Question 1

Some cells may contain multiple genomes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

The cancer gene ras produces mRNA containing an extra exon that includes a number of UAA codons. Cancer cells produce ras mRNA missing this exon. This mistake most likely is due to a mistake by

Accepted Answer

A)  photolyases. 
B)  a chemical mutagen. 
C)  DNA polymerase. 
D)  UV radiation. 
E)  snRNPs. 
A)  photolyases. 
B)  a chemical mutagen. 
C)  DNA polymerase. 
D)  UV radiation. 
E)  snRNPs. E

Question 3

Table 8.2
Codon on mRNA and corresponding amino acid $$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | l | } 
\hline \text { UUA } & \text { leucine } & \text { UAA } & \text { nonsense } \
\hline \text { GCA } & \text { alanine } & \text { AAU } & \text { asparagine } \
\hline \text { AAG } & \text { lysine } & \mathrm { UGC } & \text { cysteine } \
\hline \text { GUU } & \text { valine } & \mathrm { UCG } , \mathrm { UCU }& \text { serine } \
\hline
\end{array}$$
-Refer to Table 8.2 The anticodon for valine is

Accepted Answer

A)  CUU. 
B)  GUU. 
C)  GTA. 
D)  CTT. 
E)  CAA. 
A)  CUU. 
B)  GUU. 
C)  GTA. 
D)  CTT. 
E)  CAA. E

Question 4

Table 8.2
Codon on mRNA and corresponding amino acid $$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | l | } 
\hline \text { UUA } & \text { leucine } & \text { UAA } & \text { nonsense } \
\hline \text { GCA } & \text { alanine } & \text { AAU } & \text { asparagine } \
\hline \text { AAG } & \text { lysine } & \mathrm { UGC } & \text { cysteine } \
\hline \text { GUU } & \text { valine } & \mathrm { UCG } , \mathrm { UCU }& \text { serine } \
\hline
\end{array}$$
-Refer to Table 8.2. What is the sequence of amino acids encoded by the following sequence of bases in a strand of DNA (pay attention to the polarity of the DNA here)? 3? ATTACGCTTTGC

Accepted Answer

A)  Translation would stop at the first codon. 
B)  asparagine-arginine-lysine-alanine 
C)  asparagine-cysteine-valine-serine 
D)  leucine-arginine-lysine-alanine 
E)  The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided. 
A)  Translation would stop at the first codon. 
B)  asparagine-arginine-lysine-alanine 
C)  asparagine-cysteine-valine-serine 
D)  leucine-arginine-lysine-alanine 
E)  The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 5

Assume the two E.coli strains shown below are allowed to conjugate. Hfr: pro+, arg+, his+, lys+, met+, ampicillin-sensitive F-: pro-, arg-, his-, lys-, met-, ampicillin-resistant
What supplements would you add to glucose minimal salts agar to select for a recombinant cell that is lys+, arg+, amp-resistant?

Accepted Answer

A)  ampicillin, proline, histidine, lysine 
B)  lysine, arginine 
C)  ampicillin, proline, histidine, methionine 
D)  proline, histidine, methionine 
E)  ampicillin, lysine, arginine 
A)  ampicillin, proline, histidine, lysine 
B)  lysine, arginine 
C)  ampicillin, proline, histidine, methionine 
D)  proline, histidine, methionine 
E)  ampicillin, lysine, arginine

Question 6

The initial effect of ionizing radiation on a cell is that it causes

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA to break. 
B)  base substitutions. 
C)  the formation of highly reactive ions. 
D)  bonding between adjacent thymines. 
E)  the cells to get hot. 
A)  DNA to break. 
B)  base substitutions. 
C)  the formation of highly reactive ions. 
D)  bonding between adjacent thymines. 
E)  the cells to get hot.

Question 7

Why must the cultures used in the Ames test be auxotrophic? Explain the necessity of using a strain that is mutated in this experiment.

