Question 1

The majority of sodium in a typical diet comes from _____.

Accepted Answer

A) salt added at the table 
B) salt added during cooking 
C) processed foods 
D) unprocessed natural foods 
A) salt added at the table 
B) salt added during cooking 
C) processed foods 
D) unprocessed natural foods

Question 2

To regulate blood pressure, the kidneys secrete

Accepted Answer

A) aldosterone. 
B) erythropoietin. 
C) renin. 
D) vasopressin. 
A) aldosterone. 
B) erythropoietin. 
C) renin. 
D) vasopressin.

Question 3

Which of the following contributes to high uric acid levels?

Accepted Answer

A) Oxalate 
B) Purines 
C) Cystine 
D) Magnesium 
A) Oxalate 
B) Purines 
C) Cystine 
D) Magnesium

Question 4

Sarah Giles is on a fluid restriction.Which of the following recommendations would help her increase her compliance?

Accepted Answer

A) Eat cold gelatin. 
B) Suck on hard candy. 
C) Drink liquids at room temperature. 
D) Record your fluid intake at the end of the day. 
A) Eat cold gelatin. 
B) Suck on hard candy. 
C) Drink liquids at room temperature. 
D) Record your fluid intake at the end of the day.

Question 5

Jeanne is a renal dietitian.She is preparing a pamphlet on holiday cooking that will include how to cook potatoes using the leaching method.This technique:

Accepted Answer

A) increases calcium in the potato. 
B) decreases potassium in the potato. 
C) adds protein to the potato. 
D) decreases phosphorus in the potato. 
A) increases calcium in the potato. 
B) decreases potassium in the potato. 
C) adds protein to the potato. 
D) decreases phosphorus in the potato.

Question 6

The blood level of which of the following is usually elevated during acute renal failure?

Accepted Answer

A) Iron 
B) Calcium 
C) Phosphate 
D) All of the above 
A) Iron 
B) Calcium 
C) Phosphate 
D) All of the above

Question 7

Which of the following is not a possible complication of hemodialysis?

Accepted Answer

A) Infection 
B) Blood clotting 
C) Hypertension 
D) Muscle cramping 
A) Infection 
B) Blood clotting 
C) Hypertension 
D) Muscle cramping

Question 8

For patients with nephrotic syndrome, the recommended daily protein intake is

Accepted Answer

A) 0.6-0.8 g/kg body weight. 
B) 0.7-0.9 g/kg body weight. 
C) 0.8-1.0 g/kg body weight. 
D) 0.9-1.1 g/kg body weight. 
A) 0.6-0.8 g/kg body weight. 
B) 0.7-0.9 g/kg body weight. 
C) 0.8-1.0 g/kg body weight. 
D) 0.9-1.1 g/kg body weight.

Question 9

A client in acute renal failure with hyperkalemia will probably require

Accepted Answer

A) IV glucose and insulin therapy. 
B) IV normal saline with potassium. 
C) extra amounts of oral fluids. 
D) parenteral glucagon therapy. 
A) IV glucose and insulin therapy. 
B) IV normal saline with potassium. 
C) extra amounts of oral fluids. 
D) parenteral glucagon therapy.

Question 10

Nutrition therapy for nephrotic syndrome focuses on

Accepted Answer

A) increasing the fat content in the diet. 
B) preventing protein malnutrition and alleviating edema. 
C) high-protein diets. 
D) high sodium intake. 
A) increasing the fat content in the diet. 
B) preventing protein malnutrition and alleviating edema. 
C) high-protein diets. 
D) high sodium intake.

Question 11

Ben Stevens has begun dialysis.After meeting with his dietitian, he understands that his daily protein intake should:

Accepted Answer

A) be restricted (0.6-0.8 g/kg). 
B) be liberalized (1.2 g/kg). 
C) remain the same as it was prior to renal disease (0.8-1.0 g/kg). 
D) be increased (1.4-1.5 g/kg). 
A) be restricted (0.6-0.8 g/kg). 
B) be liberalized (1.2 g/kg). 
C) remain the same as it was prior to renal disease (0.8-1.0 g/kg). 
D) be increased (1.4-1.5 g/kg).

Question 12

The glucose absorbed from the dialysate used in peritoneal dialysis can provide as many as _____ kcalories daily.

Accepted Answer

A) 200 
B) 400 
C) 800 
D) 1000 
A) 200 
B) 400 
C) 800 
D) 1000

Question 13

Conditions associated with kidney stones include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) inherited disorders of amino acid metabolism. 
B) gout. 
C) hypothyroidism. 
D) vitamin C toxicity. 
A) inherited disorders of amino acid metabolism. 
B) gout. 
C) hypothyroidism. 
D) vitamin C toxicity.

Question 14

To meet energy needs and prevent malnutrition, a pre-dialysis diet for chronic kidney disease should be rich in

Accepted Answer

A) protein. 
B) high-energy-density foods. 
C) fat. 
D) electrolytes. 
A) protein. 
B) high-energy-density foods. 
C) fat. 
D) electrolytes.

