Question 1

The two primary functions of roots are:

Accepted Answer

A)  conduction and protection. 
B)  storage and conduction. 
C)  anchorage and storage. 
D)  anchorage and absorption. 
E)  anchorage and conduction. 
A)  conduction and protection. 
B)  storage and conduction. 
C)  anchorage and storage. 
D)  anchorage and absorption. 
E)  anchorage and conduction. D

Question 2

The sequence of regions in a growing root, beginning immediately behind the rootcap, is:

Accepted Answer

A)  elongation, maturation, cell division. 
B)  cell division, maturation, elongation. 
C)  cell division, elongation, maturation. 
D)  elongation, cell division, maturation. 
E)  maturation, elongation, cell division. 
A)  elongation, maturation, cell division. 
B)  cell division, maturation, elongation. 
C)  cell division, elongation, maturation. 
D)  elongation, cell division, maturation. 
E)  maturation, elongation, cell division. C

Question 3

The vascular cambium is initiated by cells:

Accepted Answer

A)  of the pericycle. 
B)  of the endodermis. 
C)  in the center of the vascular cylinder. 
D)  opposite the protoxylem poles. 
E)  between the primary xylem and primary phloem. 
A)  of the pericycle. 
B)  of the endodermis. 
C)  in the center of the vascular cylinder. 
D)  opposite the protoxylem poles. 
E)  between the primary xylem and primary phloem. E

Question 4

The ______ occupies the greatest area of the primary root.

Accepted Answer

A)  epidermis 
B)  xylem 
C)  phloem 
D)  pericycle 
E)  cortex 
A)  epidermis 
B)  xylem 
C)  phloem 
D)  pericycle 
E)  cortex

Question 5

If you placed your hand on the outer surface of a root that is one meter in diameter, you would be touching:

Accepted Answer

A)  epidermis. 
B)  cork. 
C)  phelloderm. 
D)  proliferated pericycle. 
E)  cortex. 
A)  epidermis. 
B)  cork. 
C)  phelloderm. 
D)  proliferated pericycle. 
E)  cortex.

Question 6

Lateral roots originate from cells of the vascular cambium.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

In angiosperms, cells of the ______ and the ______ contribute to lateral root formation.

Accepted Answer

A)  endodermis; pericycle 
B)  epidermis; pericycle 
C)  epidermis; endodermis 
D)  pith; cortex 
E)  primary phloem; secondary phloem 
A)  endodermis; pericycle 
B)  epidermis; pericycle 
C)  epidermis; endodermis 
D)  pith; cortex 
E)  primary phloem; secondary phloem

Question 8

The rhizosphere is the volume of:

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrogen-fixing bacteria surrounding the root. 
B)  soil around the root. 
C)  mucilage secreted by the root. 
D)  root hairs plus mucilage. 
E)  rootcap cells released from the root. 
A)  nitrogen-fixing bacteria surrounding the root. 
B)  soil around the root. 
C)  mucilage secreted by the root. 
D)  root hairs plus mucilage. 
E)  rootcap cells released from the root.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the rootcap is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  It secretes mucilage. 
B)  Its peripheral cells are released as it grows through the soil. 
C)  Its peripheral cells are not replaced. 
D)  It helps the root penetrate the soil. 
E)  It protects the root apical meristem. 
A)  It secretes mucilage. 
B)  Its peripheral cells are released as it grows through the soil. 
C)  Its peripheral cells are not replaced. 
D)  It helps the root penetrate the soil. 
E)  It protects the root apical meristem.

Question 10

Immediately inside the cells of the cork cambium is:

Accepted Answer

A)  cork. 
B)  cortex. 
C)  phelloderm. 
D)  endodermis. 
E)  pericycle. 
A)  cork. 
B)  cortex. 
C)  phelloderm. 
D)  endodermis. 
E)  pericycle.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about monocot roots is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The root system is generally shallower than in eudicots. 
B)  The main root system has one prominent root. 
C)  The roots form a fibrous root system. 
D)  The main root system develops from roots arising from the stem. 
E)  The primary root is short-lived. 
A)  The root system is generally shallower than in eudicots. 
B)  The main root system has one prominent root. 
C)  The roots form a fibrous root system. 
D)  The main root system develops from roots arising from the stem. 
E)  The primary root is short-lived.

