Question 1

All of the following protect the skin and mucous membranes from infection EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  saliva. 
B)  tears. 
C)  multiple layers of cells. 
D)  HCl. 
E)  the ʺciliary escalator.ʺ 
A)  saliva. 
B)  tears. 
C)  multiple layers of cells. 
D)  HCl. 
E)  the ʺciliary escalator.ʺ D

Question 2

Aspirin alleviates pain, inflammation, and fever by inhibiting prostaglandins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

The antimicrobial effects of AMPs include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  lysis of bacterial cells. 
B)  inhibition of cell wall synthesis. 
C)  pore formation in bacterial membranes. 
D)  inhibition of phagocytosis. 
E)  destruction of nucleic acids. 
A)  lysis of bacterial cells. 
B)  inhibition of cell wall synthesis. 
C)  pore formation in bacterial membranes. 
D)  inhibition of phagocytosis. 
E)  destruction of nucleic acids. D

Question 4

Digestion of microorganisms occurs in phagosomes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The lectin pathway for complement action is initiated by

Accepted Answer

A)  mannose on the surface of microbes. 
B)  gram-negative cell walls. 
C)  mannose on host membranes. 
D)  gram-positive cell walls. 
E)  lectins of the microbe. 
A)  mannose on the surface of microbes. 
B)  gram-negative cell walls. 
C)  mannose on host membranes. 
D)  gram-positive cell walls. 
E)  lectins of the microbe.

Question 6

Innate immunity includes all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  production of interferon. 
B)  phagocytosis. 
C)  inflammation. 
D)  activation of complement. 
E)  production of antibody. 
A)  production of interferon. 
B)  phagocytosis. 
C)  inflammation. 
D)  activation of complement. 
E)  production of antibody.

Question 7

Which of the following is involved in resistance to parasitic helminths?

Accepted Answer

A)  lymphocytes 
B)  eosinophils 
C)  neutrophils 
D)  monocytes 
E)  basophils 
A)  lymphocytes 
B)  eosinophils 
C)  neutrophils 
D)  monocytes 
E)  basophils

Question 8

Explain how each of the following avoids being killed by phagocytes.
a. Streptococcus pneumoniae
b. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
c. Streptococcus pyogenes
d. Shigella dysenteriae

Accepted Answer

a. Streptococcus pneumoniae avoids being

Question 9

Histamine and kinins cause increased blood flow and capillary permeability.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Ingestion of certain lactic acid bacteria (LABs) has been shown to be beneficial for function and health of the intestinal tract.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

All of the following are true regarding NK cells EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  they destroy infected body cells by phagocytosis. 
B)  they are a type of lymphocyte. 
C)  they have the ability to kill infected body cells and some tumor cells. 
D)  they are found in tissues of the lymphatic system. 
E)  they release toxic substances that cause cell lysis or apoptosis. 
A)  they destroy infected body cells by phagocytosis. 
B)  they are a type of lymphocyte. 
C)  they have the ability to kill infected body cells and some tumor cells. 
D)  they are found in tissues of the lymphatic system. 
E)  they release toxic substances that cause cell lysis or apoptosis.

Question 12

Which of the following is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A)  diapedesis  movement of leukocytes between capillary walls cells out of blood and into tissue 
B)  scab  dried blood clot over injured tissue 
C)  pus  tissue debris and dead phagocytes in a white or yellow fluid 
D)  chemotaxis  chemical degradation inside a phagolysosome 
E)  abcess  a cavity created by tissue damage and filled with pus 
A)  diapedesis  movement of leukocytes between capillary walls cells out of blood and into tissue 
B)  scab  dried blood clot over injured tissue 
C)  pus  tissue debris and dead phagocytes in a white or yellow fluid 
D)  chemotaxis  chemical degradation inside a phagolysosome 
E)  abcess  a cavity created by tissue damage and filled with pus

Question 13

Which of the following is an effect of opsonization?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased diapedesis of phagocytes 
B)  increased margination of phagocytes 
C)  increased adherence of phagocytes to microorganisms 
D)  cytolysis 
E)  inflammation 
A)  increased diapedesis of phagocytes 
B)  increased margination of phagocytes 
C)  increased adherence of phagocytes to microorganisms 
D)  cytolysis 
E)  inflammation

Question 14

Lysozyme and the antibiotic penicillin have similar mechanisms of action in that they both cause damage to the bacterial

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA. 
B)  ribosomes. 
C)  cell wall. 
D)  cell membrane. 
E)  capsule. 
A)  DNA. 
B)  ribosomes. 
C)  cell wall. 
D)  cell membrane. 
E)  capsule.

