Question 1

Sedimentation of sludge occurs in

Accepted Answer

A)  anaerobic sludge digestion. 
B)  primary sewage treatment. 
C)  secondary sewage treatment. 
D)  tertiary sewage treatment. 
E)  water treatment. 
A)  anaerobic sludge digestion. 
B)  primary sewage treatment. 
C)  secondary sewage treatment. 
D)  tertiary sewage treatment. 
E)  water treatment. B

Question 2

For the biogeochemical cycles of the following elements, which does NOT have an atmospheric cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrogen 
B)  phosphorus 
C)  carbon 
D)  sulfur 
A)  nitrogen 
B)  phosphorus 
C)  carbon 
D)  sulfur B

Question 3

Based on your knowledge of extremophiles and endoliths, describe the characteristics you would expect of microorganisms capable of living on Mars or other non -Earth environments.

Accepted Answer

Microorganisms capable of living on Mars or other non-Earth environments would likely possess several key characteristics. Firstly, they would need to be extremophiles, meaning they can thrive in extreme conditions such as high levels of radiation, low temperatures, and low atmospheric pressure. This would enable them to survive in the harsh and inhospitable environment of Mars.

Additionally, these microorganisms would likely be endoliths, meaning they can live within rocks or subsurface environments. This adaptation would protect them from the intense radiation on the surface of Mars and provide access to essential nutrients and water that may be present beneath the surface.

Furthermore, these microorganisms would need to be able to withstand long periods of dormancy or slow metabolic activity, as the conditions on Mars may not always be conducive to active growth and reproduction.

Overall, the microorganisms capable of living on Mars or other non-Earth environments would need to be highly adaptable, resilient, and able to survive in extremely challenging conditions. Their ability to thrive in such environments could provide valuable insights into the potential for extraterrestrial life and the possibility of human colonization of other planets.

Question 4

Which wastewater treatment process is responsible for removal of most of the BOD in sewage?

Accepted Answer

A)  anaerobic sludge digestion 
B)  primary sewage treatment 
C)  secondary sewage treatment 
D)  tertiary sewage treatment 
E)  water treatment 
A)  anaerobic sludge digestion 
B)  primary sewage treatment 
C)  secondary sewage treatment 
D)  tertiary sewage treatment 
E)  water treatment

Question 5

The product of which process contains the highest BOD?

Accepted Answer

A)  anaerobic sludge digestion 
B)  primary sewage treatment 
C)  secondary sewage treatment 
D)  tertiary sewage treatment 
E)  water treatment 
A)  anaerobic sludge digestion 
B)  primary sewage treatment 
C)  secondary sewage treatment 
D)  tertiary sewage treatment 
E)  water treatment

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a symbiotic pair of organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  onions and arbuscules 
B)  elk and rumen bacteria 
C)  bean plant and Rhizobium 
D)  orchid and mycorrhizae 
E)  sulfur and Thiobacillus 
A)  onions and arbuscules 
B)  elk and rumen bacteria 
C)  bean plant and Rhizobium 
D)  orchid and mycorrhizae 
E)  sulfur and Thiobacillus

Question 7

What is the effect of discharging primary-treated sewage on the BOD and dissolved o2 (DO) of the receiving body of water? What is the effect of secondary-treated sewage on the BOD and DO?

Accepted Answer

Discharging primary-treated sewage into

Question 8

All of the following are habitats for extremophiles EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  an acid mine wash. 
B)  the topmost portions of the Atlantic Ocean. 
C)  a salt-evaporating pond. 
D)  100°C water. 
E)  inside rock. 
A)  an acid mine wash. 
B)  the topmost portions of the Atlantic Ocean. 
C)  a salt-evaporating pond. 
D)  100°C water. 
E)  inside rock.

Question 9

Which of the following terms describes NO3- → No2- → N2O → N2?

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrogen fixation 
B)  nitrification 
C)  ammonification 
D)  denitrification 
E)  anaerobic respiration 
A)  nitrogen fixation 
B)  nitrification 
C)  ammonification 
D)  denitrification 
E)  anaerobic respiration

Question 10

The dense growth of algae in an algal bloom leads to increased oxygen levels in lakes that enhance the habitat for fish.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

What stage of sewage treatment produces methane?

Accepted Answer

A)  tertiary treatment 
B)  primary treatment 
C)  secondary treatment 
D)  sludge digestion 
E)  None of the stages of sewage treatment produce methane. 
A)  tertiary treatment 
B)  primary treatment 
C)  secondary treatment 
D)  sludge digestion 
E)  None of the stages of sewage treatment produce methane.

