Question 1

"Softwood" is the name given to wood:

Accepted Answer

A)  found in conifers. 
B)  found in eudicots. 
C)  composed of functional phloem. 
D)  composed of primary xylem. 
E)  having no commercial value. 
A)  found in conifers. 
B)  found in eudicots. 
C)  composed of functional phloem. 
D)  composed of primary xylem. 
E)  having no commercial value.

Question 2

The cells that comprise the vascular cambium are the ___________ and the ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  axial rays; vascular rays 
B)  axial rays; fusiform initials 
C)  vascular rays; fusiform initials 
D)  fusiform initials; ray initials 
E)  vascular rays; ray initials 
A)  axial rays; vascular rays 
B)  axial rays; fusiform initials 
C)  vascular rays; fusiform initials 
D)  fusiform initials; ray initials 
E)  vascular rays; ray initials

Question 3

Reactivation of the vascular cambium in the spring is triggered by the expansion of the buds.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

In angiosperms, early wood ______ than late wood.

Accepted Answer

A)  has narrower cells 
B)  has thicker cell walls 
C)  is denser 
D)  is produced later in the growing season 
E)  may have much larger pores 
A)  has narrower cells 
B)  has thicker cell walls 
C)  is denser 
D)  is produced later in the growing season 
E)  may have much larger pores

Question 5

All the periderms make up the outer bark.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Woody perennials usually keep growing during unfavorable seasons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Unlike ring bark, scale bark:

Accepted Answer

A)  is found in honeysuckle (Lonicera). 
B)  is found in grape (Vitis). 
C)  contains cork. 
D)  contains concentric rings of periderms. 
E)  contains discontinuous layers of periderms. 
A)  is found in honeysuckle (Lonicera). 
B)  is found in grape (Vitis). 
C)  contains cork. 
D)  contains concentric rings of periderms. 
E)  contains discontinuous layers of periderms.

Question 8

Conifer wood typically contains more parenchyma than angiosperm wood.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Bark may contain primary tissues as well as secondary tissues.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Ring-porous woods are different from diffuse-porous woods because in ring-porous woods:

Accepted Answer

A)  the pores of late wood are larger than those of early wood. 
B)  the pores of early wood are larger than those of late wood. 
C)  the pores are fairly uniform in size throughout the growth layer. 
D)  almost all the water is conducted in the innermost growth layer. 
E)  vessels are lacking. 
A)  the pores of late wood are larger than those of early wood. 
B)  the pores of early wood are larger than those of late wood. 
C)  the pores are fairly uniform in size throughout the growth layer. 
D)  almost all the water is conducted in the innermost growth layer. 
E)  vessels are lacking.

Question 11

The cambial zone consists of:

Accepted Answer

A)  the fusiform initials only. 
B)  the ray initials only. 
C)  the fusiform initials and ray initials only. 
D)  the fusiform initials, the ray initials, and their immediate derivatives only. 
E)  the fusiform initials, the ray initials, their immediate derivatives, and the vascular rays. 
A)  the fusiform initials only. 
B)  the ray initials only. 
C)  the fusiform initials and ray initials only. 
D)  the fusiform initials, the ray initials, and their immediate derivatives only. 
E)  the fusiform initials, the ray initials, their immediate derivatives, and the vascular rays.

Question 12

In the southern hemisphere, a biennial can correctly be called a winter annual.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

In secondary tissues, the cells of the axial system are oriented vertically and those of the radial system are oriented horizontally.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The cambial zone consists of the fusiform initials and their immediate derivatives.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Conducting phloem:

