Question 1

Discuss why viruses are considered infectious ʺparticlesʺ on the borderline between living and non-living.

Accepted Answer

not answered

Question 2

Bacteriophages derive all of the following from the host cell EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  tRNA. 
B)  lysozyme. 
C)  nucleotides. 
D)  amino acids. 
E)  ATP. 
A)  tRNA. 
B)  lysozyme. 
C)  nucleotides. 
D)  amino acids. 
E)  ATP. B

Question 3

The following steps occur during multiplication of retroviruses. Which is the fourth step?

Accepted Answer

A)  penetration 
B)  uncoating 
C)  attachment 
D)  synthesis of double-stranded DNA 
E)  synthesis of +RNA 
A)  penetration 
B)  uncoating 
C)  attachment 
D)  synthesis of double-stranded DNA 
E)  synthesis of +RNA D

Question 4

The mechanism whereby an enveloped virus leaves a host cell is called

Accepted Answer

A)  budding. 
B)  transduction. 
C)  penetration. 
D)  abduction. 
E)  lysogeny. 
A)  budding. 
B)  transduction. 
C)  penetration. 
D)  abduction. 
E)  lysogeny.

Question 5

The basic mechanism of viral multiplication is similar for all viruses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Figure 13.2
  
-Assume a patient had chickenpox (human herpesvirus 3) as a child. Which line on the graph in Figure 13.2 would show the number of viruses present in this person as a 60 -year-old with shingles (human herpesvirus 3)?

Accepted Answer

A)  a 
B)  b 
C)  c 
D)  d 
E)  e 
A)  a 
B)  b 
C)  c 
D)  d 
E)  e

Question 7

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  A prophage is phage DNA inserted into a bacterial chromosome. 
B)  A prophage may result in new properties of the host cell. 
C)  Prophage genes are repressed by a repressor protein coded for by the prophage. 
D)  A prophage can ʺpopʺ out of the chromosome. 
E)  The prophage makes the host cell immune to infection by other phages. 
A)  A prophage is phage DNA inserted into a bacterial chromosome. 
B)  A prophage may result in new properties of the host cell. 
C)  Prophage genes are repressed by a repressor protein coded for by the prophage. 
D)  A prophage can ʺpopʺ out of the chromosome. 
E)  The prophage makes the host cell immune to infection by other phages.

Question 8

The definition of lysogeny is

Accepted Answer

A)  the period during replication when virions are not present. 
B)  when the burst time takes an unusually long time. 
C)  attachment of a phage to a cell. 
D)  lysis of the host cell due to a phage. 
E)  phage DNA is incorporated into host cell DNA. 
A)  the period during replication when virions are not present. 
B)  when the burst time takes an unusually long time. 
C)  attachment of a phage to a cell. 
D)  lysis of the host cell due to a phage. 
E)  phage DNA is incorporated into host cell DNA.

Question 9

Figure 13.1
  
-In Figure 13.1, which structure is a complex virus?

Accepted Answer

A)  a 
B)  b 
C)  c 
D)  d 
E)  All of the structures are complex viruses. 
A)  a 
B)  b 
C)  c 
D)  d 
E)  All of the structures are complex viruses.

Question 10

A segmented genome can result in antigenic shift.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following places these items in the correct order for DNA-virus replication? 1. Maturation
2) DNA synthesis
3) Transcription
4) Translation

Accepted Answer

A)  2; 3; 4; 1 
B)  4; 3; 2; 1 
C)  3; 4; 1; 2 
D)  4; 1; 2; 3 
E)  1; 2; 3; 4 
A)  2; 3; 4; 1 
B)  4; 3; 2; 1 
C)  3; 4; 1; 2 
D)  4; 1; 2; 3 
E)  1; 2; 3; 4

Question 12

Continuous cell lines differ from primary cell lines in that

Accepted Answer

A)  continuous cell lines always have to be re-isolated from animal tissues. 
B)  continuous cell lines are derived from primary cell lines. 
C)  viruses can be grown in continuous cell lines. 
D)  continuous cell lines are from human embryos. 
E)  continuous cell lines can be maintained through an indefinite number of generations. 
A)  continuous cell lines always have to be re-isolated from animal tissues. 
B)  continuous cell lines are derived from primary cell lines. 
C)  viruses can be grown in continuous cell lines. 
D)  continuous cell lines are from human embryos. 
E)  continuous cell lines can be maintained through an indefinite number of generations.