Accepted Answer

The Ames test is a widely used assay tha

Question 8

Open-reading frames are segments of DNA in which both start and stop codons are found.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA gyrase  coils and twists DNA 
B)  transposase  insertion of DNA segments into DNA 
C)  DNA polymerase  makes a molecule of DNA from a DNA template 
D)  DNA ligase  joins segments of DNA 
E)  RNA polymerase  makes a molecule of RNA from an RNA template 
A)  DNA gyrase  coils and twists DNA 
B)  transposase  insertion of DNA segments into DNA 
C)  DNA polymerase  makes a molecule of DNA from a DNA template 
D)  DNA ligase  joins segments of DNA 
E)  RNA polymerase  makes a molecule of RNA from an RNA template

Question 10

In Table 8.1, if culture 1 mutates to Hfr, what will be the result of conjugation between the two cultures?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 will remain the same; recombination will occur in 2 
B)  1 will become F-, leu+, his+; 2 will become Hfr, leu+, his+ 
C)  They will both remain the same. 
D)  1 will become F+, leu+, his+; 2 will become F+, leu+, his+ 
E)  The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided. 
A)  1 will remain the same; recombination will occur in 2 
B)  1 will become F-, leu+, his+; 2 will become Hfr, leu+, his+ 
C)  They will both remain the same. 
D)  1 will become F+, leu+, his+; 2 will become F+, leu+, his+ 
E)  The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 11

An enzyme that catalyzes the cutting and resealing of DNA, and is translated from insertion sequences, is

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA polymerase. 
B)  DNA ligase. 
C)  DNA helicase. 
D)  transposase. 
E)  DNA polymerase. 
A)  RNA polymerase. 
B)  DNA ligase. 
C)  DNA helicase. 
D)  transposase. 
E)  DNA polymerase.

Question 12

Figure 8.2
  
-The damage caused by ultraviolet radiation is

Accepted Answer

A)  never repaired. 
B)  repaired by DNA replication. 
C)  repaired during translation. 
D)  cut out and replaced. 
E)  repaired during transcription. 
A)  never repaired. 
B)  repaired by DNA replication. 
C)  repaired during translation. 
D)  cut out and replaced. 
E)  repaired during transcription.

Question 13

Synthesis of a repressible enzyme is stopped by the

Accepted Answer

A)  substrate binding to the repressor. 
B)  corepressor-repressor complex binding to the operator. 
C)  corepressor binding to the operator. 
D)  allosteric transition. 
E)  end product binding to the promoter. 
A)  substrate binding to the repressor. 
B)  corepressor-repressor complex binding to the operator. 
C)  corepressor binding to the operator. 
D)  allosteric transition. 
E)  end product binding to the promoter.

Question 14

What is the survival value of the semiconservative replication of DNA?

Accepted Answer

The semiconservative replication of DNA

Question 15

Genetic change in bacteria can be brought about by

Accepted Answer

A)  transformation. 
B)  conjugation. 
C)  transduction. 
D)  mutation. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  transformation. 
B)  conjugation. 
C)  transduction. 
D)  mutation. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 16

Conjugation differs from reproduction because conjugation

Accepted Answer

A)  transcribes DNA to RNA. 
B)  replicates DNA. 
C)  transfers DNA vertically, to new cells. 
D)  copies RNA to make DNA. 
E)  transfers DNA horizontally, to nearby cells without those cells undergoing replication. 
A)  transcribes DNA to RNA. 
B)  replicates DNA. 
C)  transfers DNA vertically, to new cells. 
D)  copies RNA to make DNA. 
E)  transfers DNA horizontally, to nearby cells without those cells undergoing replication.

Question 17

Explain why the following statement is false: Sexual reproduction is the only mechanism for genetic change.

