Question 1

Mutations that are harmful to cells occur more frequently than those that benefit cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

If you knew the sequence of nucleotides within a gene, which one of the following could you determine with the most accuracy?

Accepted Answer

A)  the tertiary structure of the protein 
B)  the primary structure of the protein 
C)  the quaternary structure of the protein 
D)  the secondary structure of the protein 
E)  The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided. 
A)  the tertiary structure of the protein 
B)  the primary structure of the protein 
C)  the quaternary structure of the protein 
D)  the secondary structure of the protein 
E)  The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 3

Table 8.3 Amino Acids Encoded by the Human p53 Gene
  Based on the information in Table 8.3, prostate cancer is probably the result of which kind of mutation?

Accepted Answer

A)  frameshift 
B)  nonsense 
C)  analog 
D)  missense 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  frameshift 
B)  nonsense 
C)  analog 
D)  missense 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 4

Figure 8.2
  
-In Figure 8.2, if base 4 is thymine, what is base 4ʹ?

Accepted Answer

A)  guanine 
B)  adenine 
C)  cytosine 
D)  thymine 
E)  uracil 
A)  guanine 
B)  adenine 
C)  cytosine 
D)  thymine 
E)  uracil

Question 5

Bacteria typically contain multiple chromosomes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA replication proceeds in only one direction around the bacterial chromosome. 
B)  The leading strand of DNA is made continuously. 
C)  The lagging strand of DNA is started by an RNA primer. 
D)  Multiple replication forks are possible on a bacterial chromosome. 
E)  DNA polymerase joins nucleotides in one direction (5ʹ to 3ʹ) only. 
A)  DNA replication proceeds in only one direction around the bacterial chromosome. 
B)  The leading strand of DNA is made continuously. 
C)  The lagging strand of DNA is started by an RNA primer. 
D)  Multiple replication forks are possible on a bacterial chromosome. 
E)  DNA polymerase joins nucleotides in one direction (5ʹ to 3ʹ) only.

Question 7

DNA is constructed of

Accepted Answer

A)  a single strand of nucleotides with internal hydrogen bonding. 
B)  two strands of identical nucleotides in a parallel configuration with hydrogen bonds between them. 
C)  two complementary strands of nucleotides bonded AC and GT. 
D)  two strands of nucleotides running in an antiparallel configuration. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  a single strand of nucleotides with internal hydrogen bonding. 
B)  two strands of identical nucleotides in a parallel configuration with hydrogen bonds between them. 
C)  two complementary strands of nucleotides bonded AC and GT. 
D)  two strands of nucleotides running in an antiparallel configuration. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 8

Figure 8.3 - Metabolic Pathway
 $$\begin{array} { c c } 
\text { Gene } a & \text { Gene } b \
\downarrow & \downarrow \
\text { Enzyme A } & \text { Enzyme B } \
\downarrow & \downarrow \
\text { Compound A } & \rightarrow \text { Compound B } \rightarrow \text { Compound C }
\end{array}$$
-In Figure 8.3, if enzyme A is an inducible enzyme,

Accepted Answer

A)  compound B would bind to enzyme A directly. 
B)  compound C would react with gene a directly. 
C)  compound C would bind to the repressor for Gene a. 
D)  compound A would react with enzyme B directly. 
E)  compound A would bind to the repressor for Gene a. 
A)  compound B would bind to enzyme A directly. 
B)  compound C would react with gene a directly. 
C)  compound C would bind to the repressor for Gene a. 
D)  compound A would react with enzyme B directly. 
E)  compound A would bind to the repressor for Gene a.

Question 9

Scientists are concerned that bacteria will be resistant to all antibiotics within the next decade. Using your knowledge of genetics, describe how bacterial populations can develop drug resistance in such a short time frame.

Accepted Answer

Bacterial populations can develop drug r

Question 10

An enzyme that copies DNA to make a molecule of RNA is

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA polymerase. 
B)  DNA ligase. 
C)  DNA helicase. 
D)  transposase. 
E)  DNA polymerase. 
A)  RNA polymerase. 
B)  DNA ligase. 
C)  DNA helicase. 
D)  transposase. 
E)  DNA polymerase.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a product of transcription?

Accepted Answer

A)  rRNA 
B)  a new strand of DNA 
C)  tRNA 
D)  mRNA 
E)  None of the answers are correct; all of these are products of transcription. 
A)  rRNA 
B)  a new strand of DNA 
C)  tRNA 
D)  mRNA 
E)  None of the answers are correct; all of these are products of transcription.

Question 12

The mechanism by which the presence of glucose inhibits the lac operon is

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA polymerase. 
B)  repression. 
C)  catabolite repression. 
D)  translation. 
E)  induction. 
A)  DNA polymerase. 
B)  repression. 
C)  catabolite repression. 
D)  translation. 
E)  induction.