Question 15

Normal microbiota provide protection from infection in each of the following ways EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  they make the chemical environment unsuitable for nonresident bacteria. 
B)  they produce antibacterial chemicals. 
C)  they produce lysozyme. 
D)  they change the pH of the environment. 
E)  they compete with pathogens for nutrients. 
A)  they make the chemical environment unsuitable for nonresident bacteria. 
B)  they produce antibacterial chemicals. 
C)  they produce lysozyme. 
D)  they change the pH of the environment. 
E)  they compete with pathogens for nutrients.

Question 16

A differential cell count is used to determine each of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  the numbers of each type of white blood cell. 
B)  leukopenia. 
C)  leukocytosis. 
D)  the number of red blood cells. 
E)  the total number of white blood cells. 
A)  the numbers of each type of white blood cell. 
B)  leukopenia. 
C)  leukocytosis. 
D)  the number of red blood cells. 
E)  the total number of white blood cells.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Complement activity is antigen-specific. 
B)  Complement increases after immunization. 
C)  All of the complement proteins are constantly active in serum. 
D)  There are at least thirty complement proteins. 
E)  Factors B, D, and P cause cytolysis. 
A)  Complement activity is antigen-specific. 
B)  Complement increases after immunization. 
C)  All of the complement proteins are constantly active in serum. 
D)  There are at least thirty complement proteins. 
E)  Factors B, D, and P cause cytolysis.

Question 18

Which of the following is found normally in serum?

Accepted Answer

A)  leukocytosis-promoting factor 
B)  histamine 
C)  complement 
D)  TLRs 
E)  interferon 
A)  leukocytosis-promoting factor 
B)  histamine 
C)  complement 
D)  TLRs 
E)  interferon

Question 19

All of the following are effects of histamine EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  isolation of an injurious agent. 
B)  repair of damaged tissue. 
C)  removal of an injurious agent. 
D)  production of antibodies. 
E)  destruction of an injurious agent. 
A)  isolation of an injurious agent. 
B)  repair of damaged tissue. 
C)  removal of an injurious agent. 
D)  production of antibodies. 
E)  destruction of an injurious agent.

Question 20

Innate immunity

Accepted Answer

A)  provides increased susceptibility to disease. 
B)  involves T cells and B cells. 
C)  is slower than adaptive immunity in responding to pathogens. 
D)  is nonspecific and present at birth. 
E)  involves a memory component. 
A)  provides increased susceptibility to disease. 
B)  involves T cells and B cells. 
C)  is slower than adaptive immunity in responding to pathogens. 
D)  is nonspecific and present at birth. 
E)  involves a memory component.

Exam 16: Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

All of the following protect the skin and mucous membranes from infection EXCEPT

Aspirin alleviates pain, inflammation, and fever by inhibiting prostaglandins.

The antimicrobial effects of AMPs include all of the following EXCEPT

Digestion of microorganisms occurs in phagosomes.

The lectin pathway for complement action is initiated by

Innate immunity includes all of the following EXCEPT

Which of the following is involved in resistance to parasitic helminths?

Explain how each of the following avoids being killed by phagocytes. a. Streptococcus pneumoniae b. Mycobacterium tuberculosis c. Streptococcus pyogenes d. Shigella dysenteriae

Histamine and kinins cause increased blood flow and capillary permeability.

Ingestion of certain lactic acid bacteria (LABs) has been shown to be beneficial for function and health of the intestinal tract.

All of the following are true regarding NK cells EXCEPT

Which of the following is mismatched?

Which of the following is an effect of opsonization?

Lysozyme and the antibiotic penicillin have similar mechanisms of action in that they both cause damage to the bacterial

Normal microbiota provide protection from infection in each of the following ways EXCEPT

A differential cell count is used to determine each of the following EXCEPT

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Which of the following is found normally in serum?

All of the following are effects of histamine EXCEPT

Innate immunity

The Microbial World and You

Chemical Principles

Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Growth

The Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Genetics

Biotechnology and Dna Technology

Classification of Microorganisms

The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Practical Applications of Immunology

Disorders Associated With the Immune System

Antimicrobial Drugs

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Disease of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Environmental Microbiology

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

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