Question 1

The symptoms of tetanus are due to

Accepted Answer

A)  sustained relaxation of muscles. 
B)  inflammation. 
C)  endospore formation. 
D)  systemic infection. 
E)  tetanospasmin. 
A)  sustained relaxation of muscles. 
B)  inflammation. 
C)  endospore formation. 
D)  systemic infection. 
E)  tetanospasmin. E

Question 2

Which of the following vaccine characteristics is (are) mismatched with their respective vaccine type? $\begin{array}{ll}\hline 
\text { Salk Vaccine}&\text { Sabin Vaccine}\
\hline \text { 1. Consists of a formalin-inactivated virus}&\text { 4. Consists of a live, attenuated polio virus}\
\text {2. Administered orally }&\text {5. Administered orally }\
\text {3. Requires booster doses }&\text { 6. Provides community immunity}\\hline 
\end{array}$

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 3 only 
B)  4, 5, and 6 
C)  2 only 
D)  1, 3, and 5 
E)  None of the answers are correct; all these characteristics are correctly matched. 
A)  1 and 3 only 
B)  4, 5, and 6 
C)  2 only 
D)  1, 3, and 5 
E)  None of the answers are correct; all these characteristics are correctly matched. C

Question 3

All of the following organisms are transmitted via the respiratory route EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  Cryptococcus neoformans. 
B)  Haemophilus influenzae. 
C)  Listeria monocytogenes. 
D)  Neisseria meningitidis. 
E)  None of the answers is correct; all of these organisms are transmitted by the respiratory route. 
A)  Cryptococcus neoformans. 
B)  Haemophilus influenzae. 
C)  Listeria monocytogenes. 
D)  Neisseria meningitidis. 
E)  None of the answers is correct; all of these organisms are transmitted by the respiratory route. C

Question 4

All of the following are acquired by ingestion EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  poliomyelitis. 
B)  listeriosis. 
C)  botulism. 
D)  cryptococcosis. 
E)  Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. 
A)  poliomyelitis. 
B)  listeriosis. 
C)  botulism. 
D)  cryptococcosis. 
E)  Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

Question 5

All of the following organisms are correctly matched to the recommended treatment EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  Cryptococcus neoformans  amphotericin B. 
B)  Haemophilus influenzae  cephalosporins. 
C)  Neisseria meningitidis  cephalosporins. 
D)  Mycobacterium leprae  dapsone. 
E)  poliovirus  amphotericin B. 
A)  Cryptococcus neoformans  amphotericin B. 
B)  Haemophilus influenzae  cephalosporins. 
C)  Neisseria meningitidis  cephalosporins. 
D)  Mycobacterium leprae  dapsone. 
E)  poliovirus  amphotericin B.

Question 6

Poliomyelitis is caused by a virus and usually leads to paralysis in those affected.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

A 30-year-old woman was hospitalized after she experienced convulsions. On examination, she was alert and oriented and complained of a fever, headache, and stiff neck. Any of the following organisms could be responsible for her symptoms EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  Haemophilus influenza. 
B)  Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
C)  Clostridium botulinum. 
D)  Listeria monocytogenes. 
E)  Any of these organisms could be the causative agent. 
A)  Haemophilus influenza. 
B)  Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
C)  Clostridium botulinum. 
D)  Listeria monocytogenes. 
E)  Any of these organisms could be the causative agent.

Question 8

Which of the following vaccines can cause the disease it is designed to prevent?

Accepted Answer

A)  inactivated polio vaccine 
B)  tetanus toxoid vaccine 
C)  meningococcal capsule vaccine 
D)  oral polio vaccine 
E)  Haemophilus influenzae capsule vaccine 
A)  inactivated polio vaccine 
B)  tetanus toxoid vaccine 
C)  meningococcal capsule vaccine 
D)  oral polio vaccine 
E)  Haemophilus influenzae capsule vaccine

Question 9

Which of the following statements about leprosy is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Patients with leprosy must be isolated. 
B)  The etiologic agent is acid-fast. 
C)  It is transmitted by direct contact. 
D)  It is rarely fatal. 
E)  Diagnosis is based on skin biopsy. 
A)  Patients with leprosy must be isolated. 
B)  The etiologic agent is acid-fast. 
C)  It is transmitted by direct contact. 
D)  It is rarely fatal. 
E)  Diagnosis is based on skin biopsy.

Question 10

All of the following are true regarding African trypanosomiasis EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  all subspecies of Trypanosoma brucei have multiple hosts. 
B)  Trypanosoma brucei gambiense is the more common cause of disease. 
C)  it is transmitted by the tsetse fly. 
D)  death ultimately occurs without proper treatment. 
E)  it is also known as ʺsleeping sickness.ʺ 
A)  all subspecies of Trypanosoma brucei have multiple hosts. 
B)  Trypanosoma brucei gambiense is the more common cause of disease. 
C)  it is transmitted by the tsetse fly. 
D)  death ultimately occurs without proper treatment. 
E)  it is also known as ʺsleeping sickness.ʺ

Question 11

Microscopic examination of cerebrospinal fluid reveals gram-positive rods. What is the organism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neisseria 
B)  Haemophilus 
C)  Streptococcus 
D)  Listeria 
E)  Naegleria 
A)  Neisseria 
B)  Haemophilus 
C)  Streptococcus 
D)  Listeria 
E)  Naegleria

