Question 1

Which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

A) People with the nephrotic syndrome are often unable to control blood lipids adequately by diet alone, and they may need to have lipid-lowering medications prescribed for them. 
B) A protein intake of 1.0-1.2 g/kg body weight per day is recommended to minimize loss of lean body mass in nephrotic syndrome. 
C) Edema secondary to nephrotic syndrome should be controlled through dietary sodium restriction, because diuretics cannot be used. 
D) The nutrients thiamin and niacin represent the greatest deficiency risks for individuals with nephrotic syndrome. 
A) People with the nephrotic syndrome are often unable to control blood lipids adequately by diet alone, and they may need to have lipid-lowering medications prescribed for them. 
B) A protein intake of 1.0-1.2 g/kg body weight per day is recommended to minimize loss of lean body mass in nephrotic syndrome. 
C) Edema secondary to nephrotic syndrome should be controlled through dietary sodium restriction, because diuretics cannot be used. 
D) The nutrients thiamin and niacin represent the greatest deficiency risks for individuals with nephrotic syndrome. A

Question 2

Jasmine Singh is 25 years old. She has had frequent urinary tract infections over the past 3 years. She makes an appointment with her physician after an episode of nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.
-What kind of diet should Jasmine follow to prevent kidney stones?

Accepted Answer

A) Regular with plenty of fluids 
B) High protein/high kcalorie with fluid restriction 
C) Low purine with plenty of fluids 
D) Low protein with fluid restriction 
A) Regular with plenty of fluids 
B) High protein/high kcalorie with fluid restriction 
C) Low purine with plenty of fluids 
D) Low protein with fluid restriction A

Question 3

Case Studies
Charlie is a 2 ½-year-old boy with a history of asthma and allergies.He is on several maintenance medications.His parents rush him to the emergency room due to increased lethargy, high fever, and fluid retention in his hands and feet.His laboratory results find a low albumin and high lipid levels.
-Which part of his body is malfunctioning and causing this condition?

Accepted Answer

A) Beta cells 
B) Neurons 
C) Lymphatic system 
D) Glomerulus 
A) Beta cells 
B) Neurons 
C) Lymphatic system 
D) Glomerulus D

Question 4

Which of the following is not a potential cause of the nephrotic syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A) Diabetes 
B) Kidney infections 
C) Chemical damage 
D) Edema 
A) Diabetes 
B) Kidney infections 
C) Chemical damage 
D) Edema

Question 5

Martin Washington is suffering from protein-energy malnutrition.He is on dialysis and the dietitian is trying to increase the energy content of his meals by adding extra fat.Which type of fat should be used?

Accepted Answer

A) Saturated fat 
B) Trans fat 
C) Unsaturated fat 
D) Cholesterol 
A) Saturated fat 
B) Trans fat 
C) Unsaturated fat 
D) Cholesterol

Question 6

Billy Lewis is a 20-year-old man admitted to the hospital with nephrotic syndrome.He is 5'11", weighs 192 lbs., and has edema.His blood values include albumin 1.7 g/dL, K+ 3.3 mEq/L, and LDL cholesterol 192 mg/dL.He is complaining of hunger and wants a snack.The most appropriate food choice is

Accepted Answer

A) a sausage biscuit. 
B) a grilled chicken sandwich with lettuce and tomato. 
C) peanut butter and crackers. 
D) cottage cheese and fruit. 
A) a sausage biscuit. 
B) a grilled chicken sandwich with lettuce and tomato. 
C) peanut butter and crackers. 
D) cottage cheese and fruit.

Question 7

Which of the following is not a consideration when recommending a daily fluid intake for a patient with chronic kidney disease?

Accepted Answer

A) Total daily urine output 
B) Changes in blood pressure 
C) Serum sodium level 
D) Potassium retention 
A) Total daily urine output 
B) Changes in blood pressure 
C) Serum sodium level 
D) Potassium retention

Question 8

Rick has been diagnosed with the nephrotic syndrome.Which of the following is he at increased risk for developing?

