Question 1

Which of the following is a symptom of potassium deficiency?

Accepted Answer

A) Extreme thirst 
B) Muscle weakness 
C) Profound sweating 
D) Lowered blood pressure 
A) Extreme thirst 
B) Muscle weakness 
C) Profound sweating 
D) Lowered blood pressure

Question 2

Which of the following is a feature of calcium in the body?

Accepted Answer

A) High blood calcium levels correlate with tetany 
B) Abnormal dietary calcium intakes promote calcium rigor 
C) Higher calcium intakes correlate with lower body fatness 
D) Efficiency of intestinal calcium absorption is similar for children and adults 
A) High blood calcium levels correlate with tetany 
B) Abnormal dietary calcium intakes promote calcium rigor 
C) Higher calcium intakes correlate with lower body fatness 
D) Efficiency of intestinal calcium absorption is similar for children and adults

Question 3

What minimum level of body weight loss as water impairs a person's physical performance?

Accepted Answer

A) 1-2% 
B) 3-4% 
C) 5-9% 
D) 10-15% 
A) 1-2% 
B) 3-4% 
C) 5-9% 
D) 10-15%

Question 4

Which of the following is a major function of chloride?

Accepted Answer

A) Participates in wound healing 
B) Helps maintain gastric acidity 
C) Acts as principal intracellular electrolyte 
D) Protects bone structures against degeneration 
A) Participates in wound healing 
B) Helps maintain gastric acidity 
C) Acts as principal intracellular electrolyte 
D) Protects bone structures against degeneration

Question 5

Approximately how many people in the United States are afflicted with osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

A) 500,000 
B) 5 million 
C) 25 million 
D) 50 million 
A) 500,000 
B) 5 million 
C) 25 million 
D) 50 million

Question 6

At what age do adults normally begin to lose bone mass?

Accepted Answer

A) 30-40 yrs 
B) 40-50 yrs 
C) 50-60 yrs 
D) 60-70 yrs 
A) 30-40 yrs 
B) 40-50 yrs 
C) 50-60 yrs 
D) 60-70 yrs

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of trabecular bone?

Accepted Answer

A) Synthesis of vitamin D 
B) Synthesis of calcitonin 
C) Storage site for calcium 
D) Storage site for vitamin D 
A) Synthesis of vitamin D 
B) Synthesis of calcitonin 
C) Storage site for calcium 
D) Storage site for vitamin D

Question 8

What is the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

A) A cell membrane protein that uses energy to pump sodium into the cell 
B) A cell membrane protein that uses energy to pump sodium out of the cell 
C) A mechanism present throughout interstitial fluid for draining sodium from the circulation 
D) A mechanism present in the kidneys that exchanges sodium with lactic acid in order to regulate organic acid concentration 
A) A cell membrane protein that uses energy to pump sodium into the cell 
B) A cell membrane protein that uses energy to pump sodium out of the cell 
C) A mechanism present throughout interstitial fluid for draining sodium from the circulation 
D) A mechanism present in the kidneys that exchanges sodium with lactic acid in order to regulate organic acid concentration

Question 9

Almost all (99%) of the calcium in the body is used to

Accepted Answer

A) provide energy for cells. 
B) provide rigidity for the bones and teeth. 
C) regulate the transmission of nerve impulses. 
D) maintain the blood level of calcium within very narrow limits. 
A) provide energy for cells. 
B) provide rigidity for the bones and teeth. 
C) regulate the transmission of nerve impulses. 
D) maintain the blood level of calcium within very narrow limits.

Question 10

Antiresorptive drug treatments for osteoporosis work primarily by

Accepted Answer

A) stimulating parathormone release. 
B) inhibiting kidney excretion of calcium. 
C) stimulating intestinal calcium absorption. 
D) inhibiting the activities of the bone-degrading cells. 
A) stimulating parathormone release. 
B) inhibiting kidney excretion of calcium. 
C) stimulating intestinal calcium absorption. 
D) inhibiting the activities of the bone-degrading cells.

Question 11

All of the following are known to enhance calcium absorption from the GI tract except

Accepted Answer

A) lactose. 
B) oxalates. 
C) pregnancy. 
D) stomach acid. 
A) lactose. 
B) oxalates. 
C) pregnancy. 
D) stomach acid.

Question 12

What percentage of a person's total sodium intake derives from naturally occurring food sodium?

Accepted Answer

A) 0 
B) 10 
C) 50 
D) 80 
A) 0 
B) 10 
C) 50 
D) 80

Question 13

Which of the following shows the highest bioavailability for calcium?

Accepted Answer

A) Milk 
B) Spinach 
C) Broccoli 
D) Pinto beans 
A) Milk 
B) Spinach 
C) Broccoli 
D) Pinto beans

Question 14

Approximately how much water is in a loaf of bread?

