Question 1

Biological transmission differs from mechanical transmission in that biological transmission

Accepted Answer

A)  requires direct contact. 
B)  occurs when a pathogen is carried on the feet of an insect. 
C)  works only with noncommunicable diseases. 
D)  involves reproduction of a pathogen in an arthropod vector prior to transmission. 
E)  involves fomites. 
A)  requires direct contact. 
B)  occurs when a pathogen is carried on the feet of an insect. 
C)  works only with noncommunicable diseases. 
D)  involves reproduction of a pathogen in an arthropod vector prior to transmission. 
E)  involves fomites.

Question 2

Reservoirs of infections are always animate objects.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

One effect of washing regularly with antibacterial agents is the removal of normal microbiota. This can result in

Accepted Answer

A)  no bacterial growth because washing removes their food source. 
B)  normal microbiota returning immediately. 
C)  fewer diseases. 
D)  increased susceptibility to disease. 
E)  body odor. 
A)  no bacterial growth because washing removes their food source. 
B)  normal microbiota returning immediately. 
C)  fewer diseases. 
D)  increased susceptibility to disease. 
E)  body odor.

Question 4

Which of the following can contribute to postoperative infections?

Accepted Answer

A)  errors in aseptic technique 
B)  using syringes more than once 
C)  antibiotic resistance 
D)  normal microbiota on the operating room staff 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  errors in aseptic technique 
B)  using syringes more than once 
C)  antibiotic resistance 
D)  normal microbiota on the operating room staff 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about nosocomial infections is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  They may be caused by drug-resistant bacteria. 
B)  They may be caused by normal microbiota. 
C)  They may be caused by opportunists. 
D)  They occur in compromised patients. 
E)  The patient was infected before hospitalization. 
A)  They may be caused by drug-resistant bacteria. 
B)  They may be caused by normal microbiota. 
C)  They may be caused by opportunists. 
D)  They occur in compromised patients. 
E)  The patient was infected before hospitalization.

Question 6

Pseudomonas bacteria colonized the bile duct of a patient following his liver transplant surgery. This is an example of a

Accepted Answer

A)  nosocomial infection. 
B)  communicable disease. 
C)  sporadic disease. 
D)  latent infection. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  nosocomial infection. 
B)  communicable disease. 
C)  sporadic disease. 
D)  latent infection. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a reservoir of infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  a sick animal 
B)  a hospital 
C)  a sick person 
D)  a healthy person 
E)  None of the answers is correct; all of these can be reservoirs of infection. 
A)  a sick animal 
B)  a hospital 
C)  a sick person 
D)  a healthy person 
E)  None of the answers is correct; all of these can be reservoirs of infection.

Question 8

Which of the following diseases is NOT spread by droplet infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  botulism 
B)  measles 
C)  tuberculosis 
D)  the common cold 
E)  diphtheria 
A)  botulism 
B)  measles 
C)  tuberculosis 
D)  the common cold 
E)  diphtheria

Question 9

Which one of the following does NOT contribute to the incidence of nosocomial infections?

Accepted Answer

A)  lack of handwashing 
B)  lapse in aseptic techniques 
C)  antibiotic resistance 
D)  gram-negative cell walls 
E)  lack of insect control 
A)  lack of handwashing 
B)  lapse in aseptic techniques 
C)  antibiotic resistance 
D)  gram-negative cell walls 
E)  lack of insect control

Question 10

Situation 14.1
During a six-month period, 239 cases of pneumonia occurred in a town of 300 people. A clinical case was defined as fever ≥ 39°C lasting >2 days with three or more symptoms (i.e., chills, sweats, severe headache, cough, aching muscles/joints, fatigue, or feeling ill). A laboratory-confirmed case was defined as a positive result for antibodies against Coxiella burnetii. Before the outbreak, 2000 sheep were kept northwest of the town. Of the 20 sheep tested from the flock, 15 were positive for
C. burnetii antibodies. Wind blew from the northwest, and rainfall was 0.5 cm compared with 7 to 10 cm during each of the previous three years.
-Situation 14.1 is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  a vector. 
B)  a nonliving reservoir. 
C)  a zoonosis. 
D)  a focal infection. 
E)  human reservoirs. 
A)  a vector. 
B)  a nonliving reservoir. 
C)  a zoonosis. 
D)  a focal infection. 
E)  human reservoirs.

Question 11

Figure 14.4
   Salmonella Heidelberg gastroenteritis occurred on three cruises aboard the T.S.S. Festivale. Figure 14.4 shows on-board clinic visits for diarrheal illness between February 10 and March 3. Explain the incidence pattern
shown on the graph. What are probable modes of transmission? What changes would you recommend before the ship books more cruises after March 3?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Figure 14.4
   Salmonella Heidelberg gastroenteritis...

