Question 1

The smallest known photosynthetic organism is a prochlorophyte called Prochlorococcus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

______ are probably the smallest organisms capable of independent growth.

Accepted Answer

A)  Mycoplasmas 
B)  Purple bacteria 
C)  Green sulfur bacteria 
D)  Cyanobacteria 
E)  Prochlorophytes 
A)  Mycoplasmas 
B)  Purple bacteria 
C)  Green sulfur bacteria 
D)  Cyanobacteria 
E)  Prochlorophytes A

Question 3

In the photosynthetic purple bacteria, photosynthesis occurs in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  pili. 
B)  glycocalyx. 
C)  cell wall. 
D)  nucleoid. 
E)  plasma membrane. 
A)  pili. 
B)  glycocalyx. 
C)  cell wall. 
D)  nucleoid. 
E)  plasma membrane. E

Question 4

A disease in which bacteria invade the vessels of the xylem and interfere with the movement of water and minerals is a:

Accepted Answer

A)  blight. 
B)  soft rot. 
C)  wilt. 
D)  gall. 
E)  spot. 
A)  blight. 
B)  soft rot. 
C)  wilt. 
D)  gall. 
E)  spot.

Question 5

A bacillus has a spherical shape.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Citrus stubborn disease is caused by a:

Accepted Answer

A)  green bacterium. 
B)  purple nonsulfur bacterium. 
C)  spiroplasma. 
D)  cyanobacterium. 
E)  prochlorophyte. 
A)  green bacterium. 
B)  purple nonsulfur bacterium. 
C)  spiroplasma. 
D)  cyanobacterium. 
E)  prochlorophyte.

Question 7

______ are archaeans living in regions of very high salt concentration.

Accepted Answer

A)  Mycoplasmas 
B)  Extreme thermophiles 
C)  Members of the genus Thermoplasma 
D)  Extreme halophiles 
E)  Methanogens 
A)  Mycoplasmas 
B)  Extreme thermophiles 
C)  Members of the genus Thermoplasma 
D)  Extreme halophiles 
E)  Methanogens

Question 8

By definition, autotrophs differ from heterotrophs in that autotrophs:

Accepted Answer

A)  use inorganic compounds as an energy source. 
B)  use light as an energy source. 
C)  use carbon dioxide as their sole source of carbon. 
D)  obtain their carbon from dead organic matter. 
E)  obtain their energy from dead organic matter. 
A)  use inorganic compounds as an energy source. 
B)  use light as an energy source. 
C)  use carbon dioxide as their sole source of carbon. 
D)  obtain their carbon from dead organic matter. 
E)  obtain their energy from dead organic matter.

Question 9

The glycocalyx is a:

Accepted Answer

A)  type of bacterial plasmid. 
B)  convoluted infolding of the prokaryotic plasma membrane. 
C)  type of inclusion body in prokaryotic cells. 
D)  constituent of the cell wall of gram-positive Bacteria. 
E)  slimy or gummy substance coating the outer surface of the prokaryotic cell wall. 
A)  type of bacterial plasmid. 
B)  convoluted infolding of the prokaryotic plasma membrane. 
C)  type of inclusion body in prokaryotic cells. 
D)  constituent of the cell wall of gram-positive Bacteria. 
E)  slimy or gummy substance coating the outer surface of the prokaryotic cell wall.

Question 10

Which of the following statements concerning archaeans is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some inhabit hostile environments. 
B)  Some inhabit soils. 
C)  Some are pathogenic. 
D)  They are a major component of the oceanic picoplankton. 
E)  They can be divided into four groups. 
A)  Some inhabit hostile environments. 
B)  Some inhabit soils. 
C)  Some are pathogenic. 
D)  They are a major component of the oceanic picoplankton. 
E)  They can be divided into four groups.

Question 11

Bacterial fermentation of lactose is associated with the production of:

Accepted Answer

A)  streptomycin. 
B)  tetracycline. 
C)  cheese. 
D)  vinegar. 
E)  amino acids. 
A)  streptomycin. 
B)  tetracycline. 
C)  cheese. 
D)  vinegar. 
E)  amino acids.

Question 12

Prokaryotes that can grow in the presence of oxygen, even though they cannot use oxygen, are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  facultative anaerobes. 
B)  facultative aerobes. 
C)  photosynthetic autotrophs. 
D)  psychrophiles. 
E)  thermophiles 
A)  facultative anaerobes. 
B)  facultative aerobes. 
C)  photosynthetic autotrophs. 
D)  psychrophiles. 
E)  thermophiles

Question 13

In prokaryotes, poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid rather than glycogen is the major storage substance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following statements concerning plant viral infections is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The viruses penetrate the cell wall. 
B)  Once inside the cell, the virion sheds its capsid. 
C)  The viral nucleic acid takes over the genetic machinery of the host cell. 
D)  Additional nucleic acids are produced. 
E)  Viral nucleic acids and proteins are assembled into additional virus particles. 
A)  The viruses penetrate the cell wall. 
B)  Once inside the cell, the virion sheds its capsid. 
C)  The viral nucleic acid takes over the genetic machinery of the host cell. 
D)  Additional nucleic acids are produced. 
E)  Viral nucleic acids and proteins are assembled into additional virus particles.

