Exam 18: Gymnosperms

Which extinct gymnosperms resembled modern cycads?

In pine, the mature microgametophyte is the germinated pollen grain.

In pines, the generative cell of the male gametophyte divides to produce:

With the evolution of the ovule, the unit of dispersal shifted from the megaspore to the:

In pines, materials are conducted between the mesophyll and the vascular bundles via transfusion tissue.

Cyanobacteria typically inhabit coralloid roots.

______ is a gnetophyte characterized by two strap-shaped leaves growing from a massive woody disk.

In Pinus, when the generative cell divides it produces one sterile cell and two spermatogenous cells.

Palmlike gymnosperms belong to the phylum:

The fossil record indicates that the integument evolved through a gradual:

Polyembryony is common in gymnosperms because a(n):

In pines, a megaspore mother cell divides to give rise to four ______, of which ______ disintegrate(s).

Seeds are thought to have evolved before wood.

The progymnosperms had characteristics intermediate between those of the ______ and those of the ______.

Members of the phylum ______ harbor a green alga that exists in a "precursor" state, having neither discernible nuclei nor mitochondria.

In pines, the mature male gametophyte consists of:

Microspore mother cells divide by mitosis, producing microsporocytes.

After fertilization, the integuments develop into the:

In which of the following groups is the pollen tube haustorial?

The tallest vascular plant belongs to the phylum Coniferophyta.