Question 1

Which of the following statements about the classical pathway of complement activation is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  C1 is the first protein activated in the classical pathway. 
B)  The C1 protein complex is initiated by antigen-antibody complexes. 
C)  C3b causes opsonization. 
D)  Cleaved fragments of some of the proteins act to increase inflammation. 
E)  C3 is not involved in the classical pathway. 
A)  C1 is the first protein activated in the classical pathway. 
B)  The C1 protein complex is initiated by antigen-antibody complexes. 
C)  C3b causes opsonization. 
D)  Cleaved fragments of some of the proteins act to increase inflammation. 
E)  C3 is not involved in the classical pathway.

Question 2

Macrophages arise from which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  eosinophils 
B)  neutrophils 
C)  monocytes 
D)  basophils 
E)  lymphocytes 
A)  eosinophils 
B)  neutrophils 
C)  monocytes 
D)  basophils 
E)  lymphocytes

Question 3

Each of the following provides protection from phagocytic digestion EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  M protein. 
B)  leukocidins. 
C)  formation of phagolysosomes. 
D)  capsules. 
E)  biofilms. 
A)  M protein. 
B)  leukocidins. 
C)  formation of phagolysosomes. 
D)  capsules. 
E)  biofilms.

Question 4

The classical pathway for complement activation is initiated by

Accepted Answer

A)  antigen-antibody reactions. 
B)  factors released from phagocytes. 
C)  lipid-carbohydrate complexes and C3. 
D)  C5-C9. 
E)  factors released from damaged tissues. 
A)  antigen-antibody reactions. 
B)  factors released from phagocytes. 
C)  lipid-carbohydrate complexes and C3. 
D)  C5-C9. 
E)  factors released from damaged tissues.

Question 5

A chill is a sign that

Accepted Answer

A)  blood vessels are dilating. 
B)  body temperature is rising. 
C)  the metabolic rate is decreasing. 
D)  body temperature is falling. 
E)  body temperature is not changing. 
A)  blood vessels are dilating. 
B)  body temperature is rising. 
C)  the metabolic rate is decreasing. 
D)  body temperature is falling. 
E)  body temperature is not changing.

Question 6

The swelling associated with inflammation decreases when the fluid

Accepted Answer

A)  is excreted in urine. 
B)  is transported into macrophages. 
C)  goes into lymph capillaries. 
D)  returns to the blood. 
E)  is lost as perspiration. 
A)  is excreted in urine. 
B)  is transported into macrophages. 
C)  goes into lymph capillaries. 
D)  returns to the blood. 
E)  is lost as perspiration.

Question 7

TLRs attach to all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  LPS. 
B)  peptidoglycan. 
C)  PAMPs. 
D)  AMPs. 
E)  flagellin. 
A)  LPS. 
B)  peptidoglycan. 
C)  PAMPs. 
D)  AMPs. 
E)  flagellin.

Question 8

A child falls and suffers a deep cut on her leg. The cut went through her skin and she is bleeding. Which of the following defense mechanisms will participate in eliminating contaminating microbes?

Accepted Answer

A)  normal skin flora 
B)  lysozyme 
C)  acidic skin secretions 
D)  mucociliary escalator 
E)  phagocytosis in the inflammatory response 
A)  normal skin flora 
B)  lysozyme 
C)  acidic skin secretions 
D)  mucociliary escalator 
E)  phagocytosis in the inflammatory response

Question 9

After ingesting a pathogen, lysosomal enzymes produce all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  complement. 
B)  HOCl. 
C)  o2-. 
D)  H2o2. 
E)  OH. 
A)  complement. 
B)  HOCl. 
C)  o2-. 
D)  H2o2. 
E)  OH.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alpha interferon acts against specific viruses. 
B)  Beta interferon attacks invading viruses. 
C)  Gamma interferon causes bactericidal activity by macrophages. 
D)  All three types of interferons have the same effect on the body. 
E)  Alpha interferon promotes phagocytosis. 
A)  Alpha interferon acts against specific viruses. 
B)  Beta interferon attacks invading viruses. 
C)  Gamma interferon causes bactericidal activity by macrophages. 
D)  All three types of interferons have the same effect on the body. 
E)  Alpha interferon promotes phagocytosis.