Question 15

The cell walls of gram-positive and gram-negative Bacteria differ in that gram-positive species have cell walls:

Accepted Answer

A)  with less peptidoglycan. 
B)  of greater thickness. 
C)  consisting of two layers. 
D)  with a layer of lipopolysaccharides. 
E)  with a structure similar to that of the plasma membrane. 
A)  with less peptidoglycan. 
B)  of greater thickness. 
C)  consisting of two layers. 
D)  with a layer of lipopolysaccharides. 
E)  with a structure similar to that of the plasma membrane.

Question 16

In the process of conjugation, DNA is transferred from one cell to another via pili.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Prokaryotic flagella differ from eukaryotic flagella in that prokaryotic flagella:

Accepted Answer

A)  are surrounded by a plasma membrane. 
B)  consist of microtubules. 
C)  consist of subunits of flagellin. 
D)  are long, slender appendages. 
E)  are involved in motility. 
A)  are surrounded by a plasma membrane. 
B)  consist of microtubules. 
C)  consist of subunits of flagellin. 
D)  are long, slender appendages. 
E)  are involved in motility.

Question 18

What prokaryotes lack a cell wall and cause highly destructive diseases such as X-disease of peach?

Accepted Answer

A)  prochlorophytes 
B)  cyanobacteria 
C)  purple nonsulfur bacteria 
D)  green nonsulfur bacteria 
E)  phytoplasmas 
A)  prochlorophytes 
B)  cyanobacteria 
C)  purple nonsulfur bacteria 
D)  green nonsulfur bacteria 
E)  phytoplasmas

Question 19

Which of the following statements concerning biofilms is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  They consist of assemblages of cells enclosed in a matrix of molecules. 
B)  They are composed of bacteria but not archaea. 
C)  They require communication and signaling among cells. 
D)  An example is the film that develops on unbrushed teeth. 
E)  They increase the chances for survival of cells in the biofilm. 
A)  They consist of assemblages of cells enclosed in a matrix of molecules. 
B)  They are composed of bacteria but not archaea. 
C)  They require communication and signaling among cells. 
D)  An example is the film that develops on unbrushed teeth. 
E)  They increase the chances for survival of cells in the biofilm.

Question 20

The strict anaerobes residing in the digestive tracts of cattle are:

Accepted Answer

A)  mycoplasmas. 
B)  extreme thermophiles. 
C)  members of the genus Thermoplasma. 
D)  extreme halophiles. 
E)  methanogens. 
A)  mycoplasmas. 
B)  extreme thermophiles. 
C)  members of the genus Thermoplasma. 
D)  extreme halophiles. 
E)  methanogens.

Exam 13: Prokaryotes and Viruses

The smallest known photosynthetic organism is a prochlorophyte called Prochlorococcus.

______ are probably the smallest organisms capable of independent growth.

In the photosynthetic purple bacteria, photosynthesis occurs in the:

A disease in which bacteria invade the vessels of the xylem and interfere with the movement of water and minerals is a:

A bacillus has a spherical shape.

Citrus stubborn disease is caused by a:

______ are archaeans living in regions of very high salt concentration.

By definition, autotrophs differ from heterotrophs in that autotrophs:

The glycocalyx is a:

Which of the following statements concerning archaeans is FALSE?

Bacterial fermentation of lactose is associated with the production of:

Prokaryotes that can grow in the presence of oxygen, even though they cannot use oxygen, are called:

In prokaryotes, poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid rather than glycogen is the major storage substance.

Which of the following statements concerning plant viral infections is FALSE?

The cell walls of gram-positive and gram-negative Bacteria differ in that gram-positive species have cell walls:

In the process of conjugation, DNA is transferred from one cell to another via pili.

Prokaryotic flagella differ from eukaryotic flagella in that prokaryotic flagella:

What prokaryotes lack a cell wall and cause highly destructive diseases such as X-disease of peach?

Which of the following statements concerning biofilms is FALSE?

The strict anaerobes residing in the digestive tracts of cattle are:

Botany: an Introduction

The Molecular Composition of Plant Cells

The Plant Cell and the Cell Cycle

The Movement of Substances Into and Out of Cells

The Flow of Energy

Respiration

Photosynthesis, Light, and Life

Sexual Reproduction and Heredity

The Chemistry of Heredity and Gene Expression

Recombinant Dna Technology, Plant Biotechnology, and Genomics

The Process of Evolution

Systematics: the Science of Biological Diversity

Fungi

Protists: Algae and Heterotrophic Protists

Bryophytes

Seedless Vascular Plants

Gymnosperms

Introduction to the Angiosperms

Evolution of the Angiosperms

Plants and People

Early Development of the Plant Body

Cells and Tissues of the Plant Body

The Root: Structure and Development

The Shoot: Primary Structure and Development

Secondary Growth in Stems

Regulating Growth and Development: the Plant Hormones

External Factors and Plant Growth

Plant Nutrition and Soils

The Movement of Water and Solutes in Plants

The Dynamics of Communities and Ecosystems

Global Ecology

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