Question 1

The most widespread and active brassinosteroid is:

Accepted Answer

A)  brassinolide. 
B)  24-epibrassinolide. 
C)  S-adenosylmethionine. 
D)  strigolactone. 
E)  castasterone. 
A)  brassinolide. 
B)  24-epibrassinolide. 
C)  S-adenosylmethionine. 
D)  strigolactone. 
E)  castasterone. A

Question 2

In Arabidopsis, the ethylene receptor is located in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  endoplasmic reticulum. 
B)  plasma membrane. 
C)  Golgi apparatus. 
D)  chloroplast. 
E)  nucleus. 
A)  endoplasmic reticulum. 
B)  plasma membrane. 
C)  Golgi apparatus. 
D)  chloroplast. 
E)  nucleus. A

Question 3

The brassinosteroid receptor differs from the receptors for auxin, gibberellin, ethylene and cytokinins in that the brassinosteroid receptor:

Accepted Answer

A)  is located entirely in the endoplasmic reticulum. 
B)  has an extracellular region, a transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmic region. 
C)  is located entirely in the cytoplasm. 
D)  does not initiate a signaling cascade. 
E)  binds directly with genes in the nucleus. 
A)  is located entirely in the endoplasmic reticulum. 
B)  has an extracellular region, a transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmic region. 
C)  is located entirely in the cytoplasm. 
D)  does not initiate a signaling cascade. 
E)  binds directly with genes in the nucleus. B

Question 4

Which of the following statements concerning the role of auxin in developing leaves of Arabidopsis is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Auxin is produced first at the leaf base and later at the tip. 
B)  Auxin stimulates the differentiation of vascular tissue. 
C)  Auxin induces the formation of lateral veins. 
D)  Auxin is produced by cells that will differentiate into hydathodes. 
E)  Auxin induces the formation of the midvein. 
A)  Auxin is produced first at the leaf base and later at the tip. 
B)  Auxin stimulates the differentiation of vascular tissue. 
C)  Auxin induces the formation of lateral veins. 
D)  Auxin is produced by cells that will differentiate into hydathodes. 
E)  Auxin induces the formation of the midvein.

Question 5

In stems, polar auxin transport occurs mainly in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  vessels only. 
B)  sieve tubes only. 
C)  vascular parenchyma cells only. 
D)  vessels and sieve tubes. 
E)  vessels and parenchyma cells. 
A)  vessels only. 
B)  sieve tubes only. 
C)  vascular parenchyma cells only. 
D)  vessels and sieve tubes. 
E)  vessels and parenchyma cells.

Question 6

In etiolated pea seedlings, ethylene causes ______ longitudinal growth, ______ radial expansion of epicotyls, and ______ growth of epicotyls.

Accepted Answer

A)  increased; increased; horizontal 
B)  increased; decreased; horizontal 
C)  decreased; increased; horizontal 
D)  decreased; increased; angular 
E)  increased; decreased; angular 
A)  increased; increased; horizontal 
B)  increased; decreased; horizontal 
C)  decreased; increased; horizontal 
D)  decreased; increased; angular 
E)  increased; decreased; angular

Question 7

Which of the following statements about gibberellins is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  They induce bolting in long-day plants. 
B)  They induce early flowering in biennials. 
C)  They cause rosette formation in cabbages and carrots. 
D)  They cause development of parthenocarpic apples and currants. 
E)  They are used in the commercial production of seedless grapes. 
A)  They induce bolting in long-day plants. 
B)  They induce early flowering in biennials. 
C)  They cause rosette formation in cabbages and carrots. 
D)  They cause development of parthenocarpic apples and currants. 
E)  They are used in the commercial production of seedless grapes.

Question 8

Ethylene stimulates internodal elongation of rice plants that are submerged during monsoon flooding.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Auxin is the only plant hormone known to be transported in a polar manner.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

______ is very similar to the amino acid tryptophan.

Accepted Answer

A)  Gibberellin 
B)  Cytokinin 
C)  Indoleacetic acid 
D)  Abscisic acid 
E)  Ethylene 
A)  Gibberellin 
B)  Cytokinin 
C)  Indoleacetic acid 
D)  Abscisic acid 
E)  Ethylene

Question 11

Which of the following statements concerning strigolactone is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a terpenoid derived from carotenoids. 
B)  It stimulates bud growth. 
C)  It is present in root exudates. 
D)  It promotes the formation of mycorrhizae. 
E)  It stimulates seed germination of root-parasitic plants. 
A)  It is a terpenoid derived from carotenoids. 
B)  It stimulates bud growth. 
C)  It is present in root exudates. 
D)  It promotes the formation of mycorrhizae. 
E)  It stimulates seed germination of root-parasitic plants.

Question 12

_________ have recently been ranked along with the "classic five" as a major class of plant hormone.

Accepted Answer

A)  Systemins 
B)  Florigens 
C)  Brassinosteroids 
D)  Salicylic acids 
E)  Jasmonates 
A)  Systemins 
B)  Florigens 
C)  Brassinosteroids 
D)  Salicylic acids 
E)  Jasmonates

Question 13

Cytokinins are synthesized in roots and transported in the xylem to other parts of the plant.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

If cell wall microfibrils are oriented transversely, the cell normally expands:

Accepted Answer

A)  in all directions. 
B)  at an oblique angle. 
C)  first laterally and then longitudinally. 
D)  laterally. 
E)  longitudinally. 
A)  in all directions. 
B)  at an oblique angle. 
C)  first laterally and then longitudinally. 
D)  laterally. 
E)  longitudinally.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about abscisic acid is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has no direct role in abscission. 
B)  It induces the closing of stomata. 
C)  It prevents premature seed germination. 
D)  It inhibits the production of seed storage proteins. 
E)  It is produced during water stress. 
A)  It has no direct role in abscission. 
B)  It induces the closing of stomata. 
C)  It prevents premature seed germination. 
D)  It inhibits the production of seed storage proteins. 
E)  It is produced during water stress.

