Question 1

EHEC is a major cause of diarrhea in developing countries and may result in the death of small children.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Compare the modes of transmission for hepatitis A, B, and C.

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis A is primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route, often through contaminated food or water. It can also be spread through close personal contact with an infected person.

Hepatitis B is most commonly transmitted through contact with infected blood, semen, or other bodily fluids. This can occur through sexual contact, sharing of needles or other drug paraphernalers, or from mother to baby during childbirth.

Hepatitis C is also primarily transmitted through contact with infected blood. This can occur through sharing of needles or other drug paraphernalia, or through unsafe medical procedures or blood transfusions.

In summary, hepatitis A is primarily spread through contaminated food and water, while hepatitis B and C are primarily spread through contact with infected blood or bodily fluids.

Question 3

Which of the following is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A)  shiga toxin  tissue destruction 
B)  Vibrio enterotoxin  secretion of Cl-, K+, and H2O 
C)  aflatoxin  liver cancer 
D)  ergot  gangrene 
E)  Salmonella endotoxin  lyses red blood cells 
A)  shiga toxin  tissue destruction 
B)  Vibrio enterotoxin  secretion of Cl-, K+, and H2O 
C)  aflatoxin  liver cancer 
D)  ergot  gangrene 
E)  Salmonella endotoxin  lyses red blood cells E

Question 4

All of the following are gram-negative rods that cause gastroenteritis EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  Clostridium perfringens. 
B)  Yersinia enterocolitica. 
C)  Escherichia coli. 
D)  Shigella spp. 
E)  Salmonella typhi. 
A)  Clostridium perfringens. 
B)  Yersinia enterocolitica. 
C)  Escherichia coli. 
D)  Shigella spp. 
E)  Salmonella typhi.

Question 5

Mary made her familyʹs favorite cream of broccoli soup for lunch. Lunch was forgotten when her son suddenly remembered he had a soccer game at noon. The family finally returned several hours later and sat down to eat. Although Mary reheated the soup (which had been left out at room temperature while they were gone), why is this no guarantee that Mary and her family will not become sick due to food poisoning?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mary made her familyʹs favorite cream of...

Question 6

Which of the following helminthic diseases is a common infestation found in the southeastern United States?

Accepted Answer

A)  Taenia saginata 
B)  Trichuris trichiura 
C)  Echinococcus granulosus 
D)  Ascaris lumbricoides 
E)  Enterobius vermicularis 
A)  Taenia saginata 
B)  Trichuris trichiura 
C)  Echinococcus granulosus 
D)  Ascaris lumbricoides 
E)  Enterobius vermicularis

Question 7

H. pylori is able to survive the acidic environment of the stomach as a result of adaptations that allow it to increase the pH of the immediate environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following correctly lists the stages of tooth decay?

Accepted Answer

A)  plaque accumulation, destruction of enamel, advancement of decay through enamel, decay in dentin, decay in tooth pulp 
B)  destruction of enamel, advancement of decay through enamel, plaque accumulation, decay in dentin, decay in tooth pulp 
C)  decay in dentin, plaque accumulation, destruction of enamel, advancement of decay through enamel, decay in tooth pulp 
D)  plaque accumulation, destruction of enamel, decay in tooth pulp, advancement of decay through enamel, decay in dentin 
E)  destruction of enamel, plaque accumulation, advancement of decay through enamel, decay in dentin, decay in tooth pulp 
A)  plaque accumulation, destruction of enamel, advancement of decay through enamel, decay in dentin, decay in tooth pulp 
B)  destruction of enamel, advancement of decay through enamel, plaque accumulation, decay in dentin, decay in tooth pulp 
C)  decay in dentin, plaque accumulation, destruction of enamel, advancement of decay through enamel, decay in tooth pulp 
D)  plaque accumulation, destruction of enamel, decay in tooth pulp, advancement of decay through enamel, decay in dentin 
E)  destruction of enamel, plaque accumulation, advancement of decay through enamel, decay in dentin, decay in tooth pulp

Question 9

Situation 25.1
Following a county fair, 160 persons complained of gastrointestinal symptoms. Symptoms included diarrhea (84 percent), abdominal cramps (96 percent), nausea (84 percent), vomiting (82 percent), body aches (50 percent), fever (60 percent; median body temperature = 38.3°C); median duration of illness 6 days (range 10 hr to 13 days).
-In Situation 25.1, fecal samples were found to be negative when cultured. The next step in diagnosing the cause of illness would be

Accepted Answer

A)  to begin antibiotic therapy. 
B)  blood cultures. 
C)  muscle biopsy. 
D)  microscopic examination of feces for viruses. 
E)  microscopic examination of feces for oocysts. 
A)  to begin antibiotic therapy. 
B)  blood cultures. 
C)  muscle biopsy. 
D)  microscopic examination of feces for viruses. 
E)  microscopic examination of feces for oocysts.

Question 10

Campylobacter gastroenteritis is the leading cause of foodborne illness in the United States.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following statements about staphylococcal food poisoning is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  It can be prevented by adequate refrigeration of food. 
B)  It is treated by replacing water and electrolytes. 
C)  It is caused by ingesting an enterotoxin. 
D)  It can be prevented by heating foods to 50°C for 15 minutes. 
E)  It is characterized by rapid onset and short duration of symptoms. 
A)  It can be prevented by adequate refrigeration of food. 
B)  It is treated by replacing water and electrolytes. 
C)  It is caused by ingesting an enterotoxin. 
D)  It can be prevented by heating foods to 50°C for 15 minutes. 
E)  It is characterized by rapid onset and short duration of symptoms.

