Question 1

Parasitic angiosperms such as mistletoe directly break down proteins in organic matter found in the soil.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Which of the following groups contains species that are nonsymbiotic, photosynthetic, nitrogen-fixing bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  genus Azotobacter 
B)  genus Azotococcus 
C)  genus Beijerinckia 
D)  genus Clostridium 
E)  cyanobacteria 
A)  genus Azotobacter 
B)  genus Azotococcus 
C)  genus Beijerinckia 
D)  genus Clostridium 
E)  cyanobacteria E

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a way in which the phosphorus cycle differs from the nitrogen cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  The phosphorus cycle has more steps. 
B)  The phosphorus cycle is not dependent on specific groups of microorganisms. 
C)  In the phosphorus cycle, the Earth's crust is the primary reservoir of the element. 
D)  The phosphorus cycle does not involve a gaseous stage. 
E)  The phosphorus cycle involves the long-term weathering of rocks. 
A)  The phosphorus cycle has more steps. 
B)  The phosphorus cycle is not dependent on specific groups of microorganisms. 
C)  In the phosphorus cycle, the Earth's crust is the primary reservoir of the element. 
D)  The phosphorus cycle does not involve a gaseous stage. 
E)  The phosphorus cycle involves the long-term weathering of rocks. A

Question 4

Bacteria that induce nodule formation in clover will also induce nodule formation in soybeans.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The destruction of marshes and wetlands most notably affects the ______ stage of the nitrogen cycle.

Accepted Answer

A)  ammonification 
B)  denitrification 
C)  nitrogen fixation 
D)  nitrification 
E)  assimilation 
A)  ammonification 
B)  denitrification 
C)  nitrogen fixation 
D)  nitrification 
E)  assimilation

Question 6

______ is one of the ways in which phosphorus is lost from terrestrial ecosystems.

Accepted Answer

A)  Leaching 
B)  Evaporation 
C)  Burning 
D)  Recycling 
E)  The action of microorganisms 
A)  Leaching 
B)  Evaporation 
C)  Burning 
D)  Recycling 
E)  The action of microorganisms

Question 7

Which of the following ions is MOST likely to be precipitated in alkaline soils?

Accepted Answer

A)  hydroxide 
B)  bicarbonate 
C)  sulfate 
D)  iron 
E)  potassium 
A)  hydroxide 
B)  bicarbonate 
C)  sulfate 
D)  iron 
E)  potassium

Question 8

Which of the following statements concerning beneficial elements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Silicon is a beneficial element only for horsetails. 
B)  Sodium is a beneficial element for certain halophytes. 
C)  They are essential for most plants. 
D)  Aluminum is a beneficial element for the tea plant. 
E)  They are essential for plants grown only under specific environmental conditions. 
A)  Silicon is a beneficial element only for horsetails. 
B)  Sodium is a beneficial element for certain halophytes. 
C)  They are essential for most plants. 
D)  Aluminum is a beneficial element for the tea plant. 
E)  They are essential for plants grown only under specific environmental conditions.

Question 9

An example of cation exchange is ______ replacing ______ on a clay particle.

Accepted Answer

A)  H+; K+ 
B)  H+; NO3− 
C)  NO3−; SO42− 
D)  OH−; SO42− 
E)  HCO3−; Mg2+ 
A)  H+; K+ 
B)  H+; NO3− 
C)  NO3−; SO42− 
D)  OH−; SO42− 
E)  HCO3−; Mg2+

Question 10

A determinate nodule is different from an indeterminate nodule in that a determinate nodule:

Accepted Answer

A)  is elongated. 
B)  is cylindrical. 
C)  is spherical 
D)  has a persistent meristem. 
E)  consists of several zones. 
A)  is elongated. 
B)  is cylindrical. 
C)  is spherical 
D)  has a persistent meristem. 
E)  consists of several zones.

Question 11

The direct role of flavonoids in nodule formation is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulate formation of infection threads. 
B)  stimulate cell wall degradation. 
C)  stimulate root-hair curling. 
D)  attract rhizobia. 
E)  activate the plant Nod genes. 
A)  stimulate formation of infection threads. 
B)  stimulate cell wall degradation. 
C)  stimulate root-hair curling. 
D)  attract rhizobia. 
E)  activate the plant Nod genes.

Question 12

In the process of ammonification, ammonium ions are used to form amino acids.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Chlorosis refers to the:

Accepted Answer

A)  localized death of tissues. 
B)  yellowing of leaves. 
C)  stunted growth of stems and leaves. 
D)  development of tumors. 
E)  healing of wounds. 
A)  localized death of tissues. 
B)  yellowing of leaves. 
C)  stunted growth of stems and leaves. 
D)  development of tumors. 
E)  healing of wounds.