Question 13

Table 8.2
Codon on mRNA and corresponding amino acid $$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | l | } 
\hline \text { UUA } & \text { leucine } & \text { UAA } & \text { nonsense } \
\hline \text { GCA } & \text { alanine } & \text { AAU } & \text { asparagine } \
\hline \text { AAG } & \text { lysine } & \mathrm { UGC } & \text { cysteine } \
\hline \text { GUU } & \text { valine } & \mathrm { UCG } , \mathrm { UCU }& \text { serine } \
\hline
\end{array}$$
-Refer to Table 8.2. If the sequence of amino acids encoded by a strand of DNA is serine-alanine-lysine-leucine, what is the order of bases in the sense strand of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  3? AGACGTTTCAAT 
B)  5? AGAGCTTTGAAT 
C)  5? TGTGCTTTCTTA 
D)  3? UGUGCAAAGUUA 
E)  3? TCTCGTTTGTTA 
A)  3? AGACGTTTCAAT 
B)  5? AGAGCTTTGAAT 
C)  5? TGTGCTTTCTTA 
D)  3? UGUGCAAAGUUA 
E)  3? TCTCGTTTGTTA

Question 14

The necessary ingredients for DNA synthesis can be mixed together in a test tube. The DNA polymerase is from Thermus aquaticus, and the template is from a human cell. The DNA synthesized would be most similar to

Accepted Answer

A)  human DNA. 
B)  human RNA. 
C)  T. aquaticus RNA. 
D)  T. aquaticus DNA. 
E)  a mixture of human and T. aquaticus DNA. 
A)  human DNA. 
B)  human RNA. 
C)  T. aquaticus RNA. 
D)  T. aquaticus DNA. 
E)  a mixture of human and T. aquaticus DNA.

Question 15

An enzyme produced in response to the presence of a substrate is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  promoter. 
B)  restriction enzyme. 
C)  repressible enzyme. 
D)  inducible enzyme. 
E)  operator. 
A)  promoter. 
B)  restriction enzyme. 
C)  repressible enzyme. 
D)  inducible enzyme. 
E)  operator.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about bacteriocins is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  They can be used to identify certain bacteria. 
B)  The genes coding for them are on plasmids. 
C)  They cause food-poisoning symptoms. 
D)  Nisin is a bacteriocin used as a food preservative. 
E)  Bacteriocins kill bacteria. 
A)  They can be used to identify certain bacteria. 
B)  The genes coding for them are on plasmids. 
C)  They cause food-poisoning symptoms. 
D)  Nisin is a bacteriocin used as a food preservative. 
E)  Bacteriocins kill bacteria.

Question 17

Transposition (insertion of a transposon into a DNA sequence) results in the formation of base substitution mutations in a cellʹs DNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Table 8.2
Codon on mRNA and corresponding amino acid $$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | l | } 
\hline \text { UUA } & \text { leucine } & \text { UAA } & \text { nonsense } \
\hline \text { GCA } & \text { alanine } & \text { AAU } & \text { asparagine } \
\hline \text { AAG } & \text { lysine } & \mathrm { UGC } & \text { cysteine } \
\hline \text { GUU } & \text { valine } & \mathrm { UCG } , \mathrm { UCU }& \text { serine } \
\hline
\end{array}$$
-Refer to Table 8.2. If an indeterminate frameshift mutation occurred in the sequence of bases shown below, what would be the sequence of amino acids coded for? 3? ATTACGCTTTGC

Accepted Answer

A)  Translation would stop at the first codon. 
B)  leucine-arginine-lysine-alanine 
C)  asparagine-cysteine-valine-serine 
D)  asparagine-arginine-lysine-alanine 
E)  The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided. 
A)  Translation would stop at the first codon. 
B)  leucine-arginine-lysine-alanine 
C)  asparagine-cysteine-valine-serine 
D)  asparagine-arginine-lysine-alanine 
E)  The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Exam 8: Microbial Genetics

Mutations that are harmful to cells occur more frequently than those that benefit cells.

If you knew the sequence of nucleotides within a gene, which one of the following could you determine with the most accuracy?

Table 8.3 Amino Acids Encoded by the Human p53 Gene Based on the information in Table 8.3, prostate cancer is probably the result of which kind of mutation?

Figure 8.2 -In Figure 8.2, if base 4 is thymine, what is base 4ʹ?

Bacteria typically contain multiple chromosomes.

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

DNA is constructed of

Figure 8.3 - Metabolic Pathway Gene a Gene b \downarrow \downarrow Enzyme A Enzyme B \downarrow \downarrow Compound A \rightarrow Compound B \rightarrow Compound C -In Figure 8.3, if enzyme A is an inducible enzyme,

Scientists are concerned that bacteria will be resistant to all antibiotics within the next decade. Using your knowledge of genetics, describe how bacterial populations can develop drug resistance in such a short time frame.

An enzyme that copies DNA to make a molecule of RNA is

Which of the following is NOT a product of transcription?

The mechanism by which the presence of glucose inhibits the lac operon is

The necessary ingredients for DNA synthesis can be mixed together in a test tube. The DNA polymerase is from Thermus aquaticus, and the template is from a human cell. The DNA synthesized would be most similar to

An enzyme produced in response to the presence of a substrate is called a(n)

Which of the following statements about bacteriocins is FALSE?

Transposition (insertion of a transposon into a DNA sequence) results in the formation of base substitution mutations in a cellʹs DNA.

The Microbial World and You

Chemical Principles

Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Growth

The Control of Microbial Growth

Biotechnology and Dna Technology

Classification of Microorganisms

The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Practical Applications of Immunology

Disorders Associated With the Immune System

Antimicrobial Drugs

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Disease of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Environmental Microbiology

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

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