Question 1

For optimal utilization of calcium supplements, it is best to take them several times a day, in doses up to

Accepted Answer

A) 100 mg. 
B) 200 mg. 
C) 500 mg. 
D) 800 mg. 
A) 100 mg. 
B) 200 mg. 
C) 500 mg. 
D) 800 mg. C

Question 2

Which of the following is a general characteristic of sodium in processed foods?

Accepted Answer

A) Instant chocolate pudding is a low-sodium food 
B) Processed foods contribute less than half of the sodium in our diets 
C) Salted peanuts contain less sodium than cereals on a per-gram basis 
D) Dairy products and meats represent major sources of sodium in our diets 
A) Instant chocolate pudding is a low-sodium food 
B) Processed foods contribute less than half of the sodium in our diets 
C) Salted peanuts contain less sodium than cereals on a per-gram basis 
D) Dairy products and meats represent major sources of sodium in our diets C

Question 3

All of the following are features of bone health and smoking except

Accepted Answer

A) bone density appears to recover in former smokers. 
B) older smokers have less dense bones than older nonsmokers. 
C) sedentary smokers have less dense bones than sedentary nonsmokers. 
D) smokers adapt by increasing their calcium absorption and reducing their bone resorption rate. 
A) bone density appears to recover in former smokers. 
B) older smokers have less dense bones than older nonsmokers. 
C) sedentary smokers have less dense bones than sedentary nonsmokers. 
D) smokers adapt by increasing their calcium absorption and reducing their bone resorption rate. D

Question 4

Where is interstitial water found?

Accepted Answer

A) Within cells 
B) Between cells 
C) Within the lungs 
D) Within blood vessels 
A) Within cells 
B) Between cells 
C) Within the lungs 
D) Within blood vessels

Question 5

Which of the following is a feature of magnesium nutrition?

Accepted Answer

A) The average body contains about 100 g 
B) Blood is a major reservoir of the mineral 
C) Deficiency is associated with hypertension 
D) Dietary intake data are the sum of the amounts from food and water 
A) The average body contains about 100 g 
B) Blood is a major reservoir of the mineral 
C) Deficiency is associated with hypertension 
D) Dietary intake data are the sum of the amounts from food and water

Question 6

Abnormally low blood sodium concentration is known specifically as

Accepted Answer

A) hypertension. 
B) hyponatremia. 
C) hyperkalemia. 
D) water intoxication. 
A) hypertension. 
B) hyponatremia. 
C) hyperkalemia. 
D) water intoxication.

Question 7

All of the following are typical ingredients in an oral rehydration therapy formula except

Accepted Answer

A) salt. 
B) water. 
C) sugar. 
D) protein. 
A) salt. 
B) water. 
C) sugar. 
D) protein.

Question 8

The development of osteoporosis in men typically occurs at what age in relation to the appearance of osteoporosis in women?

Accepted Answer

A) 3 years later 
B) 10 years later 
C) About the same 
D) 4 years earlier 
A) 3 years later 
B) 10 years later 
C) About the same 
D) 4 years earlier

Question 9

Which of the following is a major function of magnesium?

Accepted Answer

A) Transport of oxygen 
B) Prevention of anemia 
C) Catalyst in energy metabolism 
D) Production of thyroid hormone 
A) Transport of oxygen 
B) Prevention of anemia 
C) Catalyst in energy metabolism 
D) Production of thyroid hormone

Question 10

Some amino acids can link to each other by bridges made of

Accepted Answer

A) sulfur. 
B) calcium. 
C) chloride. 
D) magnesium. 
A) sulfur. 
B) calcium. 
C) chloride. 
D) magnesium.

Question 11

Which of the following is not known to be a risk factor for osteoporosis in men?

Accepted Answer

A) High BMI 
B) Alcohol abuse 
C) Corticosteroid use 
D) Low testosterone levels 
A) High BMI 
B) Alcohol abuse 
C) Corticosteroid use 
D) Low testosterone levels

Question 12

Among the following calcium supplements, which is most calcium-dense?

Accepted Answer

A) Calcium citrate 
B) Calcium lactate 
C) Calcium carbonate 
D) Calcium gluconate 
A) Calcium citrate 
B) Calcium lactate 
C) Calcium carbonate 
D) Calcium gluconate

Question 13

All of the following are good plant sources of calcium for the body except

Accepted Answer

A) spinach. 
B) almonds. 
C) corn tortillas. 
D) sesame seeds. 
A) spinach. 
B) almonds. 
C) corn tortillas. 
D) sesame seeds.

