Question 1

Antiviral drugs target viral processes that occur during viral infection.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

Which compound would be the most useful to treat candidiasis?

Accepted Answer

A)  thymine 
B)  flucytosine 
C)  penicillin 
D)  uracil 
E)  guanine 
A)  thymine 
B)  flucytosine 
C)  penicillin 
D)  uracil 
E)  guanine B

Question 3

Which of the following is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fleming  initial identification of penicillinʹs effect on gram-positive microbial growth 
B)  Florey and Chain  identification of Penicillium as the producer of penicillin 
C)  Kirby and Bauer  disc-diffusion method 
D)  Ehrlich  ʺmagic bulletʺ theory 
E)  None of these is mismatched. 
A)  Fleming  initial identification of penicillinʹs effect on gram-positive microbial growth 
B)  Florey and Chain  identification of Penicillium as the producer of penicillin 
C)  Kirby and Bauer  disc-diffusion method 
D)  Ehrlich  ʺmagic bulletʺ theory 
E)  None of these is mismatched. B

Question 4

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Interferon inhibits glycolysis. 
B)  Acyclovir inhibits DNA synthesis. 
C)  Azoles inhibit plasma membrane synthesis. 
D)  Amantadine inhibits the release of viral nucleic acid. 
E)  Fluoroquinolone inhibits DNA synthesis. 
A)  Interferon inhibits glycolysis. 
B)  Acyclovir inhibits DNA synthesis. 
C)  Azoles inhibit plasma membrane synthesis. 
D)  Amantadine inhibits the release of viral nucleic acid. 
E)  Fluoroquinolone inhibits DNA synthesis.

Question 5

Table 20.2
The following results were obtained from a disk-diffusion test for microbial susceptibility to antibiotics. Staphylococcus aureus was the test organism. $$\begin{array} { | l | l | } 
\hline  { \text { Antibiotic } } & \text { Zone of Inhibition } \
\hline \mathrm { A } & 3 \mathrm {~mm} \
\hline \mathrm { B } & 7 \mathrm {~mm} \
\hline \mathrm { C } & 0 \mathrm {~mm} \
\hline \mathrm { D } & 10 \mathrm {~mm} \
\hline
\end{array}$$
-In Table 20.2, which antibiotic would be most useful for treating a Salmonella infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided. 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about drug resistance is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  It may be transferred from one bacterium to another during conjugation. 
B)  It may be carried on a plasmid. 
C)  It may be due to enzymes that degrade some antibiotics. 
D)  It is found only in gram-negative bacteria. 
E)  It may be due to increased uptake of a drug. 
A)  It may be transferred from one bacterium to another during conjugation. 
B)  It may be carried on a plasmid. 
C)  It may be due to enzymes that degrade some antibiotics. 
D)  It is found only in gram-negative bacteria. 
E)  It may be due to increased uptake of a drug.

Question 7

An antibiotic that attacks the LPS layer would be expected to have a narrow spectrum of activity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) frequently work by

Accepted Answer

A)  disrupting the plasma membrane. 
B)  hydrolyzing peptidoglycan. 
C)  complementary base pairing with DNA. 
D)  inhibiting cell-wall synthesis. 
E)  inhibiting protein synthesis. 
A)  disrupting the plasma membrane. 
B)  hydrolyzing peptidoglycan. 
C)  complementary base pairing with DNA. 
D)  inhibiting cell-wall synthesis. 
E)  inhibiting protein synthesis.

Question 9

Lamisil is an allylamine used to treat dermatomycoses. Lamisilʹs method of action is similar to that of

Accepted Answer

A)  polymyxin B. 
B)  echinocandins. 
C)  bacitracin. 
D)  azole antibiotics. 
E)  griseofulvin. 
A)  polymyxin B. 
B)  echinocandins. 
C)  bacitracin. 
D)  azole antibiotics. 
E)  griseofulvin.

Question 10

Table 20.1
The following data were obtained from a broth dilution test. $\begin{array}{|l|l|l|}
\hline\text { Concentration of AntibioticX } & \text { Growth } & \frac{\text { Growth in }}{\text { Subculture }} \\hline 2 \mu \mathrm{g} / \mathrm{ml} & + & + \
\hline 10 \mu \mathrm{g} / \mathrm{ml} & - & + \
\hline 15 \mu \mathrm{g} / \mathrm{ml} & - & - \
\hline 25 \mu \mathrm{g} / \mathrm{ml} & - & - \
 \hline
\end{array}$
-In Table 20.1, the minimal inhibitory concentration of antibiotic X is

Accepted Answer

A)  25 ?g/ml. 
B)  15 ?g/ml. 
C)  2 ?g/ml. 
D)  10 ?g/ml. 
E)  The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided. 
A)  25 ?g/ml. 
B)  15 ?g/ml. 
C)  2 ?g/ml. 
D)  10 ?g/ml. 
E)  The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 11

Figure 20.4   The structures of the influenza drug Tamiflu and sialic acid, the substrate for influenza virusʹs neuramidase, are shown in Figure 20.4. What is the method of action of Tamiflu?

