Question 1

In temperate regions, the acclimation of buds is initiated primarily by decreasing ______, and it produces ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  daylength; cold hardiness 
B)  temperature; cold hardiness 
C)  moisture; moisture resistance 
D)  levels of growth inhibitors; early flowering 
E)  numbers of bud scales; early flowering 
A)  daylength; cold hardiness 
B)  temperature; cold hardiness 
C)  moisture; moisture resistance 
D)  levels of growth inhibitors; early flowering 
E)  numbers of bud scales; early flowering

Question 2

In the shoot, the gravity-sensing cells are called statoliths.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

According to the original hypothesis on negative gravitropism of shoots, auxin is redistributed to the ______ side where it ______ cell expansion.

Accepted Answer

A)  lower; stimulates 
B)  lower; inhibits 
C)  upper; stimulates 
D)  upper; inhibits 
E)  upper; first inhibits then stimulates 
A)  lower; stimulates 
B)  lower; inhibits 
C)  upper; stimulates 
D)  upper; inhibits 
E)  upper; first inhibits then stimulates

Question 4

In order to flower, short-day plants must have a light period shorter than a critical length, and long-day plants must have a light period longer than a critical length.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Long-day plants flower:

Accepted Answer

A)  in the summer. 
B)  in early spring or fall. 
C)  when exposed to eight hours of daylight. 
D)  when the light period is shorter than a critical length. 
E)  without respect to day length. 
A)  in the summer. 
B)  in early spring or fall. 
C)  when exposed to eight hours of daylight. 
D)  when the light period is shorter than a critical length. 
E)  without respect to day length.

Question 6

In the process of vernalization, early ______ is stimulated by exposing the germinating seeds to ______ temperatures.

Accepted Answer

A)  dormancy; low 
B)  flowering; low 
C)  germination; low 
D)  dormancy; high 
E)  germination; high 
A)  dormancy; low 
B)  flowering; low 
C)  germination; low 
D)  dormancy; high 
E)  germination; high

Question 7

An example of thigmotropism is the twisting growth of tendrils.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Seed dormancy can usually be overcome by placing the seeds in a warm, moist environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Regular rubbing or bending of a stem stimulates its elongation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The florigen FT is produced in:

Accepted Answer

A)  vessel elements. 
B)  companion cells. 
C)  tracheids. 
D)  sieve-tube elements. 
E)  guard cells. 
A)  vessel elements. 
B)  companion cells. 
C)  tracheids. 
D)  sieve-tube elements. 
E)  guard cells.

Question 11

If a leaf is given an inductive cycle and then removed immediately the plant _____, but if the leaf is removed several hours after photoinduction, then the plant _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  won't flower; won't flower 
B)  will flower; won't flower 
C)  won't flower; will flower 
D)  won't be vernalized; will be vernalized 
E)  will be vernalized; won't be vernalized 
A)  won't flower; won't flower 
B)  will flower; won't flower 
C)  won't flower; will flower 
D)  won't be vernalized; will be vernalized 
E)  will be vernalized; won't be vernalized

Question 12

In nyctinastic movements, leaves:

Accepted Answer

A)  twine around a support such as a fence post. 
B)  have their stomata open during the night and closed during the day. 
C)  are rolled during the day and unrolled at night. 
D)  are oriented vertically in darkness and horizontally in light. 
E)  are oriented horizontally in darkness and vertically in light. 
A)  twine around a support such as a fence post. 
B)  have their stomata open during the night and closed during the day. 
C)  are rolled during the day and unrolled at night. 
D)  are oriented vertically in darkness and horizontally in light. 
E)  are oriented horizontally in darkness and vertically in light.

Question 13

In Arabidopsis, what is the correct order of action of the following flower-promoting genes?

Accepted Answer

A)  FT then GI then CO 
B)  CO then FT then GI 
C)  CO then GI then FT 
D)  GI then CO then FT 
E)  FT then CO then GI 
A)  FT then GI then CO 
B)  CO then FT then GI 
C)  CO then GI then FT 
D)  GI then CO then FT 
E)  FT then CO then GI

Question 14

In roots and shoots, the statoliths are:

Accepted Answer

A)  chloroplasts. 
B)  amyloplasts. 
C)  plasma membranes. 
D)  cell walls. 
E)  lignified cells. 
A)  chloroplasts. 
B)  amyloplasts. 
C)  plasma membranes. 
D)  cell walls. 
E)  lignified cells.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about bud scales is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  They may contain growth inhibitors. 
B)  They protect the bud against desiccation. 
C)  They restrict the movement of oxygen into the bud. 
D)  They insulate the bud from heat loss. 
E)  They have leaf primordia in their axils. 
A)  They may contain growth inhibitors. 
B)  They protect the bud against desiccation. 
C)  They restrict the movement of oxygen into the bud. 
D)  They insulate the bud from heat loss. 
E)  They have leaf primordia in their axils.