Question 11

Each of the following is an effect of complement activation EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  increased blood vessel permeability. 
B)  opsonization. 
C)  interference with viral replication. 
D)  bacterial cell lysis. 
E)  increased phagocytic activity. 
A)  increased blood vessel permeability. 
B)  opsonization. 
C)  interference with viral replication. 
D)  bacterial cell lysis. 
E)  increased phagocytic activity.

Question 12

The inflammatory response can only be triggered by an infection.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which non-specific defense mechanism is mismatched with its associated body structure or body fluid?

Accepted Answer

A)  lysozyme  tears and saliva 
B)  keratin and tightly packed cells  skin 
C)  mucociliary escalator  intestines 
D)  very acidic pH  stomach 
E)  cerumen and sebum  ear 
A)  lysozyme  tears and saliva 
B)  keratin and tightly packed cells  skin 
C)  mucociliary escalator  intestines 
D)  very acidic pH  stomach 
E)  cerumen and sebum  ear

Question 14

All of the following are iron-binding proteins found in humans EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  siderophorin. 
B)  hemoglobin. 
C)  transferrin. 
D)  lactoferrin. 
E)  ferritin. 
A)  siderophorin. 
B)  hemoglobin. 
C)  transferrin. 
D)  lactoferrin. 
E)  ferritin.

Question 15

The complement protein cascade is the same for the classical pathway, alternative pathway, and lectin pathway after the point in the cascade where the activation of takes place.

Accepted Answer

A)  C2 
B)  C6 
C)  C1 
D)  C3 
E)  C5 
A)  C2 
B)  C6 
C)  C1 
D)  C3 
E)  C5

Question 16

Several inherited deficiencies in the complement system occur in humans. Which of the following would be the MOST severe?

Accepted Answer

A)  deficiency of C6 
B)  deficiency of C8 
C)  deficiency of C7 
D)  deficiency of C5 
E)  deficiency of C3 
A)  deficiency of C6 
B)  deficiency of C8 
C)  deficiency of C7 
D)  deficiency of C5 
E)  deficiency of C3

Question 17

Microorganisms that are members of the normal microbiota are also known to cause disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Phagocytes utilize all of the following to optimize interaction with (getting to and getting hold of) microorganisms EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  chemotaxis. 
B)  complement. 
C)  trapping a bacterium against a rough surface. 
D)  opsonization. 
E)  lysozyme. 
A)  chemotaxis. 
B)  complement. 
C)  trapping a bacterium against a rough surface. 
D)  opsonization. 
E)  lysozyme.

Question 19

Maturation of stem cells into mature blood cells occurs in the red bone marrow.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 16: Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

Which of the following statements about the classical pathway of complement activation is FALSE?

Macrophages arise from which of the following?

Each of the following provides protection from phagocytic digestion EXCEPT

The classical pathway for complement activation is initiated by

A chill is a sign that

The swelling associated with inflammation decreases when the fluid

TLRs attach to all of the following EXCEPT

A child falls and suffers a deep cut on her leg. The cut went through her skin and she is bleeding. Which of the following defense mechanisms will participate in eliminating contaminating microbes?

After ingesting a pathogen, lysosomal enzymes produce all of the following EXCEPT

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Each of the following is an effect of complement activation EXCEPT

The inflammatory response can only be triggered by an infection.

Which non-specific defense mechanism is mismatched with its associated body structure or body fluid?

All of the following are iron-binding proteins found in humans EXCEPT

The complement protein cascade is the same for the classical pathway, alternative pathway, and lectin pathway after the point in the cascade where the activation of takes place.

Several inherited deficiencies in the complement system occur in humans. Which of the following would be the MOST severe?

Microorganisms that are members of the normal microbiota are also known to cause disease.

Phagocytes utilize all of the following to optimize interaction with (getting to and getting hold of) microorganisms EXCEPT

Maturation of stem cells into mature blood cells occurs in the red bone marrow.

The Microbial World and You

Chemical Principles

Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Growth

The Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Genetics

Biotechnology and Dna Technology

Classification of Microorganisms

The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Practical Applications of Immunology

Disorders Associated With the Immune System

Antimicrobial Drugs

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Disease of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Environmental Microbiology

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

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