Question 1

Which of the following risk factors are associated with SIDS?
I. Maternal cigarette smoking
II. Supine sleeping position
III. Overheating
IV. Bed sharing

Accepted Answer

A)  I and III only 
B)  I, II, and III only 
C)  I, II, and IV only 
D)  I, III, and IV only 
A)  I and III only 
B)  I, II, and III only 
C)  I, II, and IV only 
D)  I, III, and IV only D

Question 2

Which of the following body systems is the most important to evaluate when considering differential diagnoses for ALTE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gastrointestinal 
B)  Neurological 
C)  Respiratory 
D)  Cardiac 
A)  Gastrointestinal 
B)  Neurological 
C)  Respiratory 
D)  Cardiac A

Question 3

The mother of an 11-month-old infant suspected of suffering from sleep-disordered breathing reports that her child sleeps 15 hours per day. What should the therapist tell her regarding the sleep duration of her infant?

Accepted Answer

A)  The sleep duration is consistent with the infant's age. 
B)  The sleep duration is consistent with an infant in the first 24 hours of life. 
C)  The sleep duration is consistent with that of a 10-year-old child. 
D)  The sleep duration is consistent with a midadolescent child. 
A)  The sleep duration is consistent with the infant's age. 
B)  The sleep duration is consistent with an infant in the first 24 hours of life. 
C)  The sleep duration is consistent with that of a 10-year-old child. 
D)  The sleep duration is consistent with a midadolescent child. A

Question 4

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, in addition to cessation of breathing, which of the following clinical signs is associated with central sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tachycardia 
B)  Cyanosis 
C)  Hypertension 
D)  Hypertonia 
A)  Tachycardia 
B)  Cyanosis 
C)  Hypertension 
D)  Hypertonia

Question 5

What is the leading cause of death in infants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Congenital malformations 
B)  CSA 
C)  SIDS 
D)  ALTE 
A)  Congenital malformations 
B)  CSA 
C)  SIDS 
D)  ALTE

Question 6

What is the age group with the highest prevalence of OSA?

Accepted Answer

A)  First 6 months 
B)  6 months to 1 year 
C)  1 to 2 years 
D)  2 years to 8 years 
A)  First 6 months 
B)  6 months to 1 year 
C)  1 to 2 years 
D)  2 years to 8 years

Question 7

Which of the following conditions is the major cause of OSA in children without any predisposing factor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Choanal atresia 
B)  Macroglossia 
C)  Adenotonsillar hypertrophy 
D)  Pierre Robin Syndrome 
A)  Choanal atresia 
B)  Macroglossia 
C)  Adenotonsillar hypertrophy 
D)  Pierre Robin Syndrome

Question 8

A newborn at 28 weeks of gestation is demonstrating periods of apnea. In addition to ventilatory support, what other treatment can the therapist suggest?

Accepted Answer

A)  Placement of an oropharyngeal airway 
B)  Caffeine 
C)  Theophylline 
D)  Beta blockers 
A)  Placement of an oropharyngeal airway 
B)  Caffeine 
C)  Theophylline 
D)  Beta blockers

Question 9

Which of the following are typical daytime symptoms associated with SDB in children?
I. Poor school performance
II. Hypoactivity
III. Inattention
IV. Passive behavior

Accepted Answer

A)  I and III only 
B)  II and IV only 
C)  I, II, and IV only 
D)  I, III, and IV only 
A)  I and III only 
B)  II and IV only 
C)  I, II, and IV only 
D)  I, III, and IV only

Question 10

Which age group is more often affected by periodic breathing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Newborns 
B)  Infants 
C)  Children 
D)  Adults 
A)  Newborns 
B)  Infants 
C)  Children 
D)  Adults

Question 11

Definitive evaluation of breathing in sleep must include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pulmonary function testing. 
B)  An overnight polysomnogram. 
C)  Perform allergy tests to confirm that airway obstruction is due to other clinical condition. 
D)  Electrocardiogram. 
A)  Pulmonary function testing. 
B)  An overnight polysomnogram. 
C)  Perform allergy tests to confirm that airway obstruction is due to other clinical condition. 
D)  Electrocardiogram.

Question 12

While working with a preterm neonate, the therapist notices the infant become apneic, cyanotic, and hypotonic. Consequently, the therapist nudges and stimulates the infant. On the basis of this scenario, what type of episode has occurred?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sudden infant death syndrome 
B)  An apparent life-threatening event 
C)  A resuscitative event 
D)  An epileptiform activity 
A)  Sudden infant death syndrome 
B)  An apparent life-threatening event 
C)  A resuscitative event 
D)  An epileptiform activity

Question 13

A 7-year-old child was diagnosed with OSA due to tonsillar hypertrophy. Although adenotonsillectomy was performed, the child continues having daytime sleepiness and poor school performance. What should the therapist suggest at this time?

Accepted Answer

A)  Consider uvulectomy. 
B)  Administer antireflux medications. 
C)  Perform allergy tests to confirm that airway obstruction is due to other clinical condition. 
D)  Provide continuous positive airway pressure. 
A)  Consider uvulectomy. 
B)  Administer antireflux medications. 
C)  Perform allergy tests to confirm that airway obstruction is due to other clinical condition. 
D)  Provide continuous positive airway pressure.