Question 16

The rapid closure of leaves of the Venus flytrap is now thought to be due to:

Accepted Answer

A)  changes in turgor pressure in the cells beneath the epidermis. 
B)  changes in turgor pressure in the upper epidermis. 
C)  changes in turgor pressure in cells of the pulvinus. 
D)  acid-induced wall loosening of motor cells. 
E)  unloading of sucrose from the phloem. 
A)  changes in turgor pressure in the cells beneath the epidermis. 
B)  changes in turgor pressure in the upper epidermis. 
C)  changes in turgor pressure in cells of the pulvinus. 
D)  acid-induced wall loosening of motor cells. 
E)  unloading of sucrose from the phloem.

Question 17

Phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs) are located in the nucleus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Vernalization takes place directly in the cells of the:

Accepted Answer

A)  shoot apical meristem. 
B)  leaf blade. 
C)  petiole. 
D)  stem. 
E)  hypocotyl. 
A)  shoot apical meristem. 
B)  leaf blade. 
C)  petiole. 
D)  stem. 
E)  hypocotyl.

Question 19

Which of the following statements concerning the phytochrome molecule is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The phytochromes in Arabidopsis are encoded by just 2 genes. 
B)  Most plants have several different phytochromes. 
C)  The chromophore portion is similar to the phycobilins in cyanobacteria. 
D)  One part is a protein. 
E)  The chromophore portion absorbs light. 
A)  The phytochromes in Arabidopsis are encoded by just 2 genes. 
B)  Most plants have several different phytochromes. 
C)  The chromophore portion is similar to the phycobilins in cyanobacteria. 
D)  One part is a protein. 
E)  The chromophore portion absorbs light.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a finding from experiments on the role of auxin in phototropism of coleoptile tips?

Accepted Answer

A)  Light does not affect the total amount of auxin. 
B)  Light does not destroy auxin. 
C)  Auxin migrates from the lighted side to the shaded side. 
D)  More auxin can be isolated from the shaded side of an intact tip than from the lighted side. 
E)  If the tip is split and the two halves separated by a barrier, more auxin can be isolated from the shaded side than from the lighted side. 
A)  Light does not affect the total amount of auxin. 
B)  Light does not destroy auxin. 
C)  Auxin migrates from the lighted side to the shaded side. 
D)  More auxin can be isolated from the shaded side of an intact tip than from the lighted side. 
E)  If the tip is split and the two halves separated by a barrier, more auxin can be isolated from the shaded side than from the lighted side.

Exam 28: External Factors and Plant Growth

In temperate regions, the acclimation of buds is initiated primarily by decreasing ______, and it produces ______.

In the shoot, the gravity-sensing cells are called statoliths.

According to the original hypothesis on negative gravitropism of shoots, auxin is redistributed to the ______ side where it ______ cell expansion.

In order to flower, short-day plants must have a light period shorter than a critical length, and long-day plants must have a light period longer than a critical length.

Long-day plants flower:

In the process of vernalization, early ______ is stimulated by exposing the germinating seeds to ______ temperatures.

An example of thigmotropism is the twisting growth of tendrils.

Seed dormancy can usually be overcome by placing the seeds in a warm, moist environment.

Regular rubbing or bending of a stem stimulates its elongation.

The florigen FT is produced in:

If a leaf is given an inductive cycle and then removed immediately the plant _____, but if the leaf is removed several hours after photoinduction, then the plant _______.

In nyctinastic movements, leaves:

In Arabidopsis, what is the correct order of action of the following flower-promoting genes?

In roots and shoots, the statoliths are:

Which of the following statements about bud scales is FALSE?

The rapid closure of leaves of the Venus flytrap is now thought to be due to:

Phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs) are located in the nucleus.

Vernalization takes place directly in the cells of the:

Which of the following statements concerning the phytochrome molecule is FALSE?

Which of the following is NOT a finding from experiments on the role of auxin in phototropism of coleoptile tips?

Botany: an Introduction

The Molecular Composition of Plant Cells

The Plant Cell and the Cell Cycle

The Movement of Substances Into and Out of Cells

The Flow of Energy

Respiration

Photosynthesis, Light, and Life

Sexual Reproduction and Heredity

The Chemistry of Heredity and Gene Expression

Recombinant Dna Technology, Plant Biotechnology, and Genomics

The Process of Evolution

Systematics: the Science of Biological Diversity

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Fungi

Protists: Algae and Heterotrophic Protists

Bryophytes

Seedless Vascular Plants

Gymnosperms

Introduction to the Angiosperms

Evolution of the Angiosperms

Plants and People

Early Development of the Plant Body

Cells and Tissues of the Plant Body

The Root: Structure and Development

The Shoot: Primary Structure and Development

Secondary Growth in Stems

Regulating Growth and Development: the Plant Hormones

Plant Nutrition and Soils

The Movement of Water and Solutes in Plants

The Dynamics of Communities and Ecosystems

Global Ecology

Filters

In temperate regions, the acclimation of buds is initiated primarily by decreasing , and it produces .

According to the original hypothesis on negative gravitropism of shoots, auxin is redistributed to the side where it cell expansion.

In the process of vernalization, early is stimulated by exposing the germinating seeds to temperatures.

If a leaf is given an inductive cycle and then removed immediately the plant _, but if the leaf is removed several hours after photoinduction, then the plant ___.