Question 1

Neutrophils with defective lysosomes are unable to

Accepted Answer

A)  produce toxic oxygen products. 
B)  engulf microorganisms and other foreign material. 
C)  undergo chemotaxis. 
D)  migrate. 
E)  attach to microorganisms and other foreign material. 
A)  produce toxic oxygen products. 
B)  engulf microorganisms and other foreign material. 
C)  undergo chemotaxis. 
D)  migrate. 
E)  attach to microorganisms and other foreign material.

Question 2

All of the following occur during inflammation. What is the first step?

Accepted Answer

A)  vasodilation 
B)  phagocyte migration 
C)  repair 
D)  margination 
E)  diapedesis 
A)  vasodilation 
B)  phagocyte migration 
C)  repair 
D)  margination 
E)  diapedesis

Question 3

Complement proteins in their intact and unactivated form act as opsonins by binding to microorganisms and promoting phagocytosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Activation of C5-C9 results in

Accepted Answer

A)  lysis of microbial cells. 
B)  inflammation. 
C)  activation of C3. 
D)  phagocytosis. 
E)  fixation of complement. 
A)  lysis of microbial cells. 
B)  inflammation. 
C)  activation of C3. 
D)  phagocytosis. 
E)  fixation of complement.

Question 5

Which of the following exhibits the highest phagocytic activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  neutrophils 
B)  erythrocytes 
C)  macrophages 
D)  eosinophils 
E)  basophils 
A)  neutrophils 
B)  erythrocytes 
C)  macrophages 
D)  eosinophils 
E)  basophils

Question 6

All of the following are part of the mechanism of action of alpha and beta interferons EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  they initiate transcription. 
B)  they are effective for long periods. 
C)  they bind to the surface of uninfected cells. 
D)  they initiate manufacture of antiviral proteins. 
E)  they disrupt stages of viral multiplication. 
A)  they initiate transcription. 
B)  they are effective for long periods. 
C)  they bind to the surface of uninfected cells. 
D)  they initiate manufacture of antiviral proteins. 
E)  they disrupt stages of viral multiplication.

Question 7

The alternative pathway for complement activation is initiated by

Accepted Answer

A)  C5-C9. 
B)  lipid-carbohydrate complexes and C3. 
C)  antigen-antibody reactions. 
D)  factors released from damaged tissues. 
E)  factors released from phagocytes. 
A)  C5-C9. 
B)  lipid-carbohydrate complexes and C3. 
C)  antigen-antibody reactions. 
D)  factors released from damaged tissues. 
E)  factors released from phagocytes.

Question 8

An example of a TLR would be peptidoglycan found in the cell wall of gram -positive bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of the following statements about fixed macrophages is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are mature monocytes. 
B)  They gather at sites of infection. 
C)  They are cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system. 
D)  They develop from neutrophils. 
E)  They are found in certain tissues and organs. 
A)  They are mature monocytes. 
B)  They gather at sites of infection. 
C)  They are cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system. 
D)  They develop from neutrophils. 
E)  They are found in certain tissues and organs.

Question 10

The dermis is composed of connective tissue and serves the primary purpose of providing direct protection from the external environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

All of the following are components of the inflammatory process EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  diapedesis. 
B)  chemotaxis. 
C)  dilation of blood vessels. 
D)  release of histamines and prostaglandins. 
E)  antibody synthesis. 
A)  diapedesis. 
B)  chemotaxis. 
C)  dilation of blood vessels. 
D)  release of histamines and prostaglandins. 
E)  antibody synthesis.

Question 12

Describe and differentiate between the three pathways of activating complement.

Accepted Answer

The three pathways of activating complem

Question 13

The function of the ʺciliary escalatorʺ is to

Accepted Answer

A)  remove microorganisms from the lower respiratory tract. 
B)  propel inhaled dust and microorganisms toward the mouth, away from the lower respiratory tract. 
C)  trap inhaled dust and microorganisms in mucus and propel it away from the lower respiratory tract. 
D)  remove microorganisms from the gastrointestinal tract. 
E)  trap microorganisms in mucus in the upper respiratory tract. 
A)  remove microorganisms from the lower respiratory tract. 
B)  propel inhaled dust and microorganisms toward the mouth, away from the lower respiratory tract. 
C)  trap inhaled dust and microorganisms in mucus and propel it away from the lower respiratory tract. 
D)  remove microorganisms from the gastrointestinal tract. 
E)  trap microorganisms in mucus in the upper respiratory tract.

