Question 1

Light with a wavelength of about ______ nanometers is the most effective for interrupting the dark period of both short-day and long-day plants.

Accepted Answer

A)  220 
B)  340 
C)  440 
D)  660 
E)  730 
A)  220 
B)  340 
C)  440 
D)  660 
E)  730 D

Question 2

In Arabidopsis, the floral stimulus is produced in companion cells of leaves.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

In Arabidopsis, the FT gene encodes the FT protein, which is the florigen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

In contrast to thigmonastic movements, thigmomorphogenesis:

Accepted Answer

A)  is a response to touch. 
B)  is a response to a mechanical stimulus. 
C)  is independent of the direction of the stimulus. 
D)  involves cells of the pulvinus. 
E)  involves an altered growth pattern. 
A)  is a response to touch. 
B)  is a response to a mechanical stimulus. 
C)  is independent of the direction of the stimulus. 
D)  involves cells of the pulvinus. 
E)  involves an altered growth pattern.

Question 5

Cold hardiness refers to the process of preparing the plant for winter.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following statements about circadian clocks is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Input pathways and output pathways are the parts of the clock that do not interact. 
B)  Conceptually they consist of three parts. 
C)  They cause the regular oscillation of 30-40 percent of Arabidopsis genes. 
D)  The central oscillator is the part of the clock that generates rhythmic behavior. 
E)  Input pathways are the part of the clock that carries information to the oscillator. 
A)  Input pathways and output pathways are the parts of the clock that do not interact. 
B)  Conceptually they consist of three parts. 
C)  They cause the regular oscillation of 30-40 percent of Arabidopsis genes. 
D)  The central oscillator is the part of the clock that generates rhythmic behavior. 
E)  Input pathways are the part of the clock that carries information to the oscillator.

Question 7

In the current model of root gravitropism, elongation is _____ in the upper side of the distal elongation zone and ______ along the lower side.

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulated; stimulated 
B)  stimulated; suppressed 
C)  suppressed; stimulated 
D)  suppressed; is neither stimulated nor suppressed 
E)  is neither stimulated nor suppressed; suppressed 
A)  stimulated; stimulated 
B)  stimulated; suppressed 
C)  suppressed; stimulated 
D)  suppressed; is neither stimulated nor suppressed 
E)  is neither stimulated nor suppressed; suppressed

Question 8

Which of the following statements concerning hydrotropism is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is the directed growth of roots in response to moisture. 
B)  Decapped roots do not curve hydrotropically. 
C)  Under normal gravity, hydrotropism is suppressed by gravitropism. 
D)  Auxin apparently is required for hydrotropism. 
E)  Inhibitors of auxin influx and efflux also inhibit hydrotropism. 
A)  It is the directed growth of roots in response to moisture. 
B)  Decapped roots do not curve hydrotropically. 
C)  Under normal gravity, hydrotropism is suppressed by gravitropism. 
D)  Auxin apparently is required for hydrotropism. 
E)  Inhibitors of auxin influx and efflux also inhibit hydrotropism.

Question 9

Suppose lettuce seeds are exposed to a series of alternating flashes of red light (abbreviated R) and far-red light (abbreviated FR). (E.g., a flash of red light followed by a flash of far-red light is denoted as R→RF.) Which of the following series of flashes would result in the germination of those seeds?

Accepted Answer

A)  FR only 
B)  R→FR 
C)  R→FR →R→FR 
D)  R →FR→R→FR→R 
E)  R→FR→R→FR→R→FR 
A)  FR only 
B)  R→FR 
C)  R→FR →R→FR 
D)  R →FR→R→FR→R 
E)  R→FR→R→FR→R→FR

Question 10

Vernalization is the exposure of flower buds to low temperatures to promote early flowering.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

If lettuce seeds are exposed first to red light followed immediately by exposure to far-red light the seeds will germinate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The sleep movements of plants are an example of nastic movements.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following statements about thigmotropism is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  It enables roots to navigate around rocks. 
B)  It is a response to contact with a solid object. 
C)  An example is the climbing of tendrils. 
D)  Cells touching the support lengthen more than cells on the other side. 
E)  The stems of peas can store the memory of tactile stimulation. 
A)  It enables roots to navigate around rocks. 
B)  It is a response to contact with a solid object. 
C)  An example is the climbing of tendrils. 
D)  Cells touching the support lengthen more than cells on the other side. 
E)  The stems of peas can store the memory of tactile stimulation.

Question 14

In Arabidopsis thaliana, touch induces the expression of genes that encode proteins related to ______, suggesting a role for ______ in thigmomorphogenesis.

Accepted Answer

A)  an endogenous inhibitor; the biological clock 
B)  amylase; starch 
C)  the cytoskeleton; microtubules 
D)  calmodulin; calcium 
E)  chlorophyll; magnesium 
A)  an endogenous inhibitor; the biological clock 
B)  amylase; starch 
C)  the cytoskeleton; microtubules 
D)  calmodulin; calcium 
E)  chlorophyll; magnesium

Question 15

Photoperiodism pertains to events that are influenced by the relative lengths of light and dark.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

An etiolated eudicot seedling:

Accepted Answer

A)  has a short stem. 
B)  has small leaves. 
C)  is green. 
D)  lacks plastids. 
E)  cannot undergo further growth. 
A)  has a short stem. 
B)  has small leaves. 
C)  is green. 
D)  lacks plastids. 
E)  cannot undergo further growth.