Question 15

Morgan Simmons, a 74 year old, is on hemodialysis.She wants to continue consuming 3 cups of non-fat milk per day.The dietitian explains:

Accepted Answer

A) "Continue consuming 3 cups a day; you need calcium and vitamin D." 
B) "Increase your milk intake to 4 cups per day." 
C) "Milk contains phosphorus and too much can be harmful for your medical condition." 
D) "Do not drink milk at all.Take the vitamin D and calcium supplements instead." 
A) "Continue consuming 3 cups a day; you need calcium and vitamin D." 
B) "Increase your milk intake to 4 cups per day." 
C) "Milk contains phosphorus and too much can be harmful for your medical condition." 
D) "Do not drink milk at all.Take the vitamin D and calcium supplements instead."

Question 16

Patients should be advised that which of the following foods contribute to the fluid allowance in fluid-restricted diets?

Accepted Answer

A) Gelatin 
B) Popsicles 
C) Pudding 
D) a and b 
E) b and c 
A) Gelatin 
B) Popsicles 
C) Pudding 
D) a and b 
E) b and c

Question 17

Daniel is a 10-year-old boy that has just been diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome.Which of the following conditions may develop as a result of his nephrotic syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A) Beriberri 
B) Pellagra 
C) Anemia 
D) Rickets 
A) Beriberri 
B) Pellagra 
C) Anemia 
D) Rickets

Question 18

Daily sodium intake should be restricted to about _____ for patients with nephrotic syndrome.

Accepted Answer

A) 0.5-1.0 grams 
B) 1.0-2.0 grams 
C) 1.5-2.5 grams 
D) 2.0-3.0 grams 
A) 0.5-1.0 grams 
B) 1.0-2.0 grams 
C) 1.5-2.5 grams 
D) 2.0-3.0 grams

Question 19

Case Studies
Charlie is a 2 ½-year-old boy with a history of asthma and allergies.He is on several maintenance medications.His parents rush him to the emergency room due to increased lethargy, high fever, and fluid retention in his hands and feet.His laboratory results find a low albumin and high lipid levels.
-What is Charlie suffering from?

Accepted Answer

A) Cystic fibrosis 
B) Type 1 diabetes 
C) Nephrotic syndrome 
D) Uremic syndrome 
A) Cystic fibrosis 
B) Type 1 diabetes 
C) Nephrotic syndrome 
D) Uremic syndrome

Question 20

Chronic kidney disease affects approximately _____ of the U.S.population.

Accepted Answer

A) 3% 
B) 13% 
C) 27% 
D) 50% 
A) 3% 
B) 13% 
C) 27% 
D) 50%

Exam 28: Kidney Diseases

The majority of sodium in a typical diet comes from _____.

To regulate blood pressure, the kidneys secrete

Which of the following contributes to high uric acid levels?

Sarah Giles is on a fluid restriction.Which of the following recommendations would help her increase her compliance?

Jeanne is a renal dietitian.She is preparing a pamphlet on holiday cooking that will include how to cook potatoes using the leaching method.This technique:

The blood level of which of the following is usually elevated during acute renal failure?

Which of the following is not a possible complication of hemodialysis?

For patients with nephrotic syndrome, the recommended daily protein intake is

A client in acute renal failure with hyperkalemia will probably require

Nutrition therapy for nephrotic syndrome focuses on

Ben Stevens has begun dialysis.After meeting with his dietitian, he understands that his daily protein intake should:

The glucose absorbed from the dialysate used in peritoneal dialysis can provide as many as _____ kcalories daily.

Conditions associated with kidney stones include all of the following except

To meet energy needs and prevent malnutrition, a pre-dialysis diet for chronic kidney disease should be rich in

Morgan Simmons, a 74 year old, is on hemodialysis.She wants to continue consuming 3 cups of non-fat milk per day.The dietitian explains:

Patients should be advised that which of the following foods contribute to the fluid allowance in fluid-restricted diets?

Daniel is a 10-year-old boy that has just been diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome.Which of the following conditions may develop as a result of his nephrotic syndrome?

Daily sodium intake should be restricted to about _____ for patients with nephrotic syndrome.

Chronic kidney disease affects approximately _____ of the U.S.population.

An Overview of Nutrition

Planning a Healthy Diet

Digestion, Absorption, and Transport

The Carbohydrates: Sugars, Starches and Fibers

The Lipids: Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Sterols

Protein: Amino Acids

Metabolism: Transformations and Interactions

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management: Overweight, Obesity, and Underweight

The Water-Soluble Vitamins: B Vitamins and Vitamin C

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins: A, D, E, and K

Water and the Major Minerals

The Trace Minerals

Life Cycle Nutrition: Pregnancy and Lactation

Life Cycle Nutrition: Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence

Life Cycle Nutrition: Adulthood and the Later Years

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention

Medications, Diet-Drug Interactions, and Herbal Products

Enteral Nutrition Support

Parenteral Nutrition Support

Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Liver Disease and Gallstones

Diabetes Mellitus

Cardiovascular Diseases

Cancer and Hiv Infection

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