Question 14

In soils where nitrogen is limiting, _____ is a major and direct source of nitrogen.

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrate 
B)  ammonia 
C)  organic nitrogen 
D)  nitrite 
E)  N2 
A)  nitrate 
B)  ammonia 
C)  organic nitrogen 
D)  nitrite 
E)  N2

Question 15

Strategy I for iron mobilization and uptake involves the acidification of the rhizosphere by proton pumps.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The most common nitrogen-fixing bacteria are Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Deficiency symptoms of phloem-immobile elements such as potassium and nitrogen appear first in older leaves.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

As dead organic materials are broken down by bacteria and fungi, the nitrogen not used by these organisms is released as ______ in a process called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  NH4+; ammonification 
B)  NO3−; nitrification 
C)  NO2−; nitrification 
D)  N2; denitrification 
E)  N2O; denitrification 
A)  NH4+; ammonification 
B)  NO3−; nitrification 
C)  NO2−; nitrification 
D)  N2; denitrification 
E)  N2O; denitrification

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a strategy utilized by plants for the uptake of phosphate from the soil?

Accepted Answer

A)  rapid root growth 
B)  rapid lateral root growth 
C)  proliferation of root hairs 
D)  inhibition of extraradical hyphae 
E)  symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi 
A)  rapid root growth 
B)  rapid lateral root growth 
C)  proliferation of root hairs 
D)  inhibition of extraradical hyphae 
E)  symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Question 20

The chief reservoir of nitrogen is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the soil. 
B)  the ocean. 
C)  living organisms. 
D)  dead organic material. 
E)  the atmosphere. 
A)  the soil. 
B)  the ocean. 
C)  living organisms. 
D)  dead organic material. 
E)  the atmosphere.

Exam 29: Plant Nutrition and Soils

Parasitic angiosperms such as mistletoe directly break down proteins in organic matter found in the soil.

Which of the following groups contains species that are nonsymbiotic, photosynthetic, nitrogen-fixing bacteria?

Which of the following is NOT a way in which the phosphorus cycle differs from the nitrogen cycle?

Bacteria that induce nodule formation in clover will also induce nodule formation in soybeans.

The destruction of marshes and wetlands most notably affects the ______ stage of the nitrogen cycle.

______ is one of the ways in which phosphorus is lost from terrestrial ecosystems.

Which of the following ions is MOST likely to be precipitated in alkaline soils?

Which of the following statements concerning beneficial elements is FALSE?

An example of cation exchange is ______ replacing ______ on a clay particle.

A determinate nodule is different from an indeterminate nodule in that a determinate nodule:

The direct role of flavonoids in nodule formation is to:

In the process of ammonification, ammonium ions are used to form amino acids.

Chlorosis refers to the:

In soils where nitrogen is limiting, _____ is a major and direct source of nitrogen.

Strategy I for iron mobilization and uptake involves the acidification of the rhizosphere by proton pumps.

The most common nitrogen-fixing bacteria are Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium.

Deficiency symptoms of phloem-immobile elements such as potassium and nitrogen appear first in older leaves.

As dead organic materials are broken down by bacteria and fungi, the nitrogen not used by these organisms is released as ______ in a process called ______.

Which of the following is NOT a strategy utilized by plants for the uptake of phosphate from the soil?

The chief reservoir of nitrogen is:

Botany: an Introduction

The Molecular Composition of Plant Cells

The Plant Cell and the Cell Cycle

The Movement of Substances Into and Out of Cells

The Flow of Energy

Respiration

Photosynthesis, Light, and Life

Sexual Reproduction and Heredity

The Chemistry of Heredity and Gene Expression

Recombinant Dna Technology, Plant Biotechnology, and Genomics

The Process of Evolution

Systematics: the Science of Biological Diversity

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Fungi

Protists: Algae and Heterotrophic Protists

Bryophytes

Seedless Vascular Plants

Gymnosperms

Introduction to the Angiosperms

Evolution of the Angiosperms

Plants and People

Early Development of the Plant Body

Cells and Tissues of the Plant Body

The Root: Structure and Development

The Shoot: Primary Structure and Development

Secondary Growth in Stems

Regulating Growth and Development: the Plant Hormones

External Factors and Plant Growth

The Movement of Water and Solutes in Plants

The Dynamics of Communities and Ecosystems

Global Ecology

Filters

An example of cation exchange is replacing on a clay particle.

As dead organic materials are broken down by bacteria and fungi, the nitrogen not used by these organisms is released as in a process called .