Question 17

If a short-day plant receives a one-minute exposure to light in the middle of the dark period rather than continuous darkness, it will:

Accepted Answer

A)  produce more flowers. 
B)  produce smaller flowers. 
C)  produce larger flowers. 
D)  flower at a lower temperature. 
E)  not flower. 
A)  produce more flowers. 
B)  produce smaller flowers. 
C)  produce larger flowers. 
D)  flower at a lower temperature. 
E)  not flower.

Question 18

Which of the following statements concerning photoperiodism is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Short-day plants in the early spring or fall. 
B)  Spinach and lettuce are examples of long-day plants. 
C)  Day-neutral plants flower without respect to photoperiod. 
D)  Photoperiodic behavior remains constant over a wide range of temperatures. 
E)  In some plants, only a single exposure to the critical day-length will produce a response. 
A)  Short-day plants in the early spring or fall. 
B)  Spinach and lettuce are examples of long-day plants. 
C)  Day-neutral plants flower without respect to photoperiod. 
D)  Photoperiodic behavior remains constant over a wide range of temperatures. 
E)  In some plants, only a single exposure to the critical day-length will produce a response.

Question 19

In terms of the circadian clock, gating refers to the observation that stimuli of _____ strength employed at different times of the day can result in ______ intensity of response.

Accepted Answer

A)  different; a smaller 
B)  different; the same 
C)  different; different 
D)  equal; the same 
E)  equal; a different 
A)  different; a smaller 
B)  different; the same 
C)  different; different 
D)  equal; the same 
E)  equal; a different

Question 20

When a growing root is oriented horizontally, the amyloplasts in the central column of the rootcap:

Accepted Answer

A)  slide downward. 
B)  float upward. 
C)  attach to the nuclear envelope. 
D)  attach to the mitochondria. 
E)  do not move. 
A)  slide downward. 
B)  float upward. 
C)  attach to the nuclear envelope. 
D)  attach to the mitochondria. 
E)  do not move.

Exam 28: External Factors and Plant Growth

Light with a wavelength of about ______ nanometers is the most effective for interrupting the dark period of both short-day and long-day plants.

In Arabidopsis, the floral stimulus is produced in companion cells of leaves.

In Arabidopsis, the FT gene encodes the FT protein, which is the florigen.

In contrast to thigmonastic movements, thigmomorphogenesis:

Cold hardiness refers to the process of preparing the plant for winter.

Which of the following statements about circadian clocks is FALSE?

In the current model of root gravitropism, elongation is _____ in the upper side of the distal elongation zone and ______ along the lower side.

Which of the following statements concerning hydrotropism is FALSE?

Vernalization is the exposure of flower buds to low temperatures to promote early flowering.

If lettuce seeds are exposed first to red light followed immediately by exposure to far-red light the seeds will germinate.

The sleep movements of plants are an example of nastic movements.

Which of the following statements about thigmotropism is FALSE?

In Arabidopsis thaliana, touch induces the expression of genes that encode proteins related to ______, suggesting a role for ______ in thigmomorphogenesis.

Photoperiodism pertains to events that are influenced by the relative lengths of light and dark.

An etiolated eudicot seedling:

If a short-day plant receives a one-minute exposure to light in the middle of the dark period rather than continuous darkness, it will:

Which of the following statements concerning photoperiodism is FALSE?

In terms of the circadian clock, gating refers to the observation that stimuli of _____ strength employed at different times of the day can result in ______ intensity of response.

When a growing root is oriented horizontally, the amyloplasts in the central column of the rootcap:

Botany: an Introduction

The Molecular Composition of Plant Cells

The Plant Cell and the Cell Cycle

The Movement of Substances Into and Out of Cells

The Flow of Energy

Respiration

Photosynthesis, Light, and Life

Sexual Reproduction and Heredity

The Chemistry of Heredity and Gene Expression

Recombinant Dna Technology, Plant Biotechnology, and Genomics

The Process of Evolution

Systematics: the Science of Biological Diversity

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Fungi

Protists: Algae and Heterotrophic Protists

Bryophytes

Seedless Vascular Plants

Gymnosperms

Introduction to the Angiosperms

Evolution of the Angiosperms

Plants and People

Early Development of the Plant Body

Cells and Tissues of the Plant Body

The Root: Structure and Development

The Shoot: Primary Structure and Development

Secondary Growth in Stems

Regulating Growth and Development: the Plant Hormones

Plant Nutrition and Soils

The Movement of Water and Solutes in Plants

The Dynamics of Communities and Ecosystems

Global Ecology

Filters

In the current model of root gravitropism, elongation is _ in the upper side of the distal elongation zone and __ along the lower side.

In Arabidopsis thaliana, touch induces the expression of genes that encode proteins related to , suggesting a role for in thigmomorphogenesis.

In terms of the circadian clock, gating refers to the observation that stimuli of _ strength employed at different times of the day can result in __ intensity of response.