Question 1

The innermost layer of the cortex is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  pericycle. 
B)  xylem. 
C)  epidermis. 
D)  endodermis. 
E)  pith. 
A)  pericycle. 
B)  xylem. 
C)  epidermis. 
D)  endodermis. 
E)  pith.

Question 2

Protophloem and protoxylem mature in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  region of cell division. 
B)  region of elongation. 
C)  region of maturation. 
D)  quiescent center. 
E)  area between the regions of cell division and elongation. 
A)  region of cell division. 
B)  region of elongation. 
C)  region of maturation. 
D)  quiescent center. 
E)  area between the regions of cell division and elongation.

Question 3

The vascular cambium of roots produces secondary xylem toward the outside and secondary phloem toward the inside.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Cells of the root cap columella secrete a highly hydrated polysaccharide called mucilage.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Prop roots are types of lateral roots common in tropical trees.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

In roots, cells of the pericycle contribute to the cork cambium.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Casparian strips are located in the anticlinal walls of endodermal cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Most likely epidermis would be present in a 10-year-old woody root.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Velamen is a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  multiple epidermis. 
B)  multiple cortex. 
C)  epiphyte. 
D)  pneumatophore. 
E)  enzyme produced by lateral roots. 
A)  multiple epidermis. 
B)  multiple cortex. 
C)  epiphyte. 
D)  pneumatophore. 
E)  enzyme produced by lateral roots.

Question 10

In a "closed type" of root apical organization, the:

Accepted Answer

A)  apical meristem lacks derivatives. 
B)  cortex and vascular cylinder each have their own initials, but the rootcap and epidermis do not. 
C)  cortex and rootcap each have their own initials, but the vascular cylinder and epidermis do not. 
D)  rootcap, vascular cylinder, and cortex each have their own initials. 
E)  rootcap, vascular cylinder, and cortex have common initials. 
A)  apical meristem lacks derivatives. 
B)  cortex and vascular cylinder each have their own initials, but the rootcap and epidermis do not. 
C)  cortex and rootcap each have their own initials, but the vascular cylinder and epidermis do not. 
D)  rootcap, vascular cylinder, and cortex each have their own initials. 
E)  rootcap, vascular cylinder, and cortex have common initials.

Question 11

An example of the developmental plasticity of roots is the rapid development of lateral roots into nutrient-rich soil.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Root hairs are produced in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  region of cell division. 
B)  region of elongation. 
C)  region of maturation. 
D)  quiescent center. 
E)  area between the regions of cell division and elongation. 
A)  region of cell division. 
B)  region of elongation. 
C)  region of maturation. 
D)  quiescent center. 
E)  area between the regions of cell division and elongation.

Question 13

Border cells undergo programmed cell death immediately after being separated from the root.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The promeristem of the root:

Accepted Answer

A)  is composed of initials but not derivatives. 
B)  is the most distal part of the apical meristem. 
C)  is the most determined part of the apical meristem. 
D)  is characterized by few-sided cells with nondense cytoplasm. 
E)  is composed of relatively large cells with small nuclei. 
A)  is composed of initials but not derivatives. 
B)  is the most distal part of the apical meristem. 
C)  is the most determined part of the apical meristem. 
D)  is characterized by few-sided cells with nondense cytoplasm. 
E)  is composed of relatively large cells with small nuclei.

Question 15

A pneumatophore is:

Accepted Answer

A)  produced by below-ground structures. 
B)  negatively gravitropic. 
C)  produced by trees growing in dry habitats. 
D)  produced by trees growing in well-drained soil. 
E)  also called an aerial root. 
A)  produced by below-ground structures. 
B)  negatively gravitropic. 
C)  produced by trees growing in dry habitats. 
D)  produced by trees growing in well-drained soil. 
E)  also called an aerial root.

Question 16

If "fine roots" are damaged or destroyed, they cannot be replaced.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

In the center of maize roots is:

Accepted Answer

A)  xylem. 
B)  a pith. 
C)  an endodermis. 
D)  a pericycle. 
E)  aerenchyma. 
A)  xylem. 
B)  a pith. 
C)  an endodermis. 
D)  a pericycle. 
E)  aerenchyma.

Question 18

All substances entering the vascular cylinder must pass through living cells of the endodermis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The outermost layer of a root's vascular cylinder is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  pericycle. 
B)  protoxylem. 
C)  metaxylem. 
D)  phloem. 
E)  endodermis. 
A)  pericycle. 
B)  protoxylem. 
C)  metaxylem. 
D)  phloem. 
E)  endodermis.

Question 20

In gymnosperms and eudicots, the primary root is called the:

Accepted Answer

A)  fibrous root. 
B)  prop root. 
C)  lateral root. 
D)  taproot. 
E)  branch root. 
A)  fibrous root. 
B)  prop root. 
C)  lateral root. 
D)  taproot. 
E)  branch root.

Exam 24: The Root: Structure and Development

The innermost layer of the cortex is the:

Protophloem and protoxylem mature in the:

The vascular cambium of roots produces secondary xylem toward the outside and secondary phloem toward the inside.

Cells of the root cap columella secrete a highly hydrated polysaccharide called mucilage.

Prop roots are types of lateral roots common in tropical trees.

In roots, cells of the pericycle contribute to the cork cambium.

Casparian strips are located in the anticlinal walls of endodermal cells.

Most likely epidermis would be present in a 10-year-old woody root.

Velamen is a(n):

In a "closed type" of root apical organization, the:

An example of the developmental plasticity of roots is the rapid development of lateral roots into nutrient-rich soil.

Root hairs are produced in the:

Border cells undergo programmed cell death immediately after being separated from the root.

The promeristem of the root:

A pneumatophore is:

If "fine roots" are damaged or destroyed, they cannot be replaced.

In the center of maize roots is:

All substances entering the vascular cylinder must pass through living cells of the endodermis.

The outermost layer of a root's vascular cylinder is the:

In gymnosperms and eudicots, the primary root is called the:

Botany: an Introduction

The Molecular Composition of Plant Cells

The Plant Cell and the Cell Cycle

The Movement of Substances Into and Out of Cells

The Flow of Energy

Respiration

Photosynthesis, Light, and Life

Sexual Reproduction and Heredity

The Chemistry of Heredity and Gene Expression

Recombinant Dna Technology, Plant Biotechnology, and Genomics

The Process of Evolution

Systematics: the Science of Biological Diversity

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Fungi

Protists: Algae and Heterotrophic Protists

Bryophytes

Seedless Vascular Plants

Gymnosperms

Introduction to the Angiosperms

Evolution of the Angiosperms

Plants and People

Early Development of the Plant Body

Cells and Tissues of the Plant Body

The Shoot: Primary Structure and Development

Secondary Growth in Stems

Regulating Growth and Development: the Plant Hormones

External Factors and Plant Growth

Plant Nutrition and Soils

The Movement of Water and Solutes in Plants

The Dynamics of Communities and Ecosystems

Global Ecology

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