Question 12

Disease-causing exotoxins are produced by all of the following organisms EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  Shigella dysenteriae. 
B)  Vibrio cholerae. 
C)  Clostridium botulinum. 
D)  Clostridium perfringens. 
E)  Staphylococcus aureus. 
A)  Shigella dysenteriae. 
B)  Vibrio cholerae. 
C)  Clostridium botulinum. 
D)  Clostridium perfringens. 
E)  Staphylococcus aureus.

Question 13

Thorough cooking of food will prevent all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  shigellosis. 
B)  salmonellosis. 
C)  staphylococcal food poisoning. 
D)  trichinellosis. 
E)  beef tapeworm. 
A)  shigellosis. 
B)  salmonellosis. 
C)  staphylococcal food poisoning. 
D)  trichinellosis. 
E)  beef tapeworm.

Question 14

The most common cause of travelerʹs diarrhea is

Accepted Answer

A)  Escherichia coli. 
B)  Salmonella enterica. 
C)  Campylobacter jejuni. 
D)  Giardia lamblia. 
E)  Shigella spp. 
A)  Escherichia coli. 
B)  Salmonella enterica. 
C)  Campylobacter jejuni. 
D)  Giardia lamblia. 
E)  Shigella spp.

Question 15

The most common mode of HAV transmission is

Accepted Answer

A)  contamination of food before it reaches a food service establishment. 
B)  blood transfusion. 
C)  contamination of food during preparation. 
D)  contaminated hypodermic needles. 
E)  airborne. 
A)  contamination of food before it reaches a food service establishment. 
B)  blood transfusion. 
C)  contamination of food during preparation. 
D)  contaminated hypodermic needles. 
E)  airborne.

Question 16

Situation 25.1
Following a county fair, 160 persons complained of gastrointestinal symptoms. Symptoms included diarrhea (84 percent), abdominal cramps (96 percent), nausea (84 percent), vomiting (82 percent), body aches (50 percent), fever (60 percent; median body temperature = 38.3°C); median duration of illness 6 days (range 10 hr to 13 days).
-In Situation 25.1, fecal samples should be cultured for all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  Campylobacter jejuni. 
B)  Giardia lamblia. 
C)  Salmonella enterica. 
D)  enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. 
E)  Shigella spp. 
A)  Campylobacter jejuni. 
B)  Giardia lamblia. 
C)  Salmonella enterica. 
D)  enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. 
E)  Shigella spp.

Question 17

In humans, beef tapeworm infestations are acquired by ingesting

Accepted Answer

A)  segments of Taenia solium tapeworms. 
B)  the eggs of Taenia saginata. 
C)  cysticerci of Taenia solium in undercooked meat. 
D)  cysticerci of Taenia saginata in undercooked meat. 
E)  water contaminated with Diphyllobothrium latum eggs. 
A)  segments of Taenia solium tapeworms. 
B)  the eggs of Taenia saginata. 
C)  cysticerci of Taenia solium in undercooked meat. 
D)  cysticerci of Taenia saginata in undercooked meat. 
E)  water contaminated with Diphyllobothrium latum eggs.

Question 18

Which of the following organisms is likely to be transmitted via contaminated shrimp?

Accepted Answer

A)  Staphylococcus aureus 
B)  Clostridium perfringens 
C)  Vibrio parahaemolyticus 
D)  Trichinella spiralis 
E)  Giardia lamblia 
A)  Staphylococcus aureus 
B)  Clostridium perfringens 
C)  Vibrio parahaemolyticus 
D)  Trichinella spiralis 
E)  Giardia lamblia

Question 19

Lactic acid, an end product of fructose fermentation, causes breakdown of tooth enamel and, eventually, cavities.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Discuss why cholera epidemics are often associated with floods.

Accepted Answer

Cholera epidemics are often associated w

Exam 25: Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

EHEC is a major cause of diarrhea in developing countries and may result in the death of small children.

Compare the modes of transmission for hepatitis A, B, and C.

Which of the following is mismatched?

All of the following are gram-negative rods that cause gastroenteritis EXCEPT

Which of the following helminthic diseases is a common infestation found in the southeastern United States?

H. pylori is able to survive the acidic environment of the stomach as a result of adaptations that allow it to increase the pH of the immediate environment.

Which of the following correctly lists the stages of tooth decay?

Campylobacter gastroenteritis is the leading cause of foodborne illness in the United States.

Which of the following statements about staphylococcal food poisoning is FALSE?

Disease-causing exotoxins are produced by all of the following organisms EXCEPT

Thorough cooking of food will prevent all of the following EXCEPT

The most common cause of travelerʹs diarrhea is

The most common mode of HAV transmission is

In humans, beef tapeworm infestations are acquired by ingesting

Which of the following organisms is likely to be transmitted via contaminated shrimp?

Lactic acid, an end product of fructose fermentation, causes breakdown of tooth enamel and, eventually, cavities.

Discuss why cholera epidemics are often associated with floods.

The Microbial World and You

Chemical Principles

Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Growth

The Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Genetics

Biotechnology and Dna Technology

Classification of Microorganisms

The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Practical Applications of Immunology

Disorders Associated With the Immune System

Antimicrobial Drugs

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Disease of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Environmental Microbiology

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

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