Question 13

An example of a latent viral infection is

Accepted Answer

A)  cold sores. 
B)  mumps. 
C)  subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. 
D)  smallpox. 
E)  influenza. 
A)  cold sores. 
B)  mumps. 
C)  subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. 
D)  smallpox. 
E)  influenza.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT used as a criterion to classify viruses?

Accepted Answer

A)  morphology 
B)  size 
C)  number of capsomeres 
D)  biochemical tests 
E)  nucleic acid 
A)  morphology 
B)  size 
C)  number of capsomeres 
D)  biochemical tests 
E)  nucleic acid

Question 15

Binomial nomenclature is used to name viruses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which of the following is most likely a product of an early gene?

Accepted Answer

A)  envelope proteins 
B)  spike proteins 
C)  capsid proteins 
D)  DNA polymerase 
E)  lysozyme 
A)  envelope proteins 
B)  spike proteins 
C)  capsid proteins 
D)  DNA polymerase 
E)  lysozyme

Question 17

A viral species is a group of viruses that

Accepted Answer

A)  has the same genetic information and ecological niche. 
B)  has the same morphology and nucleic acid. 
C)  infects the same cells and cause the same disease. 
D)  cannot be defined. 
A)  has the same genetic information and ecological niche. 
B)  has the same morphology and nucleic acid. 
C)  infects the same cells and cause the same disease. 
D)  cannot be defined.

Question 18

The following steps occur during biosynthesis of a + strand RNA virus. What is the third step?

Accepted Answer

A)  synthesis of viral proteins 
B)  synthesis of + strand RNA 
C)  penetration and uncoating 
D)  synthesis of - strand RNA 
E)  attachment 
A)  synthesis of viral proteins 
B)  synthesis of + strand RNA 
C)  penetration and uncoating 
D)  synthesis of - strand RNA 
E)  attachment

Question 19

A viroid is a completely developed infectious agent composed of nucleic acid and surrounded by a capsid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Most drugs that interfere with viral multiplication also interfere with host cell function.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 13: Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Discuss why viruses are considered infectious ʺparticlesʺ on the borderline between living and non-living.

Bacteriophages derive all of the following from the host cell EXCEPT

The following steps occur during multiplication of retroviruses. Which is the fourth step?

The mechanism whereby an enveloped virus leaves a host cell is called

The basic mechanism of viral multiplication is similar for all viruses.

Figure 13.2 -Assume a patient had chickenpox (human herpesvirus 3) as a child. Which line on the graph in Figure 13.2 would show the number of viruses present in this person as a 60 -year-old with shingles (human herpesvirus 3)?

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

The definition of lysogeny is

Figure 13.1 -In Figure 13.1, which structure is a complex virus?

A segmented genome can result in antigenic shift.

Which of the following places these items in the correct order for DNA-virus replication? 1. Maturation 2) DNA synthesis 3) Transcription 4) Translation

Continuous cell lines differ from primary cell lines in that

An example of a latent viral infection is

Which of the following is NOT used as a criterion to classify viruses?

Binomial nomenclature is used to name viruses.

Which of the following is most likely a product of an early gene?

A viral species is a group of viruses that

The following steps occur during biosynthesis of a + strand RNA virus. What is the third step?

A viroid is a completely developed infectious agent composed of nucleic acid and surrounded by a capsid.

Most drugs that interfere with viral multiplication also interfere with host cell function.

The Microbial World and You

Chemical Principles

Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Growth

The Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Genetics

Biotechnology and Dna Technology

Classification of Microorganisms

The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths

Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Practical Applications of Immunology

Disorders Associated With the Immune System

Antimicrobial Drugs

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Disease of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Environmental Microbiology

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

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