Question 1

Which of the following types of transplant is least compatible?

Accepted Answer

A)  allograft 
B)  isograft 
C)  autograft 
D)  xenotransplant 
E)  All of these types of transplant are equally compatible. 
A)  allograft 
B)  isograft 
C)  autograft 
D)  xenotransplant 
E)  All of these types of transplant are equally compatible.

Question 2

Graft-versus-host disease will most likely be a complication of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  skin graft. 
B)  blood transfusion. 
C)  corneal transplant. 
D)  bone marrow transplant. 
E)  Rh incompatibility between mother and fetus. 
A)  skin graft. 
B)  blood transfusion. 
C)  corneal transplant. 
D)  bone marrow transplant. 
E)  Rh incompatibility between mother and fetus.

Question 3

Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system is unable to discriminate ʺselfʺ from
ʺnonself.ʺ

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Vaccines against HIV have proven to be very effective in halting the spread of disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

All hypersensitivities involve antibody-antigen reactions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

A positive tuberculin skin test is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  delayed cell-mediated immunity. 
B)  autoimmunity. 
C)  innate immunity. 
D)  psoriasis. 
E)  acute contact dermatitis. 
A)  delayed cell-mediated immunity. 
B)  autoimmunity. 
C)  innate immunity. 
D)  psoriasis. 
E)  acute contact dermatitis.

Question 7

A hypersensitivity reaction refers to immune responses to antigens beyond what would be normal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

During the asymptomatic phase I of HIV disease, HIV infection is diagnosed by

Accepted Answer

A)  counting CD8+ T cells. 
B)  the Western blot test. 
C)  detecting viral RNA. 
D)  counting CD4+ T cells. 
E)  detecting antibodies against HIV. 
A)  counting CD8+ T cells. 
B)  the Western blot test. 
C)  detecting viral RNA. 
D)  counting CD4+ T cells. 
E)  detecting antibodies against HIV.

Question 9

Which of the following describes a cytotoxic autoimmune reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cells are killed. 
B)  Antibodies are not made. 
C)  Mediate by T cells. 
D)  Immune complexes form. 
E)  Antibodies react to cell-surface antigens. 
A)  Cells are killed. 
B)  Antibodies are not made. 
C)  Mediate by T cells. 
D)  Immune complexes form. 
E)  Antibodies react to cell-surface antigens.

Question 10

In the serological method for tissue typing, if human cells expressing HLA -I are mixed with anti-HLA-I, complement, and trypan blue, what would indicate the cells are HLA -I?

Accepted Answer

A)  Enzyme is released from neutrophils. 
B)  Trypan blue enters the cells. 
C)  Cells are damaged by complement. 
D)  Anti-HLA antibodies bind to HLAs on lymphocytes. 
E)  None of the answers are correct; the T cells are missing. 
A)  Enzyme is released from neutrophils. 
B)  Trypan blue enters the cells. 
C)  Cells are damaged by complement. 
D)  Anti-HLA antibodies bind to HLAs on lymphocytes. 
E)  None of the answers are correct; the T cells are missing.

Question 11

Which of the following utilizes a combination of monoclonal antitumor antibody and immunotoxin?

Accepted Answer

A)  immunotherapy 
B)  immunologic surveillance 
C)  immunologic enhancement 
D)  immunosuppression 
E)  immune complex 
A)  immunotherapy 
B)  immunologic surveillance 
C)  immunologic enhancement 
D)  immunosuppression 
E)  immune complex

Question 12

What is desensitization? Explain how this treatment can induce systemic anaphylaxis. How is systemic anaphylaxis treated?

Accepted Answer

Desensitization is a medical treatment u

Question 13

HIV spikes attach to CD4+ receptors found on

Accepted Answer

A)  T helper cells. 
B)  macrophages. 
C)  dendritic cells. 
D)  T helper cells and macrophages. 
E)  T helper cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. 
A)  T helper cells. 
B)  macrophages. 
C)  dendritic cells. 
D)  T helper cells and macrophages. 
E)  T helper cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells.

Question 14

The symptoms of an immune complex reaction are due to

Accepted Answer

A)  cytokines. 
B)  destruction of the antigen. 
C)  complement activation. 
D)  antibodies against self. 
E)  phagocytosis. 
A)  cytokines. 
B)  destruction of the antigen. 
C)  complement activation. 
D)  antibodies against self. 
E)  phagocytosis.

Question 15

Table 19.1 $\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \text { Donor } & \text { Recipient } \
\hline \text { 1. } \mathrm{AB}, \mathrm{Rh}^{-} & \mathrm{AB}, \mathrm{Rh}^{+} \\hline \text { 2. } \mathrm{A}, \mathrm{Rh}^{+} & \mathrm{A}, \mathrm{Rh}^{-} \
\hline \text { 3. } \mathrm{A}, \mathrm{Rh}^{+} & \mathrm{O}, \mathrm{Rh}^{+} \
\hline \text { 4. B, } \mathrm{Rh}^{-} & \mathrm{B}, \mathrm{Rh}^{+} \
\hline \text { 5. B, } \mathrm{Rh}^{+} & \mathrm{A}, \mathrm{Rh}^{+} \
\hline
\end{array}$ Which blood transfusions in Table 19.1 are incompatible?