Question 14

What is the term for the pressure that develops when two solutions of varying concentrations are separated by a membrane?

Accepted Answer

A) Hypotension 
B) Hypertension 
C) Osmotic pressure 
D) Hypertonic pressure 
A) Hypotension 
B) Hypertension 
C) Osmotic pressure 
D) Hypertonic pressure

Question 15

In a normal individual with a daily requirement of 500 mg sodium, what would be the sodium balance after an intake of 10 g of common salt?

Accepted Answer

A) Equilibrium 
B) Slight positive balance 
C) Strong positive balance 
D) Moderate positive balance 
A) Equilibrium 
B) Slight positive balance 
C) Strong positive balance 
D) Moderate positive balance

Question 16

The average daily loss of water via the kidneys, lungs, feces, and skin is approximately

Accepted Answer

A) 0 to 0.5 liters. 
B) 0.5 to 1.5 liters. 
C) 1.5 to 2.5 liters. 
D) 3.0 to 4.0 liters. 
A) 0 to 0.5 liters. 
B) 0.5 to 1.5 liters. 
C) 1.5 to 2.5 liters. 
D) 3.0 to 4.0 liters.

Question 17

Protective factors for osteoporosis include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) obesity. 
B) female gender. 
C) moderate alcohol intake. 
D) having African American heritage. 
A) obesity. 
B) female gender. 
C) moderate alcohol intake. 
D) having African American heritage.

Question 18

Which of the following ages (years) is typically associated with people having the densest bone?

Accepted Answer

A) 15 
B) 28 
C) 35 
D) 46 
A) 15 
B) 28 
C) 35 
D) 46

Question 19

Which of the following regulates the level of calcium in the blood?

Accepted Answer

A) Dietary intake of calcium 
B) Glucagon and epinephrine 
C) Dietary intake of phosphorus 
D) Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin 
A) Dietary intake of calcium 
B) Glucagon and epinephrine 
C) Dietary intake of phosphorus 
D) Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin

Question 20

Which of the following body structures helps to regulate thirst?

Accepted Answer

A) Brain stem 
B) Cerebellum 
C) Optic nerve 
D) Hypothalamus 
A) Brain stem 
B) Cerebellum 
C) Optic nerve 
D) Hypothalamus

Exam 12: Water and the Major Minerals

For optimal utilization of calcium supplements, it is best to take them several times a day, in doses up to

Which of the following is a general characteristic of sodium in processed foods?

All of the following are features of bone health and smoking except

Where is interstitial water found?

Which of the following is a feature of magnesium nutrition?

Abnormally low blood sodium concentration is known specifically as

All of the following are typical ingredients in an oral rehydration therapy formula except

The development of osteoporosis in men typically occurs at what age in relation to the appearance of osteoporosis in women?

Which of the following is a major function of magnesium?

Some amino acids can link to each other by bridges made of

Which of the following is not known to be a risk factor for osteoporosis in men?

Among the following calcium supplements, which is most calcium-dense?

All of the following are good plant sources of calcium for the body except

What is the term for the pressure that develops when two solutions of varying concentrations are separated by a membrane?

In a normal individual with a daily requirement of 500 mg sodium, what would be the sodium balance after an intake of 10 g of common salt?

The average daily loss of water via the kidneys, lungs, feces, and skin is approximately

Protective factors for osteoporosis include all of the following except

Which of the following ages (years) is typically associated with people having the densest bone?

Which of the following regulates the level of calcium in the blood?

Which of the following body structures helps to regulate thirst?

An Overview of Nutrition

Planning a Healthy Diet

Digestion, Absorption, and Transport

The Carbohydrates: Sugars, Starches and Fibers

The Lipids: Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Sterols

Protein: Amino Acids

Metabolism: Transformations and Interactions

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management: Overweight, Obesity, and Underweight

The Water-Soluble Vitamins: B Vitamins and Vitamin C

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins: A, D, E, and K

The Trace Minerals

Life Cycle Nutrition: Pregnancy and Lactation

Life Cycle Nutrition: Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence

Life Cycle Nutrition: Adulthood and the Later Years

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention

Medications, Diet-Drug Interactions, and Herbal Products

Enteral Nutrition Support

Parenteral Nutrition Support

Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Liver Disease and Gallstones

Diabetes Mellitus

Cardiovascular Diseases

Kidney Diseases

Cancer and Hiv Infection

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