Question 1

The miRNAs in a cell

Accepted Answer

A)  are responsible for inducing operons. 
B)  are a part of the eukaryotic ribosome. 
C)  allow different cells to produce different proteins. 
D)  are a part of the prokaryotic ribosome. 
E)  are found in prokaryotic cells. 
A)  are responsible for inducing operons. 
B)  are a part of the eukaryotic ribosome. 
C)  allow different cells to produce different proteins. 
D)  are a part of the prokaryotic ribosome. 
E)  are found in prokaryotic cells.

Question 2

What is the survival value of the degeneracy of the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

The degeneracy of the genetic code refer

Question 3

Figure 8.1   In Figure 8.1, which colonies are streptomycin-resistant and leucine-requiring?

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2, 3, and 9 
B)  3 and 9 
C)  4 and 8 
D)  4, 6, and 8 
E)  5 and 6 
A)  1, 2, 3, and 9 
B)  3 and 9 
C)  4 and 8 
D)  4, 6, and 8 
E)  5 and 6

Question 4

Recombination will always alter a cellʹs genotype.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following statements regarding a bacterium that is R+ is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  It possesses a plasmid. 
B)  It is resistant to certain drugs and heavy metals. 
C)  R+ can be transferred to a cell of the same species. 
D)  R+ can be transferred to a different species. 
E)  It is F+. 
A)  It possesses a plasmid. 
B)  It is resistant to certain drugs and heavy metals. 
C)  R+ can be transferred to a cell of the same species. 
D)  R+ can be transferred to a different species. 
E)  It is F+.

Question 6

Cell-to-cell contact is required for transduction to occur.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

According to the operon model, for the synthesis of an inducible enzyme to occur, the

Accepted Answer

A)  repressor must bind to the operator. 
B)  end-product must not be in excess. 
C)  substrate must bind to the enzyme. 
D)  repressor must not be synthesized. 
E)  substrate must bind to the repressor. 
A)  repressor must bind to the operator. 
B)  end-product must not be in excess. 
C)  substrate must bind to the enzyme. 
D)  repressor must not be synthesized. 
E)  substrate must bind to the repressor.

Question 8

Figure 8.3 - Metabolic Pathway
 $$\begin{array} { c c } 
\text { Gene } a & \text { Gene } b \
\downarrow & \downarrow \
\text { Enzyme A } & \text { Enzyme B } \
\downarrow & \downarrow \
\text { Compound A } & \rightarrow \text { Compound B } \rightarrow \text { Compound C }
\end{array}$$
-In Figure 8.3, if enzyme A is a repressible enzyme, compound C would

Accepted Answer

A)  bind directly to gene a. 
B)  bind to the corepressor for Gene a. 
C)  bind to RNA polymerase. 
D)  bind to Enzyme A. 
E)  always be in excess. 
A)  bind directly to gene a. 
B)  bind to the corepressor for Gene a. 
C)  bind to RNA polymerase. 
D)  bind to Enzyme A. 
E)  always be in excess.

Question 9

Table 8.2
Codon on mRNA and corresponding amino acid $$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | l | } 
\hline \text { UUA } & \text { leucine } & \text { UAA } & \text { nonsense } \
\hline \text { GCA } & \text { alanine } & \text { AAU } & \text { asparagine } \
\hline \text { AAG } & \text { lysine } & \mathrm { UGC } & \text { cysteine } \
\hline \text { GUU } & \text { valine } & \mathrm { UCG } , \mathrm { UCU }& \text { serine } \
\hline
\end{array}$$
-Refer to Table 8.2. If the sequence of amino acids encoded by a strand of DNA is serine-alanine-lysine-leucine, the coding for the antisense strand of DNA is

Accepted Answer

A)  3? UCUCGAAAGUUA. 
B)  5? TCTGCAAAGTTA. 
C)  3? UGUGCAAAGUUA. 
D)  5? ACAGTTTCAAT. 
E)  3? TCACGUUUCAAU. 
A)  3? UCUCGAAAGUUA. 
B)  5? TCTGCAAAGTTA. 
C)  3? UGUGCAAAGUUA. 
D)  5? ACAGTTTCAAT. 
E)  3? TCACGUUUCAAU.

Question 10

Figure 8.3 - Metabolic Pathway
 $$\begin{array} { c c } 
\text { Gene } a & \text { Gene } b \
\downarrow & \downarrow \
\text { Enzyme A } & \text { Enzyme B } \
\downarrow & \downarrow \
\text { Compound A } & \rightarrow \text { Compound B } \rightarrow \text { Compound C }
\end{array}$$
-In Figure 8.3, if compound C reacts with the allosteric site of enzyme A, this would exemplify

Accepted Answer

A)  competitive inhibition. 
B)  transcription. 
C)  feedback inhibition. 
D)  a mutation. 
E)  repression. 
A)  competitive inhibition. 
B)  transcription. 
C)  feedback inhibition. 
D)  a mutation. 
E)  repression.

Question 11

An enzyme that makes covalent bonds between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate groups in another nucleotide in DNA is

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA polymerase. 
B)  DNA ligase 
C)  DNA helicase. 
D)  transposase. 
E)  DNA polymerase. 
A)  RNA polymerase. 
B)  DNA ligase 
C)  DNA helicase. 
D)  transposase. 
E)  DNA polymerase.

