Question 1

What fraction of lean tissue represents the water content?

Accepted Answer

A) 1/10 
B) 1/3 
C) 1/2 
D) 3/4 
A) 1/10 
B) 1/3 
C) 1/2 
D) 3/4

Question 2

Estrogen therapy for osteoporosis is often rejected because it may increase risk for

Accepted Answer

A) cancer. 
B) heart disease. 
C) hypertension. 
D) diverticulosis. 
A) cancer. 
B) heart disease. 
C) hypertension. 
D) diverticulosis.

Question 3

The muscle stiffness that results from abnormally high calcium levels in the blood is termed

Accepted Answer

A) calcium rigor. 
B) calcium tetany. 
C) myosinotoxicosis. 
D) calmodulin dysfunction. 
A) calcium rigor. 
B) calcium tetany. 
C) myosinotoxicosis. 
D) calmodulin dysfunction.

Question 4

As far as is known, which of the following is not a process that directly involves calcium?

Accepted Answer

A) pH regulation 
B) Blood clotting 
C) Nerve transmission 
D) Maintenance of heart beat 
A) pH regulation 
B) Blood clotting 
C) Nerve transmission 
D) Maintenance of heart beat

Question 5

Which of the following foods are significant sources of oxalates?

Accepted Answer

A) Seeds and nuts 
B) Processed cheeses 
C) Fermented dairy products 
D) Spinach and sweet potatoes 
A) Seeds and nuts 
B) Processed cheeses 
C) Fermented dairy products 
D) Spinach and sweet potatoes

Question 6

What percentage of people with osteoporosis are female?

Accepted Answer

A) 20 
B) 40 
C) 60 
D) 80 
A) 20 
B) 40 
C) 60 
D) 80

Question 7

What is the major extracellular cation?

Accepted Answer

A) Sodium 
B) Sulfate 
C) Protein 
D) Potassium 
A) Sodium 
B) Sulfate 
C) Protein 
D) Potassium

Question 8

Among the following calcium supplements, which contains the lowest percentage of calcium?

Accepted Answer

A) Calcium citrate 
B) Calcium lactate 
C) Calcium carbonate 
D) Calcium gluconate 
A) Calcium citrate 
B) Calcium lactate 
C) Calcium carbonate 
D) Calcium gluconate

Question 9

All of the following are known to have a high correlation with risk for osteoporosis except

Accepted Answer

A) being thin. 
B) being female. 
C) having anorexia nervosa. 
D) consuming a high-protein diet. 
A) being thin. 
B) being female. 
C) having anorexia nervosa. 
D) consuming a high-protein diet.

Question 10

In what decade of life does osteoporosis first begin in men and women?

Accepted Answer

A) Fourth 
B) Fifth 
C) Sixth 
D) Seventh 
A) Fourth 
B) Fifth 
C) Sixth 
D) Seventh

Question 11

The most common fracture sites of osteoporosis type I are

Accepted Answer

A) spine and wrist. 
B) hip and femur. 
C) neck and shoulder. 
D) elbow and knee. 
A) spine and wrist. 
B) hip and femur. 
C) neck and shoulder. 
D) elbow and knee.

Question 12

How does antidiuretic hormone function?

Accepted Answer

A) It activates renin 
B) It activates angiotension 
C) It stimulates water reabsorption by the kidneys 
D) It stimulates sodium reabsorption by the kidneys 
A) It activates renin 
B) It activates angiotension 
C) It stimulates water reabsorption by the kidneys 
D) It stimulates sodium reabsorption by the kidneys

Question 13

Hyponatremia refers to low blood concentration of

Accepted Answer

A) renin. 
B) sodium. 
C) chloride. 
D) aldosterone. 
A) renin. 
B) sodium. 
C) chloride. 
D) aldosterone.

Question 14

What is the incidence of bone fractures in African American women in comparison with Caucasian women?

Accepted Answer

A) Same 
B) One-half as much 
C) Twice as much 
D) Three times as much 
A) Same 
B) One-half as much 
C) Twice as much 
D) Three times as much

Question 15

Anabolic drug treatments for osteoporosis work chiefly by

Accepted Answer

A) stimulating estrogen release. 
B) enhancing osteoblast activity. 
C) stimulating calcium absorption. 
D) reducing renal calcium excretion. 
A) stimulating estrogen release. 
B) enhancing osteoblast activity. 
C) stimulating calcium absorption. 
D) reducing renal calcium excretion.

Question 16

Ions that carry a positive charge are called

Accepted Answer

A) anions. 
B) cations. 
C) mineralytes. 
D) valence ions. 
A) anions. 
B) cations. 
C) mineralytes. 
D) valence ions.

Question 17

Which of the following is a risk of consuming calcium supplements above the UL?

Accepted Answer

A) Calcium tetany 
B) Atrophic gastritis 
C) Vitamin D deficiency 
D) Kidney stone formation 
A) Calcium tetany 
B) Atrophic gastritis 
C) Vitamin D deficiency 
D) Kidney stone formation

Question 18

What is the major source of dietary sulfur?

Accepted Answer

A) Fats 
B) Protein 
C) Mineral salts 
D) Carbohydrates 
A) Fats 
B) Protein 
C) Mineral salts 
D) Carbohydrates

Question 19

What is the body's most indispensable nutrient?

Accepted Answer

A) Fat 
B) Water 
C) Protein 
D) Glucose 
A) Fat 
B) Water 
C) Protein 
D) Glucose

Question 20

What is the major extracellular anion?

Accepted Answer

A) Sodium 
B) Lactate 
C) Sulfate 
D) Chloride 
A) Sodium 
B) Lactate 
C) Sulfate 
D) Chloride

Exam 12: Water and the Major Minerals

What fraction of lean tissue represents the water content?

Estrogen therapy for osteoporosis is often rejected because it may increase risk for

The muscle stiffness that results from abnormally high calcium levels in the blood is termed

As far as is known, which of the following is not a process that directly involves calcium?

Which of the following foods are significant sources of oxalates?

What percentage of people with osteoporosis are female?

What is the major extracellular cation?

Among the following calcium supplements, which contains the lowest percentage of calcium?

All of the following are known to have a high correlation with risk for osteoporosis except

In what decade of life does osteoporosis first begin in men and women?

The most common fracture sites of osteoporosis type I are

How does antidiuretic hormone function?

Hyponatremia refers to low blood concentration of

What is the incidence of bone fractures in African American women in comparison with Caucasian women?

Anabolic drug treatments for osteoporosis work chiefly by

Ions that carry a positive charge are called

Which of the following is a risk of consuming calcium supplements above the UL?

What is the major source of dietary sulfur?

What is the body's most indispensable nutrient?

What is the major extracellular anion?

An Overview of Nutrition

Planning a Healthy Diet

Digestion, Absorption, and Transport

The Carbohydrates: Sugars, Starches and Fibers

The Lipids: Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Sterols

Protein: Amino Acids

Metabolism: Transformations and Interactions

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management: Overweight, Obesity, and Underweight

The Water-Soluble Vitamins: B Vitamins and Vitamin C

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins: A, D, E, and K

The Trace Minerals

Life Cycle Nutrition: Pregnancy and Lactation

Life Cycle Nutrition: Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence

Life Cycle Nutrition: Adulthood and the Later Years

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention

Medications, Diet-Drug Interactions, and Herbal Products

Enteral Nutrition Support

Parenteral Nutrition Support

Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Liver Disease and Gallstones

Diabetes Mellitus

Cardiovascular Diseases

Kidney Diseases

Cancer and Hiv Infection

Filters