Question 12

The major significance of Robert Kochʹs work is that

Accepted Answer

A)  microorganisms can be cultured. 
B)  microorganisms cause disease. 
C)  microorganisms are present in a diseased animal. 
D)  diseases can be transmitted from one animal to another. 
E)  microorganisms are the result of disease. 
A)  microorganisms can be cultured. 
B)  microorganisms cause disease. 
C)  microorganisms are present in a diseased animal. 
D)  diseases can be transmitted from one animal to another. 
E)  microorganisms are the result of disease.

Question 13

Refer to Situation 14.2 What is the normal habitat of this gram -negative, facultatively anaerobic,
non-endospore-forming, lactose-positive rod? Provide a plan for identifying the source of infection and preventing further infection.

Accepted Answer

Without the context of Situation 14.2, I

Question 14

The rise in herd immunity amongst a population can be directly attributed to

Accepted Answer

A)  vaccinations. 
B)  improved handwashing. 
C)  increased use of antibiotics. 
D)  antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  vaccinations. 
B)  improved handwashing. 
C)  increased use of antibiotics. 
D)  antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a verified exception in the use of Kochʹs postulates?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some diseases are noncommunicable. 
B)  Some diseases are not caused by microbes. 
C)  Some diseases have poorly defined etiologies. 
D)  Some pathogens can cause several disease conditions. 
E)  Some human diseases have no other known animal host. 
A)  Some diseases are noncommunicable. 
B)  Some diseases are not caused by microbes. 
C)  Some diseases have poorly defined etiologies. 
D)  Some pathogens can cause several disease conditions. 
E)  Some human diseases have no other known animal host.

Question 16

In which of the following diseases can gender be considered a viable predisposing factor?

Accepted Answer

A)  pneumonia 
B)  salmonellosis 
C)  anthrax 
D)  urinary tract infections 
E)  tetanus 
A)  pneumonia 
B)  salmonellosis 
C)  anthrax 
D)  urinary tract infections 
E)  tetanus

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a communicable disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  malaria 
B)  AIDS 
C)  tetanus 
D)  typhoid fever 
E)  tuberculosis 
A)  malaria 
B)  AIDS 
C)  tetanus 
D)  typhoid fever 
E)  tuberculosis

Question 18

A researcher only needs to select a cohort group when implementing an analytical epidemiological study.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Symptoms of disease differ from signs of disease in that symptoms

Accepted Answer

A)  are changes felt by the patient. 
B)  are specific for a particular disease. 
C)  always occur as part of a syndrome. 
D)  are changes observed by the physician. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  are changes felt by the patient. 
B)  are specific for a particular disease. 
C)  always occur as part of a syndrome. 
D)  are changes observed by the physician. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 20

The CDC is located in

Accepted Answer

A)  Washington, DC. 
B)  Atlanta, GA. 
C)  Los Angeles, CA. 
D)  New York City, NY. 
E)  Chicago, IL. 
A)  Washington, DC. 
B)  Atlanta, GA. 
C)  Los Angeles, CA. 
D)  New York City, NY. 
E)  Chicago, IL.

Exam 14: Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

Biological transmission differs from mechanical transmission in that biological transmission

Reservoirs of infections are always animate objects.

One effect of washing regularly with antibacterial agents is the removal of normal microbiota. This can result in

Which of the following can contribute to postoperative infections?

Which of the following statements about nosocomial infections is FALSE?

Pseudomonas bacteria colonized the bile duct of a patient following his liver transplant surgery. This is an example of a

Which of the following is NOT a reservoir of infection?

Which of the following diseases is NOT spread by droplet infection?

Which one of the following does NOT contribute to the incidence of nosocomial infections?

The major significance of Robert Kochʹs work is that

Refer to Situation 14.2 What is the normal habitat of this gram -negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-endospore-forming, lactose-positive rod? Provide a plan for identifying the source of infection and preventing further infection.

The rise in herd immunity amongst a population can be directly attributed to

Which of the following is NOT a verified exception in the use of Kochʹs postulates?

In which of the following diseases can gender be considered a viable predisposing factor?

Which of the following is NOT a communicable disease?

A researcher only needs to select a cohort group when implementing an analytical epidemiological study.

Symptoms of disease differ from signs of disease in that symptoms

The CDC is located in

The Microbial World and You

Chemical Principles

Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Growth

The Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Genetics

Biotechnology and Dna Technology

Classification of Microorganisms

The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Practical Applications of Immunology

Disorders Associated With the Immune System

Antimicrobial Drugs

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Disease of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Environmental Microbiology

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

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