Accepted Answer

A) 2% of the loaf 
B) 5% of the loaf 
C) 20% of the loaf 
D) 35% of the loaf 
A) 2% of the loaf 
B) 5% of the loaf 
C) 20% of the loaf 
D) 35% of the loaf

Question 15

Which of the following is a feature of water?

Accepted Answer

A) Not a vital nutrient 
B) Not found in foods 
C) Oxidized to yield energy 
D) Generated from oxidation of energy nutrients 
A) Not a vital nutrient 
B) Not found in foods 
C) Oxidized to yield energy 
D) Generated from oxidation of energy nutrients

Question 16

Which of the following describes a way to make an electrolyte solution?

Accepted Answer

A) Dissolve a teaspoon of salt in a glass of water 
B) Vigorously shake a mixture of corn oil and water 
C) Dissolve a pinch of corn starch in a glass of water 
D) Vigorously shake a pinch of table sugar in warm water 
A) Dissolve a teaspoon of salt in a glass of water 
B) Vigorously shake a mixture of corn oil and water 
C) Dissolve a pinch of corn starch in a glass of water 
D) Vigorously shake a pinch of table sugar in warm water

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic of caffeine intake and water balance?

Accepted Answer

A) Caffeine inhibits water absorption from the GI tract 
B) Caffeine is known to act as a diuretic only when consumed as coffee or tea 
C) Regular intake of caffeine promotes an increase in water retention of the interstitial fluid volume 
D) Habitual consumers of caffeine lose almost no more fluid from the body than when ingesting noncaffeinated beverages 
A) Caffeine inhibits water absorption from the GI tract 
B) Caffeine is known to act as a diuretic only when consumed as coffee or tea 
C) Regular intake of caffeine promotes an increase in water retention of the interstitial fluid volume 
D) Habitual consumers of caffeine lose almost no more fluid from the body than when ingesting noncaffeinated beverages

Question 18

Normally, what is the relationship of the amount of sodium excreted to the amount ingested that day?

Accepted Answer

A) Intake is higher 
B) Excretion is higher 
C) Intake and excretion are equal 
D) Excretion is unrelated to intake 
A) Intake is higher 
B) Excretion is higher 
C) Intake and excretion are equal 
D) Excretion is unrelated to intake

Question 19

What is the major intracellular cation?

Accepted Answer

A) Sodium 
B) Calcium 
C) Phosphate 
D) Potassium 
A) Sodium 
B) Calcium 
C) Phosphate 
D) Potassium

Question 20

How much calcium (mg) would typically be absorbed by a normal adult with a calcium intake of 1,000 mg?

Accepted Answer

A) 100 
B) 300 
C) 600 
D) 950 
A) 100 
B) 300 
C) 600 
D) 950

Exam 12: Water and the Major Minerals

Which of the following is a symptom of potassium deficiency?

Which of the following is a feature of calcium in the body?

What minimum level of body weight loss as water impairs a person's physical performance?

Which of the following is a major function of chloride?

Approximately how many people in the United States are afflicted with osteoporosis?

At what age do adults normally begin to lose bone mass?

Which of the following is a function of trabecular bone?

What is the sodium-potassium pump?

Almost all (99%) of the calcium in the body is used to

Antiresorptive drug treatments for osteoporosis work primarily by

All of the following are known to enhance calcium absorption from the GI tract except

What percentage of a person's total sodium intake derives from naturally occurring food sodium?

Which of the following shows the highest bioavailability for calcium?

Approximately how much water is in a loaf of bread?

Which of the following is a feature of water?

Which of the following describes a way to make an electrolyte solution?

Which of the following is a characteristic of caffeine intake and water balance?

Normally, what is the relationship of the amount of sodium excreted to the amount ingested that day?

What is the major intracellular cation?

How much calcium (mg) would typically be absorbed by a normal adult with a calcium intake of 1,000 mg?

An Overview of Nutrition

Planning a Healthy Diet

Digestion, Absorption, and Transport

The Carbohydrates: Sugars, Starches and Fibers

The Lipids: Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Sterols

Protein: Amino Acids

Metabolism: Transformations and Interactions

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management: Overweight, Obesity, and Underweight

The Water-Soluble Vitamins: B Vitamins and Vitamin C

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins: A, D, E, and K

The Trace Minerals

Life Cycle Nutrition: Pregnancy and Lactation

Life Cycle Nutrition: Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence

Life Cycle Nutrition: Adulthood and the Later Years

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention

Medications, Diet-Drug Interactions, and Herbal Products

Enteral Nutrition Support

Parenteral Nutrition Support

Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Liver Disease and Gallstones

Diabetes Mellitus

Cardiovascular Diseases

Kidney Diseases

Cancer and Hiv Infection

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