Question 1

When neonatal pneumonia is suspected, how long does an infant generally receive broad-spectrum antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

A)  24 hours 
B)  48 hours 
C)  72 hours 
D)  96 hours 
A)  24 hours 
B)  48 hours 
C)  72 hours 
D)  96 hours

Question 2

Eight hours after being born, a baby presents with cyanosis despite administration of adequate ventilation, tachypnea, and retractions. Which of the following conditions should the therapist suspect is affecting this newborn?

Accepted Answer

A)  RDS 
B)  BPD 
C)  PPHN 
D)  GBS pneumonia 
A)  RDS 
B)  BPD 
C)  PPHN 
D)  GBS pneumonia

Question 3

A newborn suspected of having a pneumothorax is rapidly deteriorating. What should the therapist suggest at this time?

Accepted Answer

A)  Intubation and mechanical ventilation. 
B)  Mask CPAP. 
C)  Needle aspiration. 
D)  Confirm air leak with a chest X-ray and place a chest tube afterward. 
A)  Intubation and mechanical ventilation. 
B)  Mask CPAP. 
C)  Needle aspiration. 
D)  Confirm air leak with a chest X-ray and place a chest tube afterward.

Question 4

Why does meconium staining occur predominantly in infants older than 36 weeks of gestational age?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because these infants can generate strong inspiratory efforts 
B)  Because infants this age have significant cardiac outputs 
C)  Because these infants demonstrate strong peristalsis 
D)  Because these newborns have weak anal sphincter tone 
A)  Because these infants can generate strong inspiratory efforts 
B)  Because infants this age have significant cardiac outputs 
C)  Because these infants demonstrate strong peristalsis 
D)  Because these newborns have weak anal sphincter tone

Question 5

While reviewing the chest X-ray of a newborn, the therapist observes the following features: continuous diaphragm sign and linear bands of air paralleling the left side of the heart and the descending aorta with extension superiorly along the great vessels into the neck. Which of the following conditions does this patient likely have?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pneumothorax 
B)  Cardiac tamponade 
C)  Pneumomediastinum 
D)  Pneumopericardium 
A)  Pneumothorax 
B)  Cardiac tamponade 
C)  Pneumomediastinum 
D)  Pneumopericardium

Question 6

The therapist is assessing a newborn on the mechanical ventilator. The neonate shows clear signs of respiratory distress, and lung auscultation reveals shifting of the PMI toward the left and breath sounds decreased on the right. What should the therapist suspect this newborn developed?

Accepted Answer

A)  Right-sided pneumothorax 
B)  Severe right lung atelectasis 
C)  Right pleural effusion 
D)  Left-sided atelectasis 
A)  Right-sided pneumothorax 
B)  Severe right lung atelectasis 
C)  Right pleural effusion 
D)  Left-sided atelectasis

Question 7

Which of the following conditions increase the risk for developing RDS?
I. Maternal diabetes
II. Cesarean delivery
III. Multiple births
IV. Premature rupture of membranes

Accepted Answer

A)  I only 
B)  II and III only 
C)  I, II, and III only 
D)  II, III, and IV only 
A)  I only 
B)  II and III only 
C)  I, II, and III only 
D)  II, III, and IV only

Question 8

When should a therapist consider intubation and mechanical ventilation for a newborn with respiratory distress?
I. Oxygen saturation less than 85% at FiO2 $\ge$40% on CPAP
II. Periodic apnea
III. PaCO2 of 60 mm Hg or higher
IV. pH <7.20

Accepted Answer

A)  I and II only 
B)  II and IV only 
C)  I, II, and III only 
D)  I, III, and IV only 
A)  I and II only 
B)  II and IV only 
C)  I, II, and III only 
D)  I, III, and IV only

Exam 22: Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders

When neonatal pneumonia is suspected, how long does an infant generally receive broad-spectrum antibiotics?

Eight hours after being born, a baby presents with cyanosis despite administration of adequate ventilation, tachypnea, and retractions. Which of the following conditions should the therapist suspect is affecting this newborn?

A newborn suspected of having a pneumothorax is rapidly deteriorating. What should the therapist suggest at this time?

Why does meconium staining occur predominantly in infants older than 36 weeks of gestational age?

The therapist is assessing a newborn on the mechanical ventilator. The neonate shows clear signs of respiratory distress, and lung auscultation reveals shifting of the PMI toward the left and breath sounds decreased on the right. What should the therapist suspect this newborn developed?

Which of the following conditions increase the risk for developing RDS? I. Maternal diabetes II. Cesarean delivery III. Multiple births IV. Premature rupture of membranes

When should a therapist consider intubation and mechanical ventilation for a newborn with respiratory distress? I. Oxygen saturation less than 85% at FiO2 ≥\ge≥ 40% on CPAP II. Periodic apnea III. PaCO2 of 60 mm Hg or higher IV. pH <7.20

Fetal Lung Development

Fetal Gas Exchange and Circulation

Antenatal Assessment and High-Risk Delivery

Examination and Assessment of the Neonatal and Pediatric Patient

Pulmonary Function Testing and Bedside Pulmonary Mechanics

Radiographic Assessment

Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy

Invasive Blood Gas Analysis and Cardiovascular Monitoring

Noninvasive Monitoring in Neonatal and Pediatric Care

Oxygen Administration

Aerosols and Administration of Inhaled Medications

Airway Clearance Techniques and Hyperinflation Therapy

Airway Management

Surfactant Replacement Therapy

Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation and Continuous Positive Pressure of the Neonate

Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Infant and Child

Invasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Neonate and Pediatric Patient

Administration of Gas Mixtures

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Pharmacology

Thoracic Organ Transplantation

Surgical Disorders in Childhood That Affect Respiratory Care

Congenital Cardiac Defects

Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing

Pediatric Airway Disorders and Parenchymal Lung Diseases

Asthma

Cystic Fibrosis

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Shock

Pediatric Trauma

Disorders of the Pleura

Neurological and Neuromuscular Disorders

Transport of Infants and Children

Home Care

Quality and Safety

Filters

When should a therapist consider intubation and mechanical ventilation for a newborn with respiratory distress? I. Oxygen saturation less than 85% at FiO₂ $\ge$ 40% on CPAP II. Periodic apnea III. PaCO₂ of 60 mm Hg or higher IV. pH <7.20