Question 12

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A)  tetanus  releases potent neurotoxin 
B)  leprosy  deformation of nose and hands can occur 
C)  rabies virus  destroys cells of the CNS 
D)  botulism  stimulates transmission of nerve impulse 
E)  poliomyelitis  multiplication of virus occurs in throat and small intestine 
A)  tetanus  releases potent neurotoxin 
B)  leprosy  deformation of nose and hands can occur 
C)  rabies virus  destroys cells of the CNS 
D)  botulism  stimulates transmission of nerve impulse 
E)  poliomyelitis  multiplication of virus occurs in throat and small intestine

Question 13

CSF contains high levels of complement and circulating antibodies to prevent infection of the brain and spinal cord.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following is/are a free-living amoeba that can cause encephalitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Entamoeba 
B)  Naegleria 
C)  Acanthamoeba 
D)  Entamoeba and Naegleria 
E)  Naegleria and Acanthamoeba 
A)  Entamoeba 
B)  Naegleria 
C)  Acanthamoeba 
D)  Entamoeba and Naegleria 
E)  Naegleria and Acanthamoeba

Question 15

Naegleria fowleri meningoencephalitis is commonly acquired by

Accepted Answer

A)  swimming in warm ponds or streams. 
B)  exposure to body fluids of a contaminated individual. 
C)  ingestion of water contaminated with fecal material. 
D)  exposure to bird droppings. 
E)  mosquito bites. 
A)  swimming in warm ponds or streams. 
B)  exposure to body fluids of a contaminated individual. 
C)  ingestion of water contaminated with fecal material. 
D)  exposure to bird droppings. 
E)  mosquito bites.

Question 16

All of the following are associated with botulism outbreaks EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  endospores of C. botulinum have been recovered from honey. 
B)  antibodies are not an effective method of treatment. 
C)  type A toxin is most virulent. 
D)  type E toxin is associated with seafood. 
E)  Alaskan natives have the lowest rate of botulism in the world. 
A)  endospores of C. botulinum have been recovered from honey. 
B)  antibodies are not an effective method of treatment. 
C)  type A toxin is most virulent. 
D)  type E toxin is associated with seafood. 
E)  Alaskan natives have the lowest rate of botulism in the world.

Question 17

All of the following are true of chronic fatigue syndrome EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  it often begins with flu-like symptoms that do not go away. 
B)  it is a psychological disorder. 
C)  it may be triggered by a viral infection. 
D)  it may have a genetic component. 
E)  it is also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis. 
A)  it often begins with flu-like symptoms that do not go away. 
B)  it is a psychological disorder. 
C)  it may be triggered by a viral infection. 
D)  it may have a genetic component. 
E)  it is also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis.

Question 18

Lifelong immunity is conferred once an individual has had botulism and recovered.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Diagnosis of rabies is confirmed by

Accepted Answer

A)  passive agglutination. 
B)  Gram stain. 
C)  patientʹs symptoms. 
D)  patientʹs death. 
E)  direct fluorescent-antibody test. 
A)  passive agglutination. 
B)  Gram stain. 
C)  patientʹs symptoms. 
D)  patientʹs death. 
E)  direct fluorescent-antibody test.

Question 20

Initial treatment for tetanus in a fully immunized person with a puncture wound is

Accepted Answer

A)  DTaP. 
B)  debridement. 
C)  tetanus immune globulin. 
D)  penicillin. 
E)  tetanus toxoid. 
A)  DTaP. 
B)  debridement. 
C)  tetanus immune globulin. 
D)  penicillin. 
E)  tetanus toxoid.

Exam 22: Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

The symptoms of tetanus are due to

All of the following organisms are transmitted via the respiratory route EXCEPT

All of the following are acquired by ingestion EXCEPT

All of the following organisms are correctly matched to the recommended treatment EXCEPT

Poliomyelitis is caused by a virus and usually leads to paralysis in those affected.

A 30-year-old woman was hospitalized after she experienced convulsions. On examination, she was alert and oriented and complained of a fever, headache, and stiff neck. Any of the following organisms could be responsible for her symptoms EXCEPT

Which of the following vaccines can cause the disease it is designed to prevent?

Which of the following statements about leprosy is FALSE?

All of the following are true regarding African trypanosomiasis EXCEPT

Microscopic examination of cerebrospinal fluid reveals gram-positive rods. What is the organism?

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

CSF contains high levels of complement and circulating antibodies to prevent infection of the brain and spinal cord.

Which of the following is/are a free-living amoeba that can cause encephalitis?

Naegleria fowleri meningoencephalitis is commonly acquired by

All of the following are associated with botulism outbreaks EXCEPT

All of the following are true of chronic fatigue syndrome EXCEPT

Lifelong immunity is conferred once an individual has had botulism and recovered.

Diagnosis of rabies is confirmed by

Initial treatment for tetanus in a fully immunized person with a puncture wound is

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Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Microbial Metabolism

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Classification of Microorganisms

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Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

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Practical Applications of Immunology

Disorders Associated With the Immune System

Antimicrobial Drugs

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

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