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2, and 3 
B)  2 and 5 
C)  3 and 4 
D)  1 and 2 
E)  2, 3, and 5 
A)  1, 2, and 3 
B)  2 and 5 
C)  3 and 4 
D)  1 and 2 
E)  2, 3, and 5

Question 16

Anaphylaxis is the term for reactions caused when certain antigens combine with

Accepted Answer

A)  IgG antibodies. 
B)  complement. 
C)  macrophages. 
D)  histamine. 
E)  IgE antibodies. 
A)  IgG antibodies. 
B)  complement. 
C)  macrophages. 
D)  histamine. 
E)  IgE antibodies.

Question 17

Chemotherapy to inhibit the progression of HIV infection utilizes all of the following mechanisms EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  termination of viral DNA. 
B)  blockage of viral attachment. 
C)  inhibition of viral proteases. 
D)  prohibition of viral integration into host cell DNA. 
E)  destruction of viral ribosomes. 
A)  termination of viral DNA. 
B)  blockage of viral attachment. 
C)  inhibition of viral proteases. 
D)  prohibition of viral integration into host cell DNA. 
E)  destruction of viral ribosomes.

Question 18

All of the following regarding ʺimmune privileged sitesʺ are true EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  they are rarely rejected. 
B)  they do not have lymphatic vessels. 
C)  they include corneal and brain tissue. 
D)  they explain how animals tolerate pregnancies without rejecting the fetus. 
E)  they include any tissue transplanted from a pig. 
A)  they are rarely rejected. 
B)  they do not have lymphatic vessels. 
C)  they include corneal and brain tissue. 
D)  they explain how animals tolerate pregnancies without rejecting the fetus. 
E)  they include any tissue transplanted from a pig.

Question 19

Hemolytic disease of the newborn can result from an

Accepted Answer

A)  Rh- mother and an A fetus. 
B)  Rh+ mother with an Rh- fetus. 
C)  Rh- mother with an Rh+ fetus. 
D)  AB mother with an O fetus. 
E)  AB mother with a B fetus. 
A)  Rh- mother and an A fetus. 
B)  Rh+ mother with an Rh- fetus. 
C)  Rh- mother with an Rh+ fetus. 
D)  AB mother with an O fetus. 
E)  AB mother with a B fetus.

Question 20

Which of the following is the least likely vaccine against HIV?

Accepted Answer

A)  attenuated virus 
B)  subunit 
C)  glycoprotein 
D)  protein core 
E)  All of these vaccines are equally likely. 
A)  attenuated virus 
B)  subunit 
C)  glycoprotein 
D)  protein core 
E)  All of these vaccines are equally likely.

Exam 19: Disorders Associated With the Immune System

Which of the following types of transplant is least compatible?

Graft-versus-host disease will most likely be a complication of a(n)

Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system is unable to discriminate ʺselfʺ from ʺnonself.ʺ

Vaccines against HIV have proven to be very effective in halting the spread of disease.

All hypersensitivities involve antibody-antigen reactions.

A positive tuberculin skin test is an example of

A hypersensitivity reaction refers to immune responses to antigens beyond what would be normal.

During the asymptomatic phase I of HIV disease, HIV infection is diagnosed by

Which of the following describes a cytotoxic autoimmune reaction?

In the serological method for tissue typing, if human cells expressing HLA -I are mixed with anti-HLA-I, complement, and trypan blue, what would indicate the cells are HLA -I?

Which of the following utilizes a combination of monoclonal antitumor antibody and immunotoxin?

What is desensitization? Explain how this treatment can induce systemic anaphylaxis. How is systemic anaphylaxis treated?

HIV spikes attach to CD4+ receptors found on

The symptoms of an immune complex reaction are due to

Table 19.1 Donor Recipient 1. , , 2. , , 3. , , 4. B, , 5. B, , Which blood transfusions in Table 19.1 are incompatible?

Anaphylaxis is the term for reactions caused when certain antigens combine with

Chemotherapy to inhibit the progression of HIV infection utilizes all of the following mechanisms EXCEPT

All of the following regarding ʺimmune privileged sitesʺ are true EXCEPT

Hemolytic disease of the newborn can result from an

Which of the following is the least likely vaccine against HIV?

The Microbial World and You

Chemical Principles

Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Growth

The Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Genetics

Biotechnology and Dna Technology

Classification of Microorganisms

The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Practical Applications of Immunology

Antimicrobial Drugs

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Disease of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Environmental Microbiology

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

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