Accepted Answer

A) Protein-energy malnutrition 
B) Hyperglycemia 
C) Hyperlipidemias 
D) a and c 
E) b and c 
A) Protein-energy malnutrition 
B) Hyperglycemia 
C) Hyperlipidemias 
D) a and c 
E) b and c

Question 9

Tom has developed acute renal failure as a result of prostate cancer.Which classification of causes of acute renal failure would this fall under?

Accepted Answer

A) Prerenal factor 
B) Intrarenal factor 
C) Postrenal factor 
A) Prerenal factor 
B) Intrarenal factor 
C) Postrenal factor

Question 10

Which of the following is used exclusively to dialyze patients with acute kidney injury?

Accepted Answer

A) Peritoneal dialysis 
B) Hemodialysis 
C) Continuous renal replacement therapy 
D) None of the above 
A) Peritoneal dialysis 
B) Hemodialysis 
C) Continuous renal replacement therapy 
D) None of the above

Question 11

The drug therapy used to treat the nephrotic syndrome can include which of the following types of medication(s)?

Accepted Answer

A) Immunosuppresants 
B) ACE inhibitors 
C) Lipid-lowering medications 
D) a and c 
E) All of the above 
A) Immunosuppresants 
B) ACE inhibitors 
C) Lipid-lowering medications 
D) a and c 
E) All of the above

Question 12

Which of the following is the most common abnormality in people who form calcium oxalate stones?

Accepted Answer

A) Hypercalciuria 
B) Hyperoxaluria 
C) Hyperthyroidism 
D) Hypocalciuria 
A) Hypercalciuria 
B) Hyperoxaluria 
C) Hyperthyroidism 
D) Hypocalciuria

Question 13

Which of the following is the most common complication of peritoneal dialysis?

Accepted Answer

A) Hyperglycemia 
B) Infection 
C) Hypotension 
D) Hernia 
A) Hyperglycemia 
B) Infection 
C) Hypotension 
D) Hernia

Question 14

John Miller has recently received a kidney transplant.Regulation of carbohydrate intake after Mr.Miller's transplant helps to control which immunosuppressant effect?

Accepted Answer

A) Catabolic effect 
B) Glucose intolerance 
C) Weight gain 
D) Hyperkalemia 
A) Catabolic effect 
B) Glucose intolerance 
C) Weight gain 
D) Hyperkalemia

Question 15

The most common method used to evaluate the adequacy of dialysis treatment is

Accepted Answer

A) blood urea nitrogen. 
B) urea kinetic modeling. 
C) weighing a patient pre and post-dialysis. 
D) none of the above 
A) blood urea nitrogen. 
B) urea kinetic modeling. 
C) weighing a patient pre and post-dialysis. 
D) none of the above

Question 16

Diets high in vitamin D and calcium are recommended for children with nephrotic syndrome to prevent

Accepted Answer

A) beriberi. 
B) marasmus. 
C) nephrosclerosis. 
D) rickets. 
A) beriberi. 
B) marasmus. 
C) nephrosclerosis. 
D) rickets.

Question 17

The kidneys activate

Accepted Answer

A) vitamin A. 
B) vitamin B6. 
C) vitamin K. 
D) vitamin D. 
A) vitamin A. 
B) vitamin B6. 
C) vitamin K. 
D) vitamin D.

Question 18

Which of the following diuretics is usually used to mobilize fluids when a patient has edema?

Accepted Answer

A) Hydrochlorothiazide 
B) Furosemide 
C) Aldactone 
D) Spironolactone 
A) Hydrochlorothiazide 
B) Furosemide 
C) Aldactone 
D) Spironolactone

Question 19

The initial stage of kidney failure in which urine output is reduced or absent is called

Accepted Answer

A) diuresis. 
B) oliguria. 
C) hyperkalemia. 
D) recovery. 
A) diuresis. 
B) oliguria. 
C) hyperkalemia. 
D) recovery.