Question 14

All of the following pertain to fever EXCEPT that it

Accepted Answer

A)  intensifies the effect of antiviral interferons. 
B)  stimulates T lymphocyte activity. 
C)  is caused by interleukin-1 and TNF-alpha coming into contact with the hypothalamus. 
D)  can be initiated by specific types of pathogens. 
E)  accelerates microbial growth by increasing iron absorption from the digestive tract. 
A)  intensifies the effect of antiviral interferons. 
B)  stimulates T lymphocyte activity. 
C)  is caused by interleukin-1 and TNF-alpha coming into contact with the hypothalamus. 
D)  can be initiated by specific types of pathogens. 
E)  accelerates microbial growth by increasing iron absorption from the digestive tract.

Question 15

Describe the nonspecific antimicrobial effects of mucus, lysozyme, and low pH. For each of these substances, list where they are found in the body and how they function in fighting pathogens.

Accepted Answer

Mucus, lysozyme, and low pH all play imp

Question 16

Margination refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  adherence of phagocytes to the lining of blood vessels. 
B)  the adherence of phagocytes to microorganisms. 
C)  the chemotactic response of phagocytes. 
D)  dilation of blood vessels. 
E)  the movement of phagocytes through walls of blood vessels. 
A)  adherence of phagocytes to the lining of blood vessels. 
B)  the adherence of phagocytes to microorganisms. 
C)  the chemotactic response of phagocytes. 
D)  dilation of blood vessels. 
E)  the movement of phagocytes through walls of blood vessels.

Question 17

The complement system is extremely important in the innate defense response. It can be said that this system is a cascade system. Explain this statement.

Accepted Answer

The complement system is a crucial compo

Question 18

All of the following increase blood vessel permeability EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  prostaglandins. 
B)  histamine. 
C)  kinins. 
D)  lysozymes. 
E)  leukotrienes. 
A)  prostaglandins. 
B)  histamine. 
C)  kinins. 
D)  lysozymes. 
E)  leukotrienes.

Question 19

All of the following are effects of histamine EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  redness. 
B)  pain. 
C)  fever. 
D)  vasodilation. 
E)  swelling. 
A)  redness. 
B)  pain. 
C)  fever. 
D)  vasodilation. 
E)  swelling.

Question 20

Activation of C3a results in

Accepted Answer

A)  opsonization. 
B)  acute inflammation. 
C)  attraction of phagocytes. 
D)  increased blood vessel permeability. 
E)  cell lysis. 
A)  opsonization. 
B)  acute inflammation. 
C)  attraction of phagocytes. 
D)  increased blood vessel permeability. 
E)  cell lysis.

Exam 16: Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

Neutrophils with defective lysosomes are unable to

All of the following occur during inflammation. What is the first step?

Complement proteins in their intact and unactivated form act as opsonins by binding to microorganisms and promoting phagocytosis.

Activation of C5-C9 results in

Which of the following exhibits the highest phagocytic activity?

All of the following are part of the mechanism of action of alpha and beta interferons EXCEPT

The alternative pathway for complement activation is initiated by

An example of a TLR would be peptidoglycan found in the cell wall of gram -positive bacteria.

Which of the following statements about fixed macrophages is FALSE?

The dermis is composed of connective tissue and serves the primary purpose of providing direct protection from the external environment.

All of the following are components of the inflammatory process EXCEPT

Describe and differentiate between the three pathways of activating complement.

The function of the ʺciliary escalatorʺ is to

All of the following pertain to fever EXCEPT that it

Describe the nonspecific antimicrobial effects of mucus, lysozyme, and low pH. For each of these substances, list where they are found in the body and how they function in fighting pathogens.

Margination refers to

The complement system is extremely important in the innate defense response. It can be said that this system is a cascade system. Explain this statement.

All of the following increase blood vessel permeability EXCEPT

All of the following are effects of histamine EXCEPT

Activation of C3a results in

The Microbial World and You

Chemical Principles

Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Growth

The Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Genetics

Biotechnology and Dna Technology

Classification of Microorganisms

The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Practical Applications of Immunology

Disorders Associated With the Immune System

Antimicrobial Drugs

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Disease of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Environmental Microbiology

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

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