Accepted Answer

The statement "Sexual reproduction is th

Question 18

In Table 8.1, what will be the result of conjugation between cultures 1 and 2 (reminder: F + has a different meaning than Hfr)?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 will become F-, leu-, his-; 2 will remain the same 
B)  1 will remain the same; 2 will become F+, leu+, his+ 
C)  1 will become F-, leu+, his+; 2 will become F+, leu-, his- 
D)  1 will remain the same; 2 will become F+ and recombination may occur 
E)  1 will remain the same; 2 will become F+, leucine-, histidine- 
A)  1 will become F-, leu-, his-; 2 will remain the same 
B)  1 will remain the same; 2 will become F+, leu+, his+ 
C)  1 will become F-, leu+, his+; 2 will become F+, leu-, his- 
D)  1 will remain the same; 2 will become F+ and recombination may occur 
E)  1 will remain the same; 2 will become F+, leucine-, histidine-

Question 19

Figure 8.2
  
-In Figure 8.2, base 2 (and ONLY the base) is covalently bound/attached to

Accepted Answer

A)  deoxyribose. 
B)  phosphate. 
C)  thymine. 
D)  ribose. 
E)  The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided. 
A)  deoxyribose. 
B)  phosphate. 
C)  thymine. 
D)  ribose. 
E)  The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 20

Figure 8.4   In Figure 8.4, the antibiotic chloramphenicol binds the 50S large subunit of a ribosome as shown (the light gray area is the large subunit, while the black shape is the drug). From this information you can conclude that chloramphenicol

Accepted Answer

A)  prevents translation in eukaryotes. 
B)  prevents translation in prokaryotes. 
C)  prevents transcription in eukaryotes. 
D)  prevents mRNA-ribosome binding. 
E)  prevents transcription in prokaryotes. 
A)  prevents translation in eukaryotes. 
B)  prevents translation in prokaryotes. 
C)  prevents transcription in eukaryotes. 
D)  prevents mRNA-ribosome binding. 
E)  prevents transcription in prokaryotes.

Exam 8: Microbial Genetics

Some cells may contain multiple genomes.

The cancer gene ras produces mRNA containing an extra exon that includes a number of UAA codons. Cancer cells produce ras mRNA missing this exon. This mistake most likely is due to a mistake by

Table 8.2 Codon on mRNA and corresponding amino acid UUA leucine UAA nonsense GCA alanine AAU asparagine AAG lysine cysteine GUU valine , serine -Refer to Table 8.2 The anticodon for valine is

The initial effect of ionizing radiation on a cell is that it causes

Why must the cultures used in the Ames test be auxotrophic? Explain the necessity of using a strain that is mutated in this experiment.

Open-reading frames are segments of DNA in which both start and stop codons are found.

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

In Table 8.1, if culture 1 mutates to Hfr, what will be the result of conjugation between the two cultures?

An enzyme that catalyzes the cutting and resealing of DNA, and is translated from insertion sequences, is

Figure 8.2 -The damage caused by ultraviolet radiation is

Synthesis of a repressible enzyme is stopped by the

What is the survival value of the semiconservative replication of DNA?

Genetic change in bacteria can be brought about by

Conjugation differs from reproduction because conjugation

Explain why the following statement is false: Sexual reproduction is the only mechanism for genetic change.

In Table 8.1, what will be the result of conjugation between cultures 1 and 2 (reminder: F + has a different meaning than Hfr)?

Figure 8.2 -In Figure 8.2, base 2 (and ONLY the base) is covalently bound/attached to

Figure 8.4 In Figure 8.4, the antibiotic chloramphenicol binds the 50S large subunit of a ribosome as shown (the light gray area is the large subunit, while the black shape is the drug). From this information you can conclude that chloramphenicol

The Microbial World and You

Chemical Principles

Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Growth

The Control of Microbial Growth

Biotechnology and Dna Technology

Classification of Microorganisms

The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Practical Applications of Immunology

Disorders Associated With the Immune System

Antimicrobial Drugs

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Disease of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Environmental Microbiology

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

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