Question 1

Which of the following definitions is INCORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)  inapparent: infection characteristic of a carrier state 
B)  primary infection: an initial illness 
C)  chronic: a disease that develops slowly and lasts for months 
D)  acute: a short-lasting primary infection 
E)  secondary infection: a long-lasting illness 
A)  inapparent: infection characteristic of a carrier state 
B)  primary infection: an initial illness 
C)  chronic: a disease that develops slowly and lasts for months 
D)  acute: a short-lasting primary infection 
E)  secondary infection: a long-lasting illness E

Question 2

Compromised hosts are always suffering from suppressed immune systems.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

A host is not considered diseased until an infection changes oneʹs state of health.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

Focal infections initially start out as

Accepted Answer

A)  local infections. 
B)  bacteremia. 
C)  systemic infections. 
D)  sepsis. 
E)  septicemia. 
A)  local infections. 
B)  bacteremia. 
C)  systemic infections. 
D)  sepsis. 
E)  septicemia.

Question 5

A cold transmitted by a facial tissue is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  fomite. 
B)  droplet transmission. 
C)  vector. 
D)  vehicle transmission. 
E)  direct contact. 
A)  fomite. 
B)  droplet transmission. 
C)  vector. 
D)  vehicle transmission. 
E)  direct contact.

Question 6

A nosocomial infection is

Accepted Answer

A)  always caused by pathogenic bacteria. 
B)  always caused by medical personnel. 
C)  only a result of surgery. 
D)  always present, but is inapparent at the time of hospitalization. 
E)  acquired during the course of hospitalization. 
A)  always caused by pathogenic bacteria. 
B)  always caused by medical personnel. 
C)  only a result of surgery. 
D)  always present, but is inapparent at the time of hospitalization. 
E)  acquired during the course of hospitalization.

Question 7

Testing the effectiveness of a new drug for anthrax would be best performed as an experimental study.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

A disease in which the causative agent remains inactive for a time before producing symptoms is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  subclinical. 
B)  latent. 
C)  acute. 
D)  subacute. 
E)  zoonotic. 
A)  subclinical. 
B)  latent. 
C)  acute. 
D)  subacute. 
E)  zoonotic.

Question 9

Figure 14.1   Figure 14.1 shows the incidence of influenza during a typical year. Which letter on the graph indicates the endemic level?

Accepted Answer

A)  a 
B)  b 
C)  c 
D)  d 
E)  The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided. 
A)  a 
B)  b 
C)  c 
D)  d 
E)  The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 10

MMWR is a publication by the CDC that reports on only emerging diseases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

A commensal bacterium

Accepted Answer

A)  always causes disease in its host. 
B)  is beneficial to its host. 
C)  does not receive any benefit from its host. 
D)  isnʹt capable of causing disease in its host. 
E)  may also be an opportunistic pathogen. 
A)  always causes disease in its host. 
B)  is beneficial to its host. 
C)  does not receive any benefit from its host. 
D)  isnʹt capable of causing disease in its host. 
E)  may also be an opportunistic pathogen.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a predisposing factor of disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic background 
B)  occupation 
C)  lifestyle 
D)  climate 
E)  All of these are predisposing factors of disease. 
A)  genetic background 
B)  occupation 
C)  lifestyle 
D)  climate 
E)  All of these are predisposing factors of disease.

Question 13

When studying the epidemiology of a particular disease, why are retrospective studies commonly undertaken before prospective studies?

Accepted Answer

Retrospective studies are commonly under

Question 14

Which of the following definitions is INCORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)  pandemic: a disease that affects a large number of people in the world in a short time 
B)  epidemic: a disease that is endemic across the world 
C)  sporadic: a disease that affects a population occasionally 
D)  endemic: a disease that is constantly present in a population 
E)  incidence: number of new cases of a disease 
A)  pandemic: a disease that affects a large number of people in the world in a short time 
B)  epidemic: a disease that is endemic across the world 
C)  sporadic: a disease that affects a population occasionally 
D)  endemic: a disease that is constantly present in a population 
E)  incidence: number of new cases of a disease

Question 15

Emergence of infectious diseases can be attributed to all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  antibiotic resistance. 
B)  climatic changes. 
C)  ease of travel. 
D)  new strains of previously known agents. 
E)  The emergence of infectious diseases can be attributed to all of these. 
A)  antibiotic resistance. 
B)  climatic changes. 
C)  ease of travel. 
D)  new strains of previously known agents. 
E)  The emergence of infectious diseases can be attributed to all of these.

Question 16

Figure 14.2   In Figure 14.2, when is the prevalence the highest?

Accepted Answer

A)  February 
B)  January 
C)  July 
D)  March 
E)  The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided. 
A)  February 
B)  January 
C)  July 
D)  March 
E)  The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 17

In which of the following patterns of disease does the patient experience no signs or symptoms?

Accepted Answer

A)  incubation 
B)  prodromal 
C)  convalescence 
D)  decline 
E)  both incubation and convalescence 
A)  incubation 
B)  prodromal 
C)  convalescence 
D)  decline 
E)  both incubation and convalescence

Question 18

Transient microbiota differ from normal microbiota in that transient microbiota

Accepted Answer

A)  are always acquired by direct contact. 
B)  never cause disease. 
C)  are found in a certain location on the host. 
D)  are present for a relatively short time. 
E)  cause diseases. 
A)  are always acquired by direct contact. 
B)  never cause disease. 
C)  are found in a certain location on the host. 
D)  are present for a relatively short time. 
E)  cause diseases.

Question 19

If a prodromal period exists for a certain disease, it should occur prior to

Accepted Answer

A)  convalescence. 
B)  decline. 
C)  illness. 
D)  incubation. 
A)  convalescence. 
B)  decline. 
C)  illness. 
D)  incubation.

Question 20

The method of transmission of the disease in Situation 14.1 was

Accepted Answer

A)  direct contact. 
B)  indirect contact. 
C)  vehicle. 
D)  vector-borne. 
E)  droplet. 
A)  direct contact. 
B)  indirect contact. 
C)  vehicle. 
D)  vector-borne. 
E)  droplet.

Exam 14: Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

Which of the following definitions is INCORRECT?

Compromised hosts are always suffering from suppressed immune systems.

A host is not considered diseased until an infection changes oneʹs state of health.

Focal infections initially start out as

A cold transmitted by a facial tissue is an example of

A nosocomial infection is

Testing the effectiveness of a new drug for anthrax would be best performed as an experimental study.

A disease in which the causative agent remains inactive for a time before producing symptoms is referred to as

Figure 14.1 Figure 14.1 shows the incidence of influenza during a typical year. Which letter on the graph indicates the endemic level?

MMWR is a publication by the CDC that reports on only emerging diseases.

A commensal bacterium

Which of the following is NOT a predisposing factor of disease?

When studying the epidemiology of a particular disease, why are retrospective studies commonly undertaken before prospective studies?

Which of the following definitions is INCORRECT?

Emergence of infectious diseases can be attributed to all of the following EXCEPT

Figure 14.2 In Figure 14.2, when is the prevalence the highest?

In which of the following patterns of disease does the patient experience no signs or symptoms?

Transient microbiota differ from normal microbiota in that transient microbiota

If a prodromal period exists for a certain disease, it should occur prior to

The method of transmission of the disease in Situation 14.1 was

The Microbial World and You

Chemical Principles

Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Growth

The Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Genetics

Biotechnology and Dna Technology

Classification of Microorganisms

The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Practical Applications of Immunology

Disorders Associated With the Immune System

Antimicrobial Drugs

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Disease of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Environmental Microbiology

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

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