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibits plasma membrane synthesis 
B)  competitive inhibition 
C)  inhibits synthesis of neuramidase 
D)  inhibits cell wall synthesis 
E)  prevents synthesis of virus spikes 
A)  inhibits plasma membrane synthesis 
B)  competitive inhibition 
C)  inhibits synthesis of neuramidase 
D)  inhibits cell wall synthesis 
E)  prevents synthesis of virus spikes

Question 12

Which of the following antibiotics is recommended for use against gram -negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  polymyxin 
B)  penicillin 
C)  bacitracin 
D)  cephalosporin 
E)  polyenes 
A)  polymyxin 
B)  penicillin 
C)  bacitracin 
D)  cephalosporin 
E)  polyenes

Question 13

Community-acquired MRSA is typically more virulent than health care-associated MRSA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following drugs does NOT act by competitive inhibition?

Accepted Answer

A)  trimethoprim 
B)  ethambutol 
C)  sulfonamide 
D)  streptomycin 
E)  isoniazid 
A)  trimethoprim 
B)  ethambutol 
C)  sulfonamide 
D)  streptomycin 
E)  isoniazid

Question 15

Which of the following does NOT constitute an advantage of using two antibiotics together?

Accepted Answer

A)  It lessens the toxicity of individual drugs. 
B)  It allows treatment to be provided prior to diagnosis. 
C)  It can prevent drug resistance. 
D)  Two are always twice as effective as one. 
E)  All of these are advantages of using two antibiotics together. 
A)  It lessens the toxicity of individual drugs. 
B)  It allows treatment to be provided prior to diagnosis. 
C)  It can prevent drug resistance. 
D)  Two are always twice as effective as one. 
E)  All of these are advantages of using two antibiotics together.

Question 16

Explain the difficulties in developing antiviral drugs against DNA viruses, when compared to RNA viruses.

Accepted Answer

Developing antiviral drugs against DNA v

Question 17

The antimicrobial drugs with the broadest spectrum of activity are

Accepted Answer

A)  chloramphenicol. 
B)  tetracyclines. 
C)  penicillin G. 
D)  macrolides. 
E)  aminoglycosides. 
A)  chloramphenicol. 
B)  tetracyclines. 
C)  penicillin G. 
D)  macrolides. 
E)  aminoglycosides.

Question 18

The antibiotic actinomycin D binds between adjacent G-C pairs, thus interfering with

Accepted Answer

A)  translation. 
B)  peptide bond formation. 
C)  cellular respiration. 
D)  plasma membrane function. 
E)  transcription. 
A)  translation. 
B)  peptide bond formation. 
C)  cellular respiration. 
D)  plasma membrane function. 
E)  transcription.

Question 19

Which of the following antibiotics are used to treat fungal infections? 1. aminoglycosides
2) cephalosporins
3) griseofulvin
4) polyenes
5) bacitracin

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2, and 3 
B)  3, 4, and 5 
C)  3 and 4 
D)  4 and 5 
E)  All of these antibiotics are used to treat fungal infections. 
A)  1, 2, and 3 
B)  3, 4, and 5 
C)  3 and 4 
D)  4 and 5 
E)  All of these antibiotics are used to treat fungal infections.

Question 20

Penicillin does not directly kill bacteria. Why, then, is it considered to be bacteriocidal?

Accepted Answer

Penicillin is considered bactericidal be

Exam 20: Antimicrobial Drugs

Antiviral drugs target viral processes that occur during viral infection.

Which compound would be the most useful to treat candidiasis?

Which of the following is mismatched?

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Table 20.2 The following results were obtained from a disk-diffusion test for microbial susceptibility to antibiotics. Staphylococcus aureus was the test organism. Antibiotic Zone of Inhibition 3 7 0 10 -In Table 20.2, which antibiotic would be most useful for treating a Salmonella infection?

Which of the following statements about drug resistance is FALSE?

An antibiotic that attacks the LPS layer would be expected to have a narrow spectrum of activity.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) frequently work by

Lamisil is an allylamine used to treat dermatomycoses. Lamisilʹs method of action is similar to that of

Table 20.1 The following data were obtained from a broth dilution test. Concentration of AntibioticX Growth 2\mu/ + + 10\mu/ - + 15\mu/ - - 25\mu/ - - -In Table 20.1, the minimal inhibitory concentration of antibiotic X is

Figure 20.4 The structures of the influenza drug Tamiflu and sialic acid, the substrate for influenza virusʹs neuramidase, are shown in Figure 20.4. What is the method of action of Tamiflu?

Which of the following antibiotics is recommended for use against gram -negative bacteria?

Community-acquired MRSA is typically more virulent than health care-associated MRSA.

Which of the following drugs does NOT act by competitive inhibition?

Which of the following does NOT constitute an advantage of using two antibiotics together?

Explain the difficulties in developing antiviral drugs against DNA viruses, when compared to RNA viruses.

The antimicrobial drugs with the broadest spectrum of activity are

The antibiotic actinomycin D binds between adjacent G-C pairs, thus interfering with

Which of the following antibiotics are used to treat fungal infections? 1. aminoglycosides 2) cephalosporins 3) griseofulvin 4) polyenes 5) bacitracin

Penicillin does not directly kill bacteria. Why, then, is it considered to be bacteriocidal?

The Microbial World and You

Chemical Principles

Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Growth

The Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Genetics

Biotechnology and Dna Technology

Classification of Microorganisms

The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Practical Applications of Immunology

Disorders Associated With the Immune System

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Disease of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Environmental Microbiology

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

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