Question 14

Which of the following are typical features of the obstructive hypoventilation syndrome?
I. Disruption of sleep architecture
II. Degradation of sleep quality
III. Abnormal gas exchange
IV. Significant daytime symptoms

Accepted Answer

A)  I and III only 
B)  II and IV only 
C)  I, II, and IV only 
D)  I, II, III, and IV 
A)  I and III only 
B)  II and IV only 
C)  I, II, and IV only 
D)  I, II, III, and IV

Question 15

The childhood syndrome of OSA is distinct from adult OSA. Which of the following features are common in adult OSA but infrequent or less common in pediatric OSA?

Accepted Answer

A)  Large neck circumference 
B)  Snoring 
C)  Excessive daytime sleepiness 
D)  REM abnormality 
A)  Large neck circumference 
B)  Snoring 
C)  Excessive daytime sleepiness 
D)  REM abnormality

Question 16

Which of the following statements best describes the condition sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?

Accepted Answer

A)  More than 70% of victims are found in the late evening hours after the afternoon naps. 
B)  Infants are most likely to experience SIDS in the first 12 to 24 months of life. 
C)  90% of SIDS victims were affected after the first 6 months of life. 
D)  SIDS almost always takes place when the infant is presumed to have been asleep, either during the day or at night. 
A)  More than 70% of victims are found in the late evening hours after the afternoon naps. 
B)  Infants are most likely to experience SIDS in the first 12 to 24 months of life. 
C)  90% of SIDS victims were affected after the first 6 months of life. 
D)  SIDS almost always takes place when the infant is presumed to have been asleep, either during the day or at night.

Question 17

Which of the following statements best describes central sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

A)  Absence of respiratory effort and airflow. 
B)  Only abdominal movements occur with no airflow. 
C)  Only thoracic movements occur. 
D)  Paradoxical breathing movements occur. 
A)  Absence of respiratory effort and airflow. 
B)  Only abdominal movements occur with no airflow. 
C)  Only thoracic movements occur. 
D)  Paradoxical breathing movements occur.

Exam 25: Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing

Which of the following risk factors are associated with SIDS? I. Maternal cigarette smoking II. Supine sleeping position III. Overheating IV. Bed sharing

Which of the following body systems is the most important to evaluate when considering differential diagnoses for ALTE?

The mother of an 11-month-old infant suspected of suffering from sleep-disordered breathing reports that her child sleeps 15 hours per day. What should the therapist tell her regarding the sleep duration of her infant?

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, in addition to cessation of breathing, which of the following clinical signs is associated with central sleep apnea?

What is the leading cause of death in infants?

What is the age group with the highest prevalence of OSA?

Which of the following conditions is the major cause of OSA in children without any predisposing factor?

A newborn at 28 weeks of gestation is demonstrating periods of apnea. In addition to ventilatory support, what other treatment can the therapist suggest?

Which of the following are typical daytime symptoms associated with SDB in children? I. Poor school performance II. Hypoactivity III. Inattention IV. Passive behavior

Which age group is more often affected by periodic breathing?

Definitive evaluation of breathing in sleep must include which of the following?

While working with a preterm neonate, the therapist notices the infant become apneic, cyanotic, and hypotonic. Consequently, the therapist nudges and stimulates the infant. On the basis of this scenario, what type of episode has occurred?

A 7-year-old child was diagnosed with OSA due to tonsillar hypertrophy. Although adenotonsillectomy was performed, the child continues having daytime sleepiness and poor school performance. What should the therapist suggest at this time?

Which of the following are typical features of the obstructive hypoventilation syndrome? I. Disruption of sleep architecture II. Degradation of sleep quality III. Abnormal gas exchange IV. Significant daytime symptoms

The childhood syndrome of OSA is distinct from adult OSA. Which of the following features are common in adult OSA but infrequent or less common in pediatric OSA?

Which of the following statements best describes the condition sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?

Which of the following statements best describes central sleep apnea?

Fetal Lung Development

Fetal Gas Exchange and Circulation

Antenatal Assessment and High-Risk Delivery

Examination and Assessment of the Neonatal and Pediatric Patient

Pulmonary Function Testing and Bedside Pulmonary Mechanics

Radiographic Assessment

Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy

Invasive Blood Gas Analysis and Cardiovascular Monitoring

Noninvasive Monitoring in Neonatal and Pediatric Care

Oxygen Administration

Aerosols and Administration of Inhaled Medications

Airway Clearance Techniques and Hyperinflation Therapy

Airway Management

Surfactant Replacement Therapy

Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation and Continuous Positive Pressure of the Neonate

Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Infant and Child

Invasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Neonate and Pediatric Patient

Administration of Gas Mixtures

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Pharmacology

Thoracic Organ Transplantation

Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders

Surgical Disorders in Childhood That Affect Respiratory Care

Congenital Cardiac Defects

Pediatric Airway Disorders and Parenchymal Lung Diseases

Asthma

Cystic Fibrosis

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Shock

Pediatric Trauma

Disorders of the Pleura

Neurological and Neuromuscular Disorders

Transport of Infants and Children

Home Care

Quality and Safety

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