Question 12

Suberin lamellae, such as those found in some older roots, are alternating layers of:

Accepted Answer

A)  lignin and cellulose. 
B)  cellulose and wax. 
C)  suberin and wax. 
D)  suberin and lignin. 
E)  suberin and cellulose. 
A)  lignin and cellulose. 
B)  cellulose and wax. 
C)  suberin and wax. 
D)  suberin and lignin. 
E)  suberin and cellulose.

Question 13

The endodermis is found in the outermost layer of cells of the cortex.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

After you transplant a shrub, which of the following is the more effective next step you should do to increase the chances that the shrub will survive?

Accepted Answer

A)  Add fertilizer. 
B)  Add weed killers. 
C)  Cut back the fine roots. 
D)  Cut back the lateral roots. 
E)  Cut back the shoot. 
A)  Add fertilizer. 
B)  Add weed killers. 
C)  Cut back the fine roots. 
D)  Cut back the lateral roots. 
E)  Cut back the shoot.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about Casparian strips is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are found in the anticlinal walls of endodermal cells. 
B)  They are permeable to water but not to ions. 
C)  They are band-like portions of the cell wall and middle lamella. 
D)  They contain suberin. 
E)  The do not contain plasmodesmata. 
A)  They are found in the anticlinal walls of endodermal cells. 
B)  They are permeable to water but not to ions. 
C)  They are band-like portions of the cell wall and middle lamella. 
D)  They contain suberin. 
E)  The do not contain plasmodesmata.

Question 16

Gravity- and water-potential gradients are perceived by the:

Accepted Answer

A)  root apical meristem. 
B)  root hairs. 
C)  columella. 
D)  lateral rootcap. 
E)  border cells. 
A)  root apical meristem. 
B)  root hairs. 
C)  columella. 
D)  lateral rootcap. 
E)  border cells.

Question 17

The lateral rootcap receives gravity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The root systems of eudicots are well suited to preventing soil erosion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The cork cambium produces phelloderm toward the outside and cork toward the inside.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Lenticels are found in the periderm and permit the passage of air.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 24: The Root: Structure and Development

The two primary functions of roots are:

The sequence of regions in a growing root, beginning immediately behind the rootcap, is:

The vascular cambium is initiated by cells:

The ______ occupies the greatest area of the primary root.

If you placed your hand on the outer surface of a root that is one meter in diameter, you would be touching:

Lateral roots originate from cells of the vascular cambium.

In angiosperms, cells of the ______ and the ______ contribute to lateral root formation.

The rhizosphere is the volume of:

Which of the following statements about the rootcap is FALSE?

Immediately inside the cells of the cork cambium is:

Which of the following statements about monocot roots is FALSE?

Suberin lamellae, such as those found in some older roots, are alternating layers of:

The endodermis is found in the outermost layer of cells of the cortex.

After you transplant a shrub, which of the following is the more effective next step you should do to increase the chances that the shrub will survive?

Which of the following statements about Casparian strips is FALSE?

Gravity- and water-potential gradients are perceived by the:

The lateral rootcap receives gravity.

The root systems of eudicots are well suited to preventing soil erosion.

The cork cambium produces phelloderm toward the outside and cork toward the inside.

Lenticels are found in the periderm and permit the passage of air.

Botany: an Introduction

The Molecular Composition of Plant Cells

The Plant Cell and the Cell Cycle

The Movement of Substances Into and Out of Cells

The Flow of Energy

Respiration

Photosynthesis, Light, and Life

Sexual Reproduction and Heredity

The Chemistry of Heredity and Gene Expression

Recombinant Dna Technology, Plant Biotechnology, and Genomics

The Process of Evolution

Systematics: the Science of Biological Diversity

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Fungi

Protists: Algae and Heterotrophic Protists

Bryophytes

Seedless Vascular Plants

Gymnosperms

Introduction to the Angiosperms

Evolution of the Angiosperms

Plants and People

Early Development of the Plant Body

Cells and Tissues of the Plant Body

The Shoot: Primary Structure and Development

Secondary Growth in Stems

Regulating Growth and Development: the Plant Hormones

External Factors and Plant Growth

Plant Nutrition and Soils

The Movement of Water and Solutes in Plants

The Dynamics of Communities and Ecosystems

Global Ecology

Filters

In angiosperms, cells of the and the contribute to lateral root formation.