increased risk of premature coronary artery disease IV. The practical advantage of using the heart-lung block for three separate donations

Which of the following conditions typically makes lungs unsuitable for donation?

Which of the following forms of interaction tend to occur between the respiratory therapist and a patient who receives a lung transplant? I. Mechanical ventilation II. Pulmonary rehabilitation III. Bronchopulmonary hygiene IV. Hyperbaric oxygenation

The therapist notices the following signs in a pediatric patient who recently had a heart transplant: Decreased cardiac contractility Congestive heart failure Tachycardia Tachypnea Malaise How should the therapist interpret these signs?

Which of the following is the most common indication for heart transplantation?

What is the predominant problem leading to heart transplantation in children younger than 1 year of age?

Which of the following medications are used as part of the immunosupressive regimen? I. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole II. Cyclosporine III. Azathioprine IV. Prednisone

Which of the following conditions are considered complications of thoracic organ transplantation? I. Respiratory failure II. Bronchiolitis obliterans III. Lung allografts IV. Infection

Which of the following cardiac problems is responsible for the vast majority of neonatal cardiac transplants?

Which of the following medications have the highest potential toxicity?

What is the predominant cause of late postoperative deaths associated with heart transplantation?

Twenty-four hours after a pediatric patient has undergone lung transplantation, the therapist notices on the patient's chest X-ray features consistent with pulmonary edema. How should the therapist interpret this finding?

Which of the following microorganisms is associated with increased mortality among patients with cystic fibrosis?

Which of the following problems is associated with long-term heart transplant patients?

Why does the pulmonary infection rate for lung transplantation appear to be higher than with other solid organ transplants?

Which of the following chronic lung diseases is the most common indication for bilateral lung transplantation?

Fetal Lung Development

Fetal Gas Exchange and Circulation

Antenatal Assessment and High-Risk Delivery

Examination and Assessment of the Neonatal and Pediatric Patient

Pulmonary Function Testing and Bedside Pulmonary Mechanics

Radiographic Assessment

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Noninvasive Monitoring in Neonatal and Pediatric Care

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Airway Clearance Techniques and Hyperinflation Therapy

Airway Management

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Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation and Continuous Positive Pressure of the Neonate

Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Infant and Child

Invasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Neonate and Pediatric Patient

Administration of Gas Mixtures

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Pharmacology

Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders

Surgical Disorders in Childhood That Affect Respiratory Care

Congenital Cardiac Defects

Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing

Pediatric Airway Disorders and Parenchymal Lung Diseases

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