Accepted Answer

A)  is composed of primary tissue. 
B)  is part of the inner bark. 
C)  functions primarily to store foods. 
D)  consists of living or dead sieve elements. 
E)  makes up the majority of secondary phloem in older plants. 
A)  is composed of primary tissue. 
B)  is part of the inner bark. 
C)  functions primarily to store foods. 
D)  consists of living or dead sieve elements. 
E)  makes up the majority of secondary phloem in older plants.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about secondary growth is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The secondary vascular tissues form a cylindrical shape. 
B)  Vascular rays extend radially through the secondary xylem and secondary phloem. 
C)  Primary phloem fibers remain intact longer than other primary phloem cells. 
D)  The primary phloem is pushed outward. 
E)  Most plants produce more secondary phloem than secondary xylem. 
A)  The secondary vascular tissues form a cylindrical shape. 
B)  Vascular rays extend radially through the secondary xylem and secondary phloem. 
C)  Primary phloem fibers remain intact longer than other primary phloem cells. 
D)  The primary phloem is pushed outward. 
E)  Most plants produce more secondary phloem than secondary xylem.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about resin ducts is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  They may result from trauma. 
B)  They secrete resin that may protect against fungi and beetles. 
C)  They are intercellular spaces lined with collenchyma cells. 
D)  Their formulation may be stimulated by wounding. 
E)  In Pinus they occur in both the axial system and the rays. 
A)  They may result from trauma. 
B)  They secrete resin that may protect against fungi and beetles. 
C)  They are intercellular spaces lined with collenchyma cells. 
D)  Their formulation may be stimulated by wounding. 
E)  In Pinus they occur in both the axial system and the rays.

Question 18

At the end of the first year's secondary growth, immediately inside the secondary phloem is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  primary phloem. 
B)  periderm. 
C)  vascular cambium. 
D)  cortex. 
E)  secondary xylem. 
A)  primary phloem. 
B)  periderm. 
C)  vascular cambium. 
D)  cortex. 
E)  secondary xylem.

Question 19

Which of the following is found in the outer bark but not the inner bark?

Accepted Answer

A)  xylem 
B)  pith 
C)  cork 
D)  phelloderm 
E)  phloem 
A)  xylem 
B)  pith 
C)  cork 
D)  phelloderm 
E)  phloem

Question 20

Which of the following statements about growth rings is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  They may be absent in trees growing in the tropics. 
B)  They are caused by variations in the activity of the vascular cambium in each growing season. 
C)  They may occur in secondary phloem as well as in secondary xylem. 
D)  An annual ring represents one season's growth. 
E)  A false annual ring represents growth in an unusually short growing season. 
A)  They may be absent in trees growing in the tropics. 
B)  They are caused by variations in the activity of the vascular cambium in each growing season. 
C)  They may occur in secondary phloem as well as in secondary xylem. 
D)  An annual ring represents one season's growth. 
E)  A false annual ring represents growth in an unusually short growing season.

Exam 26: Secondary Growth in Stems

"Softwood" is the name given to wood:

The cells that comprise the vascular cambium are the ___________ and the ______________.

Reactivation of the vascular cambium in the spring is triggered by the expansion of the buds.

In angiosperms, early wood ______ than late wood.

All the periderms make up the outer bark.

Woody perennials usually keep growing during unfavorable seasons.

Unlike ring bark, scale bark:

Conifer wood typically contains more parenchyma than angiosperm wood.

Bark may contain primary tissues as well as secondary tissues.

Ring-porous woods are different from diffuse-porous woods because in ring-porous woods:

The cambial zone consists of:

In the southern hemisphere, a biennial can correctly be called a winter annual.

In secondary tissues, the cells of the axial system are oriented vertically and those of the radial system are oriented horizontally.

The cambial zone consists of the fusiform initials and their immediate derivatives.

Conducting phloem:

Which of the following statements about secondary growth is FALSE?

Which of the following statements about resin ducts is FALSE?

At the end of the first year's secondary growth, immediately inside the secondary phloem is the:

Which of the following is found in the outer bark but not the inner bark?

Which of the following statements about growth rings is FALSE?

Botany: an Introduction

The Molecular Composition of Plant Cells

The Plant Cell and the Cell Cycle

The Movement of Substances Into and Out of Cells

The Flow of Energy

Respiration

Photosynthesis, Light, and Life

Sexual Reproduction and Heredity

The Chemistry of Heredity and Gene Expression

Recombinant Dna Technology, Plant Biotechnology, and Genomics

The Process of Evolution

Systematics: the Science of Biological Diversity

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Fungi

Protists: Algae and Heterotrophic Protists

Bryophytes

Seedless Vascular Plants

Gymnosperms

Introduction to the Angiosperms

Evolution of the Angiosperms

Plants and People

Early Development of the Plant Body

Cells and Tissues of the Plant Body

The Root: Structure and Development

The Shoot: Primary Structure and Development

Regulating Growth and Development: the Plant Hormones

External Factors and Plant Growth

Plant Nutrition and Soils

The Movement of Water and Solutes in Plants

The Dynamics of Communities and Ecosystems

Global Ecology

Filters

The cells that comprise the vascular cambium are the _ and the ____.