Question 12

The purpose of tertiary sewage treatment is to remove all of the phosphorus, nitrogen, and BOD left from secondary treatment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

In the early 1900s, cities such as Philadelphia reduced the incidence of typhoid fever by

Accepted Answer

A)  using tertiary water treatment systems. 
B)  filtering municipal drinking water through sand-bed filters. 
C)  isolating human carriers. 
D)  requiring residents to boil drinking water. 
E)  mass vaccination of residents. 
A)  using tertiary water treatment systems. 
B)  filtering municipal drinking water through sand-bed filters. 
C)  isolating human carriers. 
D)  requiring residents to boil drinking water. 
E)  mass vaccination of residents.

Question 14

Bioremediation of petroleum

Accepted Answer

A)  takes place under aerobic conditions. 
B)  takes place under anaerobic conditions. 
C)  The amount of oxygen does not make any difference. 
A)  takes place under aerobic conditions. 
B)  takes place under anaerobic conditions. 
C)  The amount of oxygen does not make any difference.

Question 15

Bacteria that are used as biosensors

Accepted Answer

A)  degrade hazardous chemicals. 
B)  have chlorophyll. 
C)  do not emit light in the presence of a hazardous chemical. 
D)  may use the lux operon. 
E)  migrate to the hazardous chemical. 
A)  degrade hazardous chemicals. 
B)  have chlorophyll. 
C)  do not emit light in the presence of a hazardous chemical. 
D)  may use the lux operon. 
E)  migrate to the hazardous chemical.

Question 16

Which of the following is required for composting?

Accepted Answer

A)  periodic turning or raking of the compost pile 
B)  addition of non-biodegradable materials 
C)  addition of thermophilic microbes 
D)  addition of nitrogen and phosphorus sources 
E)  constant anaerobic conditions 
A)  periodic turning or raking of the compost pile 
B)  addition of non-biodegradable materials 
C)  addition of thermophilic microbes 
D)  addition of nitrogen and phosphorus sources 
E)  constant anaerobic conditions

Question 17

In water treatment, the purpose of flocculation is to remove microbes, such as Giardia and
Cryptosporidium.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of fecal coliforms?

Accepted Answer

A)  lactose-fermenting 
B)  rod-shaped 
C)  pathogenic 
D)  gram-negative 
E)  non-spore forming 
A)  lactose-fermenting 
B)  rod-shaped 
C)  pathogenic 
D)  gram-negative 
E)  non-spore forming

Question 19

Microorganisms in deep-sea vents and caves serve as autotrophic primary producers in the absence of sunlight.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which one of the following processes in sewage treatment requires bacterial metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A)  chlorination 
B)  primary treatment 
C)  sedimentation 
D)  removal of BOD 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  chlorination 
B)  primary treatment 
C)  sedimentation 
D)  removal of BOD 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Exam 27: Environmental Microbiology

Sedimentation of sludge occurs in

For the biogeochemical cycles of the following elements, which does NOT have an atmospheric cycle?

Based on your knowledge of extremophiles and endoliths, describe the characteristics you would expect of microorganisms capable of living on Mars or other non -Earth environments.

Which wastewater treatment process is responsible for removal of most of the BOD in sewage?

The product of which process contains the highest BOD?

Which of the following is NOT a symbiotic pair of organisms?

What is the effect of discharging primary-treated sewage on the BOD and dissolved o2 (DO) of the receiving body of water? What is the effect of secondary-treated sewage on the BOD and DO?

All of the following are habitats for extremophiles EXCEPT

Which of the following terms describes NO3- → No2- → N2O → N2?

The dense growth of algae in an algal bloom leads to increased oxygen levels in lakes that enhance the habitat for fish.

What stage of sewage treatment produces methane?

The purpose of tertiary sewage treatment is to remove all of the phosphorus, nitrogen, and BOD left from secondary treatment.

In the early 1900s, cities such as Philadelphia reduced the incidence of typhoid fever by

Bioremediation of petroleum

Bacteria that are used as biosensors

Which of the following is required for composting?

In water treatment, the purpose of flocculation is to remove microbes, such as Giardia and Cryptosporidium.

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of fecal coliforms?

Microorganisms in deep-sea vents and caves serve as autotrophic primary producers in the absence of sunlight.

Which one of the following processes in sewage treatment requires bacterial metabolism?

The Microbial World and You

Chemical Principles

Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Growth

The Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Genetics

Biotechnology and Dna Technology

Classification of Microorganisms

The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Practical Applications of Immunology

Disorders Associated With the Immune System

Antimicrobial Drugs

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Disease of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

Filters

What is the effect of discharging primary-treated sewage on the BOD and dissolved o₂ (DO) of the receiving body of water? What is the effect of secondary-treated sewage on the BOD and DO?

Which of the following terms describes NO3- → No₂- → N2O → N2?