Question 20

Jasmine Singh is 25 years old. She has had frequent urinary tract infections over the past 3 years. She makes an appointment with her physician after an episode of nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.
-Due to her history of urinary tract infections, Jasmine most likely has _____.

Accepted Answer

A) struvite stones 
B) cystine stones 
C) uric acid stones 
D) calcium oxalate stones 
A) struvite stones 
B) cystine stones 
C) uric acid stones 
D) calcium oxalate stones

Exam 28: Kidney Diseases

Which statement is true?

Jasmine Singh is 25 years old. She has had frequent urinary tract infections over the past 3 years. She makes an appointment with her physician after an episode of nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. -What kind of diet should Jasmine follow to prevent kidney stones?

Which of the following is not a potential cause of the nephrotic syndrome?

Martin Washington is suffering from protein-energy malnutrition.He is on dialysis and the dietitian is trying to increase the energy content of his meals by adding extra fat.Which type of fat should be used?

Billy Lewis is a 20-year-old man admitted to the hospital with nephrotic syndrome.He is 5'11", weighs 192 lbs., and has edema.His blood values include albumin 1.7 g/dL, K+ 3.3 mEq/L, and LDL cholesterol 192 mg/dL.He is complaining of hunger and wants a snack.The most appropriate food choice is

Which of the following is not a consideration when recommending a daily fluid intake for a patient with chronic kidney disease?

Rick has been diagnosed with the nephrotic syndrome.Which of the following is he at increased risk for developing?

Tom has developed acute renal failure as a result of prostate cancer.Which classification of causes of acute renal failure would this fall under?

Which of the following is used exclusively to dialyze patients with acute kidney injury?

The drug therapy used to treat the nephrotic syndrome can include which of the following types of medication(s)?

Which of the following is the most common abnormality in people who form calcium oxalate stones?

Which of the following is the most common complication of peritoneal dialysis?

John Miller has recently received a kidney transplant.Regulation of carbohydrate intake after Mr.Miller's transplant helps to control which immunosuppressant effect?

The most common method used to evaluate the adequacy of dialysis treatment is

Diets high in vitamin D and calcium are recommended for children with nephrotic syndrome to prevent

The kidneys activate

Which of the following diuretics is usually used to mobilize fluids when a patient has edema?

The initial stage of kidney failure in which urine output is reduced or absent is called

Jasmine Singh is 25 years old. She has had frequent urinary tract infections over the past 3 years. She makes an appointment with her physician after an episode of nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. -Due to her history of urinary tract infections, Jasmine most likely has _____.

An Overview of Nutrition

Planning a Healthy Diet

Digestion, Absorption, and Transport

The Carbohydrates: Sugars, Starches and Fibers

The Lipids: Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Sterols

Protein: Amino Acids

Metabolism: Transformations and Interactions

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management: Overweight, Obesity, and Underweight

The Water-Soluble Vitamins: B Vitamins and Vitamin C

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins: A, D, E, and K

Water and the Major Minerals

The Trace Minerals

Life Cycle Nutrition: Pregnancy and Lactation

Life Cycle Nutrition: Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence

Life Cycle Nutrition: Adulthood and the Later Years

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention

Medications, Diet-Drug Interactions, and Herbal Products

Enteral Nutrition Support

Parenteral Nutrition Support

Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Liver Disease and Gallstones

Diabetes Mellitus

Cardiovascular Diseases

Cancer and Hiv Infection

Filters

Billy Lewis is a 20-year-old man admitted to the hospital with nephrotic syndrome.He is 5'11", weighs 192 lbs., and has edema.His blood values include albumin 1.7 g/dL, K⁺ 3.3 mEq/L, and LDL cholesterol 192 mg/dL.He is complaining of hunger and wants a snack.The most appropriate food choice is