Question 16

Second messengers do not cross the plasma membrane and enter the cytosol.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Recent evidence indicates that auxin does not directly inhibit the growth of lateral buds.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

In germinating barley seeds, the ______ releases gibberellins, which then diffuse to the ______ where they stimulate the synthesis of hydrolytic enzymes.

Accepted Answer

A)  endosperm; aleurone layer 
B)  embryo; aleurone layer 
C)  aleurone layer; embryo 
D)  aleurone layer; endosperm 
E)  embryo; seed coat 
A)  endosperm; aleurone layer 
B)  embryo; aleurone layer 
C)  aleurone layer; embryo 
D)  aleurone layer; endosperm 
E)  embryo; seed coat

Question 19

If wounding causes the destruction of vascular tissues in an herbaceous eudicot stem:

Accepted Answer

A)  replacement vascular tissues will not form under any conditions. 
B)  replacement vascular tissues will form if IAA is added to the stem just below the wound. 
C)  replacement vascular tissues will form if the leaves and buds above the wound are intact. 
D)  water will be transported in pith cells instead of in xylem. 
E)  food will be transported in pith cells instead of in phloem. 
A)  replacement vascular tissues will not form under any conditions. 
B)  replacement vascular tissues will form if IAA is added to the stem just below the wound. 
C)  replacement vascular tissues will form if the leaves and buds above the wound are intact. 
D)  water will be transported in pith cells instead of in xylem. 
E)  food will be transported in pith cells instead of in phloem.

Question 20

In the ethylene signaling pathway in Arabidopsis, when the EIN2 protein is activated which of the following happens next?

Accepted Answer

A)  ETR1 undergoes a conformational change. 
B)  CTR1 is activated. 
C)  the ethylene signal is transmitted into the nucleus. 
D)  a transcription factor is activated. 
E)  genes are activated. 
A)  ETR1 undergoes a conformational change. 
B)  CTR1 is activated. 
C)  the ethylene signal is transmitted into the nucleus. 
D)  a transcription factor is activated. 
E)  genes are activated.

Exam 27: Regulating Growth and Development: the Plant Hormones

The most widespread and active brassinosteroid is:

In Arabidopsis, the ethylene receptor is located in the:

The brassinosteroid receptor differs from the receptors for auxin, gibberellin, ethylene and cytokinins in that the brassinosteroid receptor:

Which of the following statements concerning the role of auxin in developing leaves of Arabidopsis is FALSE?

In stems, polar auxin transport occurs mainly in the:

In etiolated pea seedlings, ethylene causes ______ longitudinal growth, ______ radial expansion of epicotyls, and ______ growth of epicotyls.

Which of the following statements about gibberellins is FALSE?

Ethylene stimulates internodal elongation of rice plants that are submerged during monsoon flooding.

Auxin is the only plant hormone known to be transported in a polar manner.

______ is very similar to the amino acid tryptophan.

Which of the following statements concerning strigolactone is FALSE?

_________ have recently been ranked along with the "classic five" as a major class of plant hormone.

Cytokinins are synthesized in roots and transported in the xylem to other parts of the plant.

If cell wall microfibrils are oriented transversely, the cell normally expands:

Which of the following statements about abscisic acid is FALSE?

Second messengers do not cross the plasma membrane and enter the cytosol.

Recent evidence indicates that auxin does not directly inhibit the growth of lateral buds.

In germinating barley seeds, the ______ releases gibberellins, which then diffuse to the ______ where they stimulate the synthesis of hydrolytic enzymes.

If wounding causes the destruction of vascular tissues in an herbaceous eudicot stem:

In the ethylene signaling pathway in Arabidopsis, when the EIN2 protein is activated which of the following happens next?

Botany: an Introduction

The Molecular Composition of Plant Cells

The Plant Cell and the Cell Cycle

The Movement of Substances Into and Out of Cells

The Flow of Energy

Respiration

Photosynthesis, Light, and Life

Sexual Reproduction and Heredity

The Chemistry of Heredity and Gene Expression

Recombinant Dna Technology, Plant Biotechnology, and Genomics

The Process of Evolution

Systematics: the Science of Biological Diversity

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Fungi

Protists: Algae and Heterotrophic Protists

Bryophytes

Seedless Vascular Plants

Gymnosperms

Introduction to the Angiosperms

Evolution of the Angiosperms

Plants and People

Early Development of the Plant Body

Cells and Tissues of the Plant Body

The Root: Structure and Development

The Shoot: Primary Structure and Development

Secondary Growth in Stems

External Factors and Plant Growth

Plant Nutrition and Soils

The Movement of Water and Solutes in Plants

The Dynamics of Communities and Ecosystems

Global Ecology

Filters

In etiolated pea seedlings, ethylene causes longitudinal growth, radial expansion of epicotyls, and __ growth of epicotyls.

In germinating barley seeds, the releases gibberellins, which then diffuse to the where they stimulate the synthesis of hydrolytic enzymes.