Question 12

Figure 8.2
  
-In Figure 8.2, if base 4 is thymine, what is base 11ʹ (remember the complimentary configuration of bases in DNA)?

Accepted Answer

A)  guanine 
B)  thymine 
C)  adenine 
D)  uracil 
E)  cytosine 
A)  guanine 
B)  thymine 
C)  adenine 
D)  uracil 
E)  cytosine

Question 13

Protein synthesis in eukaryotes is similar to the process in prokaryotes in that both eukaryotes and prokaryotes

Accepted Answer

A)  use methionine as the ʺstartʺ amino acid. 
B)  require snRNPS. 
C)  have introns. 
D)  use codons to determine polypeptide sequences. 
E)  have exons. 
A)  use methionine as the ʺstartʺ amino acid. 
B)  require snRNPS. 
C)  have introns. 
D)  use codons to determine polypeptide sequences. 
E)  have exons.

Question 14

Both base substitution and frameshift mutations can result in the formation of premature stop codons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The miRNAs in a cell inhibit protein synthesis by forming complementary bonds with rRNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Repair of damaged DNA, in some instances and mechanisms, might be viewed as a race between an endonuclease and

Accepted Answer

A)  methylase. 
B)  primase. 
C)  DNA ligase. 
D)  DNA polymerase. 
E)  helicase. 
A)  methylase. 
B)  primase. 
C)  DNA ligase. 
D)  DNA polymerase. 
E)  helicase.

Question 17

Transformation is the transfer of DNA from a donor to a recipient cell

Accepted Answer

A)  by a bacteriophage. 
B)  by cell-to-cell contact. 
C)  as naked DNA in solution. 
D)  by sexual reproduction. 
E)  by crossing over. 
A)  by a bacteriophage. 
B)  by cell-to-cell contact. 
C)  as naked DNA in solution. 
D)  by sexual reproduction. 
E)  by crossing over.

Question 18

A gene is best defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that codes for a functional product. 
B)  a sequence of nucleotides in RNA that codes for a functional product. 
C)  any random segment of DNA. 
D)  the RNA product of a transcribed section of DNA. 
E)  three nucleotides that code for an amino acid. 
A)  a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that codes for a functional product. 
B)  a sequence of nucleotides in RNA that codes for a functional product. 
C)  any random segment of DNA. 
D)  the RNA product of a transcribed section of DNA. 
E)  three nucleotides that code for an amino acid.

Question 19

In the Ames test, any colonies that form on the control should be the result of spontaneous mutations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Figure 8.5   In Figure 8.5, which model of the lac operon correctly shows RNA polymerase, lactose, and repressor protein when the structural genes are being transcribed?

Accepted Answer

A)  a 
B)  b 
C)  c 
D)  d 
E)  e 
A)  a 
B)  b 
C)  c 
D)  d 
E)  e

Exam 8: Microbial Genetics

The miRNAs in a cell

What is the survival value of the degeneracy of the genetic code?

Figure 8.1 In Figure 8.1, which colonies are streptomycin-resistant and leucine-requiring?

Recombination will always alter a cellʹs genotype.

Which of the following statements regarding a bacterium that is R+ is FALSE?

Cell-to-cell contact is required for transduction to occur.

According to the operon model, for the synthesis of an inducible enzyme to occur, the

Figure 8.3 - Metabolic Pathway Gene a Gene b \downarrow \downarrow Enzyme A Enzyme B \downarrow \downarrow Compound A \rightarrow Compound B \rightarrow Compound C -In Figure 8.3, if enzyme A is a repressible enzyme, compound C would

Figure 8.3 - Metabolic Pathway Gene a Gene b \downarrow \downarrow Enzyme A Enzyme B \downarrow \downarrow Compound A \rightarrow Compound B \rightarrow Compound C -In Figure 8.3, if compound C reacts with the allosteric site of enzyme A, this would exemplify

An enzyme that makes covalent bonds between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate groups in another nucleotide in DNA is

Figure 8.2 -In Figure 8.2, if base 4 is thymine, what is base 11ʹ (remember the complimentary configuration of bases in DNA)?

Protein synthesis in eukaryotes is similar to the process in prokaryotes in that both eukaryotes and prokaryotes

Both base substitution and frameshift mutations can result in the formation of premature stop codons.

The miRNAs in a cell inhibit protein synthesis by forming complementary bonds with rRNA.

Repair of damaged DNA, in some instances and mechanisms, might be viewed as a race between an endonuclease and

Transformation is the transfer of DNA from a donor to a recipient cell

A gene is best defined as

In the Ames test, any colonies that form on the control should be the result of spontaneous mutations.

Figure 8.5 In Figure 8.5, which model of the lac operon correctly shows RNA polymerase, lactose, and repressor protein when the structural genes are being transcribed?

The Microbial World and You

Chemical Principles

Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Growth

The Control of Microbial Growth

Biotechnology and Dna Technology

Classification of Microorganisms

The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Practical Applications of Immunology

Disorders Associated With the Immune System

Antimicrobial Drugs

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Disease of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Environmental Microbiology

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

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